162 Cf. 5.161
163 Fisher, Max. “Here’s the Russian official’s now-deleted tweet saying Snowden accepted asylum in Venezuela.” The Washington Post. July 9, 2010. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/07/09/heres-the-russian-officials-now-deleted-tweet-saying-snowdenaccepted-asylum-in-venezuela/.
164 Fitzpatrick, Alex. “Russian Lawmaker Deletes Snowden Asylum Tweet.” Mashable. July 9, 2013. http://mashable.com/2013/07/09/russiandeletes-snowden-tweet/.
165 RT. “Tweet delete: Russian MP ‘Snowden to Venezuela’ post adds to confusion.” RT. July 9, 2013. http://rt.com/news/snowden-venezuelaasylum-request-844/.
166 WikiLeaks. Organization’s Twitter account. Twitter. July 9, 2013. https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/354700693287870465.
167 Microsoft Corporation. “Security features in Outlook.com.” Microsoft Corporation. Dec. 16, 2013. http://www.microsoft.com/security/pcsecurity/webmail.aspx.
168 Skype. “Skype Privacy Policy.” Skype. Dec. 16, 2013. http://www.skype.com/en/legal/privacy/.
169 Bamford, James. The Puzzle Palace: Inside the National Security Agency, America’s Most Secret Intelligence Organization. New York: Penguin, 1983. 28-9.
170 Cf. 5.60
171 RT. “Snowden wants asylum in Russia, ready to meet condition not to damage US (VIDEO).” RT. July 12, 2013. http://rt.com/news/snowden-meets-rights-activists-013/.
172 The Huffington Post. “Edward Snowden WikiLeaks Statement Sparks Doubts Of Authenticity On Twitter.” The Huffington Post. July 1, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/01/edward-snowdenwikileaks-statement_n_3530837.html.
173 Black, Phil, et al. “Snowden meets with rights groups, seeks temporary asylum in Russia.” CNN. July 13, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/12/world/europe/russia-us-snowden/.
174 Snowden, Edward. “Statement by Edward Snowden to human rights groups at Moscow’s Sheremetyevo airport.” WikiLeaks. July 12, 2013. http://wikileaks.org/Statement-by-Edward-Snowden-to.html.
175 Cf. 5.54
176 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities. Geneva: The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2004. http://www.unhcr.org/411786694.html.
177 Owen, Paul and Tom McCarthy. “Edward Snowden appears at Moscow airport and renews asylum claim – as it happened.” The Guardian. July 12, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/12/edwardsnowden-to-meet-amnesty-and-human-rights-watch-at-moscow-airportlive-coverag.
178 Lewis, Paul. “Edward Snowden inflames US-Russian tensions with Moscow meeting.” The Guardian. July 12, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/12/edward-snowden-russianmoscow-meeting.
179 Irvine, Chris. “Edward Snowden found – latest.” The Telegraph. July 12, 2013. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/10175540/Where-is-Edward-Snowden-live.html.
180 Cf. 5.54
181 Cf. 5.54
182 Luhn, Alec. “Edward Snowden passed time in airport reading and surfing internet.” The Guardian. Aug. 1, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/01/edward-snowden-airport-reading.
183 Felgenhauer, Pavel. “Russian Intelligence Intends to Gag Snowden and Keep Him in Russia.” The Jamestown Foundation. July 18, 2013. http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=41139&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=ff9ec857407acb4097be21d8aeb7ae1b#.Ue9Y7o0wdT5.
184 Cf. 5.54
185 Cf. 5.183
186 Myers, Steven. “Snowden’s Lawyer Comes With High Profile and Kremlin Ties.” The New York Times. July 27, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/world/europe/snowdens-lawyercomes-with-high-profile-and-kremlin-ties.html?pagewanted=all.
187 Cf. 5.182
188 United Press International. “Obama, Putin discuss Snowden in telephone conversation.” United Press International. July 13, 2013. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/07/13/Obama-Putindiscuss-Snowden-in-telephone-conversation/UPI-85231373736174/.
189 Luhn, Alec. “Edward Snowden plans to stay in Russia, says lawyer.” The Guardian. July 24, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/24/edward-snowden-stay-russia-lawyer.
190 Herszenhorn, David and Steven Myers. “Snowden Gets Novel and Change of Clothes, but No Clearance to Exit Airport.” The New York Times. July 24, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/25/world/europe/snowden.html.
191 Zengerle, Patricia. “U.S. lawmakers want sanctions on any country taking in Snowden.” Reuters. July 25, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/25/us-usa-security-congress-idUSBRE96O18220130725.
192 Cf. 5.190
193 Stanglin, Doug and Kim Hjelmgaard. “Putin warns Snowden not to hurt U.S.-Russian relations.” USA Today. July 17, 2013. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/07/17/putin-snowdenrussia-asylum/2523763/.
CHAPTER 6
1 Trans. Constance Garnett. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2007.
2 Der Spiegel. “‘Prolific Partner’: German Intelligence Used NSA Spy Program.” Der Spiegel. July 20, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-intelligence-agencies-used-nsa-spyingprogram-a-912173.html.
3 Gude, Hubert, et al. “Mass Data: Transfers from Germany Aid US Surveillance.” Der Spiegel. Aug. 5, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/german-intelligence-sends-massive-amounts-ofdata-to-the-nsa-a-914821.html.
4 Cf. 6.3
5 Souza, Leonardo and Raphael Gomide. “Spies of the digital age.” Epoca. July 27, 2013. http://epoca.globo.com/tempo/noticia/2013/07/spiesbdigital-ageb.html.
6 Luhn, Alec. “Edward Snowden passed time in airport reading and surfing internet.” The Guardian. Aug. 1, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/01/edward-snowden-airportreading.
7 WikiLeaks. “Statement on Snowden’s Successful Russian Asylum Bid.” WikiLeaks. Aug. 1, 2013. http://wikileaks.org/Statement-on-Snowden-sSuccessful.html.
8 Mackey, Robert. “The Third Man on Snowden’s Reading List.” The New York Times. July 24, 2013. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/24/the-third-man-on-snowdens-reading-list/.
9 Herszenhorn, David and Steven Myers. “Snowden Gets Novel and Change of Clothes, but No Clearance to Exit Airport.” The New York Times. July 24, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/25/world/europe/snowden.html.
10 Cf. 6.6
11 Hayden, Michael. “Snowden — facts, fictions and fears.” CNN. July 24, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/24/opinion/hayden-snowdenreality/index.html?iid=article_sidebar.
12 Acohido, Byron and Peter Eisle. “Snowden case: How low-level insider could steal from NSA.” USA Today. June 12, 2013. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/11/snowden-nsahacking-privileged-accounts/2412507/.
13 RT. “NSA head: Replace would-be Snowdens with computers to stop future leaks.” RT. Aug. 9, 2013. http://rt.com/usa/nsa-snowdenformer-job-future-257/.
14 Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Declassified Telephone Metadata Collection Documents. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. July 31, 2013. http://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/191-press-releases-2013/908-dni-clapper-declassifies-andreleases-telephone-metadata-collection-documents.
15 Roberts, Dan, et al. “NSA surveillance: anger mounts in Congress at ‘spying on Americans.’” The Guardian. June 11, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/12/anger-mounts-congresstelephone-surveillance-programmes.
16 Savage, Charlie and David Sanger. “Senate Panel Presses N.S.A. on Phone Logs.” The New York Times. July 31, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/01/us/nsasurveillance.html?pagewanted=all.
17 Mimoso, Michael. “NSA Director Defends Surveillance Activities During Tense Black Hat Keynote.” ThreatPost. July 31, 2013. http://threatpost.com/nsa-director-defends-surveillance-activities-during-tenseblack-hat-keynote.
18 Greenwald, Glenn. “XKeyscore: NSA tool collects ‘nearly everything a user does on the internet.’” The Guardian. July 31, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/31/nsa-to
p-secret-programonline-data.
19 Poitras, Laura. “Miranda Detention: ‘Blatant Attack on Press Freedom.’” Der Spiegel. Aug. 26, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/laura-poitras-on-british-attacks-on-press-freedom-and-the-nsa-affair-a918592.html.
20 C-SPAN. “Report Video Issue National Security Agency Data Collection Programs.” C-SPAN. June 18, 2013. http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/AgencyOp.
21 Kiss, Jemima. “Edward Snowden should be put on kill list, joke US intelligence chiefs.” The Guardian. Oct. 3, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/03/edward-snowden-kill-listjoke-us-intelligence-chiefs.
22 Greenwald, Glenn. “Edward Snowden: NSA whistleblower answers reader questions.” The Guardian. June 17, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/17/edward-snowden-nsa-fileswhistleblower.
23 Burnett, Erin. “Senators raise questions on NSA programs.” CNN. July 31, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/bestoftv/2013/07/31/exp-erin-sot-nsa-collecting-phone-records.cnn.html.
24 Fox News Test. “NSA leaker’s father urges son to ‘come home and face this.’” YouTube. June 17, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzVVZOVK3jA.
25 Goldman, T.R. “In the Snowden case, Bruce Fein finds the apex of a long Washington legal career.” The Washington Post. Aug. 11, 2013. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-08-11/lifestyle/41299734_1_edwardsnowden-washington-times-lon-snowden.
26 Fein, Bruce. Letter from Bruce Fein to Eric Holder. CNN. June 28, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2013/06/us/snowden-holder-letter/.
27 Kim, Eun. “Edward Snowden’s father: My son is not a traitor.” Today. June 28, 2013. http://www.today.com/news/edward-snowdens-fathermy-son-not-traitor-6C10480514.
28 AP. “Snowden’s father praises son in open letter.” USA Today. July 2, 2013. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/02/snowdens-father-open-letter/2484251/.
29 Calderone, Michael. “Edward Snowden Says Media Being Misled ‘About My Situation.’” The Huffington Post. Aug. 19, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/15/edward-snowden-mediamisled_n_3764560.html.
30 Fein, Bruce. Letter from Bruce Fein to Edward Snowden. Scribd. July 2, 2013. http://www.scribd.com/doc/151333544/Fein-Snowden-July-2.
31 Gold, Hadas. “Edward Snowden dad letter: Son like Paul Revere.” Politico. July 2, 2013. http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/edwardsnowden-dad-paul-revere-93667.html.
32 Fein, Bruce. “Letter To Obama: Civil Disobedience, Edward J. Snowden, and the Constitution.” Popular Resistance. July 26, 2013. http://www.popularresistance.org/letter-to-obama-civil-disobedience-edwardj-snowden-and-the-constitution/.
33 NBC. “Edward Snowden’s dad: ‘This story is far from done.’” Today. July 26, 2013. http://www.today.com/video/today/52585686#52585686.
34 Hallow, Ralph. “Edward Snowden’s father suggests son’s leaks may be protected by Constitution.” The Washington Times. July 1, 2013. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jul/1/father-fugitive/?page=all.
35 Barakat, Matthew. “Snowden’s father: Son better off now in Russia.” The Big Story. July 26, 2013. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/snowdens-fathercongress-trying-demonize-son.
36 Cooper, Anderson. “Edward Snowden’s father speaks.” CNN. July 29, 2013. http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/29/edward-snowdensfather-speaks/.
37 Post TV. “Snowden’s father: Edward ‘the brilliant one.’” The Washington Post. July 30, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/posttv/video/thefold/snowdens-father-edward-the-brilliant-one/2013/07/30/091e3642-f964-11e2-8e84-c56731a202fb_video.html.
38 Cf. 6.25
39 Loiko, Sergei. “Edward Snowden’s father thanks Putin for protecting son.” Los Angeles Times. July 31, 2013. http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jul/31/world/la-fg-wn-snowden-father-thanks-putin-20130731.
40 Cf. 6.39
41 The White House. “Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney, 8/1/2013.” The White House of the United States. Aug. 1, 2013. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/01/press-briefingpress-secretary-jay-carney-812013.
42 Luhn, Alec. “Edward Snowden plans to stay in Russia, says lawyer.” The Guardian. July 24, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/24/edward-snowden-stay-russia-lawyer.
43 RT. “Russian official slams US for turning down Moscow’s extradition requests.” RT. July 22, 2013. http://rt.com/news/us-russia-extraditionsnowden-418/.
44 RT. “Edward Snowden will ‘build a new life in Russia’: lawyer.” RT. Aug. 2, 2013. http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/edward-snowdenwill-build-a-new-life-in-russia-lawyer-400240.
45 The Kremlin. “Meeting with Gogland 2013 expedition participants.” President of Russia. July 15, 2013. http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/5731.
46 Cf. 6.45
47 CBS News. “Edward Snowden leaves airport after Russia grants asylum, says ‘the law is winning.’” CBS News. Aug. 1, 2013. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57596493/edward-snowden-leavesairport-after-russia-grants-asylum-says-the-law-is-winning/.
48 ITAR-TASS News Agency. “Snowden is in ‘safe place’ waiting for his father to discuss future.” ITAR-TASS News Agency. Aug. 31, 2013. http://www.itar-tass.com/en/c32/859415.html.
49 Alpert, Lukas. “Putin Admits Early Snowden Contact.” The Wall Street Journal. Sept. 4, 2013. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323623304579054890606102138.
50 Risen, James. “Snowden Says He Took No Secret Files to Russia.” The New York Times. Oct. 17, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/18/world/snowden-says-he-took-no-secret-files-to-russia.html.
51 Mackey, Robert. “Excerpts From Snowden’s Letter Requesting Asylum in Ecuador.” The New York Times. June 24, 2013. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/24/excerpts-from-snowdens-letterrequesting-asylum-in-ecuador/?_r=0.
52 Snowden, Edward. Letter from Edward Snowden to the Republic of Nicaragua. Cdn.nuevaya.com.ni. June 30, 2013. http://cdn.nuevaya.com.ni/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Snowden_letter.jpg.
53 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. “Chapter Six: Resettlement Categories.” The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Dec. 16, 2013. http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDFViewer.html?docid=3d464e842&query=threat%20of%20death%20asylum.
54 Shane, Scott. “Ex-Contractor Is Charged in Leaks on N.S.A. Surveillance.” The New York Times. June 21, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/us/snowden-espionageact.html?pagewanted=all.
55 The Heritage Foundation. “Punishment of Treason.” The Heritage Foundation. Dec. 16, 2013. http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/3/essays/120/punishment-of-treason.
56 Cf. 6.54
57 Cf. 6.51
58 Castillo, Mariano. “U.S. will not seek death penalty for Snowden, attorney general says.” CNN. July 27, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/26/us/nsa-snowden/.
59 Holder, Eric. Letter from Eric Holder to Alexander Konovalov. CBS News. July 23, 2013. http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/AttorneyGenral-letter-to-Russian-Justice-Minister.pdf.
60 Herszenhorn, David. “Leaker Files for Asylum to Remain in Russia.” The New York Times. July 16, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/17/world/europe/snowden-submits-application-for-asylum-inrussia.html?_r=3&.
61 RT. “Snowden plans to settle and work in Russia – lawyer to RT.” RT. July 23, 2013. http://rt.com/news/snowden-work-russia-lawyer-482/.
62 Bercovitch, Sascha. “Maduro: Venezuela Will Offer Snowden Political Asylum.” Venezuelanalysis.com. July 5, 2013. http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/9812.
63 Gabbatt, Adam. “US will not seek death penalty for Edward Snowden, Holder tells Russia.” The Guardian. July 26, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/26/us-no-death-penaltyedward-snowden-russia.
64 Cf. 6.9
65 Cf. 6.42
66 Cf. 6.42
67 Owen, Paul and Adam Gabbatt. “Edward Snowden leaves airport: ‘In the end the law is winning’ – as it happened.” The Guardian. Aug. 1, 2013. http://www.theguardian.co
m/world/2013/aug/01/edward-snowdenleaves-moscow-airport-live.
68 Gorst, Isabel and Joby Warrick. “Snowden granted asylum in Russia, leaves Moscow airport.” The Washington Post. Aug. 1, 2013. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-08-01/world/40934730_1_edwardsnowden-moscow-airport-sheremetyevo-international-airport.
69 Heritage, Timothy and Steve Holland. “Russia gives Snowden asylum, Obama-Putin summit in doubt.” Reuters. Aug. 1, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/01/us-usa-security-snowden-russiaidUSBRE9700N120130801.
70 Alpert, Lukas. “Divisions Widen Among Snowden’s Supporters.” The Wall Street Journal. Aug. 15, 2013. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324823804579014611497378326.html.
71 WikiLeaks. Organization’s Twitter account. Twitter. Aug. 1, 2013. https://twitter.com/wikileaks/statuses/362906823411511296.
72 WikiLeaks. Organization’s Twitter account & Keyword Search results. WikiLeaks. Dec. 16, 2013. https://twitter.com/search?q=%22snowden%22%20from%3Awikileaks&src=typd.
73 Cf. 6.7
74 RT. “Snowden granted 1-year asylum in Russia, leaves airport (PHOTOS).” RT. Aug. 1, 2013. http://rt.com/news/snowden-entrypapers-russia-902/.
75 Cf. 6.29
76 Cf. 6.7
77 Agence France Presse. “Snowden’s Russian Lawyer: US Leaker Wears Disguises And ‘I Am His Only Link With The Outside World.’” Business Insider. Sept. 23, 2013. http://www.businessinsider.com/snowdensrussian-lawyer-he-wears-disguises-2013-9.
CHAPTER 7
1 Snowden, Edward. “Statement by Edward Snowden to human rights groups at Moscow’s Sheremetyevo airport.” WikiLeaks. July 12, 2013. http://wikileaks.org/Statement-by-Edward-Snowden-to.html.
2 Baker, Peter. “Obama May Cancel Moscow Trip as Tensions Build Over Leaker.” The New York Times. July 18, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/19/world/europe/moscow-trip-for-obama-may-be-off-as-snowden-tensions-build.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
3 The White House. “Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney, 8/1/2013.” The White House of the United States. Aug. 1, 2013. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/01/press-briefing-press-secretary-jay-carney-812013.
The Edward Snowden Affair Page 38
