Scenes from Prehistoric Life
Page 32
6 It resulted in my book: Farmers in Prehistoric Britain (The History Press, Stroud, 1998).
7 Ibid., pp. 98–100.
8 issuu.com/hspubs/docs/tan-30---scottish-turf-construction--june-06--plu-
9 John Coles, Archaeology by Experiment (Hutchinson, London, 1973), pp. 63–4. Coles also illustrates the experimental burning of the house at Roskilde, Denmark (plate 5).
10 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackhouse
11 www.slowfood.org.uk/ff-products/bloaters/
12 For many years we have had an account with Alfred Enderby of Grimsby, where every Christmas we buy our smoked salmon, haddock – among other delicacies. alfredenderby.co.uk/
13 Gerhard Bersu, ‘Excavations at Little Woodbury, Wiltshire. Part 1: The Settlement Revealed by Excavation’. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Vol. 6, pt. 1, 1940, pp. 30–111.
14 Little Butser is still a popular visitor attraction. Go to: www.butserancientfarm.co.uk/about-us
15 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_in_the_Past_(TV_series)
Scene 11
1 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_hill_(salt_making)
2 D. A. Gurney, ‘Evidence of Bronze Age Salt Production at Northey, Peterborough’, Northamptonshire Archaeology, vol. 15, 1980, pp. 1–11.
3 F. Pryor, Excavations at Fengate, Peterborough, England: The Third Report (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, and Northamptonshire Archaeological Society, 1980), fig. 13, nos. 1–3, pp. 18–21.
4 M. Fulford, T. Champion and A. Long (eds.), England’s Coastal Heritage: A Survey for English Heritage and the RCHME (English Heritage, London, 1997), chapter 2, pp. 25–49. For the Fens/Lincolnshire coast, see M. Waller, The Fenland Project, Number 9: Flandrian Environmental Change in Fenland, East Anglian Archaeology Report No. 70 (Cambridgeshire Archaeological Committee, Cambridge, 1994).
5 See my book The Fens: Discovering England’s Ancient Depths (Head of Zeus, London, 2019), chapter 16, pp. 337–49.
6 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallstatt
7 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_retreat
8 Colin Palmer-Brown, ‘Bronze Age salt production at Tetney’, Current Archaeology, No. 136, 1993, pp. 143–5.
9 David Hall and John Coles, Fenland Survey: An Essay in Landscape and Persistence (English Heritage, London, 1994).
10 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Spring
11 historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/guide-to-historic-environment-records-england/
12 The following section draws heavily on T. Lane and E. L. Morris (eds.), A Millennium of Saltmaking: Prehistoric and Romano-British Salt Production in the Fenland (Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire, 2001).
13 Lane and Morris (eds.), A Millennium of Saltmaking, Fig 22, p. 56.
14 Ibid., pp. 13–97.
15 Ibid., p. 61.
16 For the nature reserve go to: www.lincstrust.org.uk/nature-reserves/willow-tree-fen. For the South Drove site, see T. Lane, Mineral from the Marshes: Coastal Salt-making in Lincolnshire (Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire, Heckington, 2018), pp. 79–80, with refs.
Scene 12
1 See, for example, S. Buteux and H. Chapman, Where Rivers Meet: The Archaeology of Catholme and the Trent-Tame Confluence, Research Report 161 (Council for British Archaeology, York, 2009).
2 See my recent book The Fens: Discovering England’s Ancient Depths (Head of Zeus, London, 2019).
3 For a superb review of the Fens in early historic times, see S. Oosthuizen, The Anglo-Saxon Fenland (Windgather Press, Oxford, 2017).
4 www.archaeology.co.uk/
5 Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England), Peterborough New Town: A Survey of the Antiquities in the Areas of Development (H.M.S.O., London, 1969).
6 The book that helped me revise my views is by C. Evans, Fengate Revisited: Further Fen-edge Excavations, Bronze Age Fieldsystems & Settlement and the Wyman Abbott/Leeds Archives (Cambridge Archaeological Unit and Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2009), chapters 2 and 3.
7 I discuss this in The Making of the British Landscape (Penguin Books, London, 2010), pp. 500–5.
8 I discuss the Swiss Lakes and other early ‘lake village’ finds in Britain BC (HarperCollins, London, 2003), pp. 395–405, with refs.
9 Research is still continuing today. See, for example: www.swissinfo.ch/eng/rediscovering-the-legend-of-the-lake-dwellers/1288560
10 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Lectures
11 R. Munro, The Lake Dwellings of Europe: Being the Rhind Lectures in Archaeology for 1888 (Cassell and Co., London, 1890).
12 I discuss this in greater length in Home: A Time Traveller’s Tales from British Prehistory (Penguin Books, London, 2014).
13 A good example of a book targeted at a new, wider, popular audience for history is Bruce Bernard (ed.), Century: One Hundred Years of Human Progress, Regression, Suffering and Hope (Phaidon Press, London and New York, 1999).
14 www.crannog.co.uk/
15 N. Dixon, ‘Oakbank Crannog’, Current Archaeology, No. 90, 1984, pp. 217–20.
16 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1982.tb00067.x
17 In the event we decided to use a picture of another, unexcavated and unreconstructed Loch Tay crannog at Spry Island: Pryor, The Making of the British Landscape, p. 153.
18 D. G. Coombs, ‘Chapter 10: Metalwork’, p. 264, fig. 10.5, in F. Pryor, The Flag Fen Basin: Archaeology and Environment of a Fenland Landscape (English Heritage, Swindon, 2001).
19 ‘Bridging the Gap: Exploring Evidence for Musical Instruments in Iron Age Scotland’, Current Archaeology, No. 362, 2020, pp. 42–5.
20 www.high-pasture-cave.org/
21 ‘First Ever Iron Age Burial on Skye’, Current Archaeology, No. 201, 2006, p. 456.
22 ‘Skye’s Find of Note’, Current Archaeology, No. 267, 2012, p. 10.
23 G. Lawson, ‘The Lyre’, in L. Blackmore, I. Blair, S. Hirst and C. Scull (eds.), The Prittlewell Princely Burial: Excavations at Priory Crescent, Southend-on-Sea, Essex, 2003. MOLA Monographs, 73 (Museum of London, 2019), pp. 231–48 and 397–402.
24 S. Piggott, ‘The Carnyx in Early Iron Age Britain’. The Antiquaries Journal, vol. 39, 1959, pp. 19–32.
Scene 13
1 M. Knight, R. Ballantyne, I. Robinson Zeki and D. Gibson, ‘The Must Farm Pile-dwelling Settlement’, Antiquity, vol. 93, Issue 369, June 2019, pp. 645–63.
2 They have an excellent website: www.mustfarm.com/
3 A. Mudd and B. Pears, Bronze Age Field System at Tower’s Fen, Thorney, Peterborough: Excavations at ‘Thorney Borrow Pit’ 2004–2005, British Archaeological Reports British Series, No. 471 (Archaeopress, Oxford, 2008).
4 F. Pryor, Excavation at Fengate, Peterborough, England: The Second Report (feature W17) (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, 1978), pp. 39–44.
5 M. Taylor, ‘Early Iron Age Stake with Dovetail Housing Joint from F1551, Cat’s Water Subsite, Fengate’, in F. Pryor, Excavation at Fengate, Peterborough, England: The Fourth Report (Northampton and Toronto), pp. 175–6.
6 For example, the timber-built Haddenham long barrow. C. J. Evans and I. R. Hodder, A Woodland Archaeology: Neolithic Sites at Haddenham (McDonald Institute Monographs, Cambridge, 2006).
7 The wheel and associated artefacts are fully described by Maisie Taylor in F. Pryor, The Flag Fen Basin: Archaeology and Environment of a Fenland Landscape (English Heritage, Swindon, 2001), chapter 7, pp. 213–18. It is currently on display in the on-site museum at Flag Fen, Peterborough.
8 www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/most-complete-bronze-age-wheel-to-date-found-at-must-farm-near-peterborough
9 F. Pryor, Farmers in Prehistoric Britain (Tempus Books, Stroud, 2006), pp. 116–17; colour plates 11 and 12.
Scene 14
1 Wheeler’s autobiography, Still Digging (Michael Joseph, London, 1955), is highly entertaining, but for a subtler, more nuanced biography, written by a close friend, see Jacquetta Hawkes, Mortimer Wheeler: Adventurer in Archaeology (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1982). https://www.amazon.co.uk/Mortimer-Wheeler-Archaeology-Jacquetta-Hawk
es/dp/0297780565.
2 trowelblazers.com/raising-horizons-fervent-about-the-field/
3 R. E. M. Wheeler, Maiden Castle, Dorset. Society of Antiquaries Research Report, No. 12 (London, 1943).
4 T. Darvil, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002), p. 418.
5 www.speel.me.uk/sculptlondon/boadiceawestminsterbr.htm
6 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Richmond
7 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danebury
8 Cunliffe’s Danebury excavations have been fully published in great detail. For a useful summary of the interior layout, see B. Cunliffe, Iron Age Communities in Britain, 3rd ed. (Routledge, London, 1991), pp. 391–4, with refs.
9 N. M. Sharples, Maiden Castle: Excavations and Field Survey 1985–6 (Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England, London, 1991). Niall Sharples also wrote a more accessible account of the excavations, The English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle (Batsford Books, London, 1991).
10 For an excellent summary of hillfort development, see Cunliffe, Iron Age Communities in Britain, pp. 378–406.
11 I review the development of hillforts in the landscape in The Making of the British Landscape (Penguin Books, London, 2010), pp. 124–47.
12 The following draws heavily on D. Stewart and M. Russell, ‘Iron Age Interior Design: Mapping the Inside of Dorset’s Hillfort Enclosures’. Current Archaeology, No. 336, 2016, pp. 28–35. D. Stewart and M. Russell, Hillforts and the Durotriges: A Geophysical Survey of Iron Age Dorset (Archaeopress, Oxford, 2017).
13 I discuss this further in Britain BC (HarperCollins, London, 2003), p. 287 and pp. 353–4, with refs.
14 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_That_Man_Again
15 Toby Driver, The Hillforts of Cardigan Bay (Logaston Press, Hereford, 2016).
16 Toby Driver, ‘Commanding the Landscape: The Hillforts of Cardigan Bay’, Current Archaeology, No. 318, 2016, pp. 12–19.
17 C. Catling, ‘The Riddle of the Lake: Llyn Cerrig Bach and Iron Age Anglesey’, Current Archaeology, No. 273, 2012, pp. 26–33.
Scene 15
1 One of my most treasured possessions is a copy of O. G. S. Crawford and A. Keiller, Wessex from the Air (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1928).
2 For Roman fields in the Fens, see C. W. Phillips (ed.), The Fenland in Roman Times, Royal Geographical Society Research Series, No. 5 (London, 1970).
3 J. Taylor, An Atlas of Roman Rural Settlement in England, Research Report No. 151 (Council for British Archaeology, York, 2007).
4 F. Pryor, Excavation at Fengate, Peterborough, England: The Fourth Report (Northampton and Toronto, 1984), pp. 179–96 and 227–30.
5 I discuss the Saxon period and the rise of English as a language in Home: A Time Traveller’s Tales from Britain’s Prehistory (Penguin Books, London, 2014), pp. 283–90, with refs.
6 www.weststow.org/
7 K. Blockley, ‘Canterbury Cathedral’, Current Archaeology, No. 136, October/December, 1993, pp. 124–30.
8 www.hillside.co.uk/arch/cathedral/nave.html
9 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apse
10 For the archaeology of Becket in Canterbury, see N. Cohen, ‘England in Stone: Recounting Recent Research at Canterbury Cathedral’, Current Archaeology, No. 364, July 2020, pp. 44–51.
11 Blockley, ‘Canterbury Cathedral’, p. 129.
12 I describe the Risehill dig in Paths to the Past: Encounters with Britain’s Hidden Landscapes (Penguin Books, London, 2018), chapter 21, pp. 110–14.
13 www.newsteadabbey.org.uk/
14 www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/mount-grace-priory/history-and-stories/carthusian-life/
15 www.countrylife.co.uk/property/guides-advice/northamptonshire-county-guide-163716
16 D. Parsons and D. Sutherland, The Anglo-Saxon Church of Brixworth, Northamptonshire: Survey, Excavation and Analysis, 1972–2010 (Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2013).
About the Author
Francis Pryor is one of Britain’s most distinguished living archaeologists, the excavator of Flag Fen and a sheep farmer. He is the author of seventeen books including The Fens (a Radio 4 Book of the Week), Stonehenge, Flag Fen, Britain BC, Britain AD, and The Making of the British Landscape.
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