Empires of the Mind
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40 Michael Dewar, The British Army in Northern Ireland (London: Arms and Armour Press, 1985), 27–8.
41 Tariq Ali, The Coming British Revolution (London: Jonathan Cape, 1972), 229.
42 Speech in Belfast, 2 June 1972, cited in Paul Corthorn, ‘Enoch Powell: Ulster Unionism and the British Nation’, Journal of British Studies, 51/4 (2012), 970.
43 Thomas G. Mitchell, Native vs. Settler. Ethnic Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland and South Africa (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000), 155–7.
44 Harold Wilson, The Labour Government, 1964–1970. A Personal Record (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971), 445.
45 Alun Chalfont, The Shadow of my Hand (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), 144–5; see also Wilson, Labour Government, 445.
46 David Reynolds, Britannia Overruled. British Power and World Power in the Twentieth Century (London and New York: Longman, 1991), 261.
47 François Mitterand, Réflexions sur la politique extérieure de la France (Paris: Fayard, 1988), 317.
48 See above, p. 64–5.
49 Jean-Pierre Cot, A l’Épreuve du pouvoir. Le tiers-mondisme, pourquoi faire? (Paris: Seuil, 1984), 12–86.
50 Ezequiel Mercau, ‘The War of the British Worlds: The Anglo-Argentines and the Falklands’, Journal of British Studies, 55/1 (2016), 145–68.
51 Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. Commons, 3 Apr. 1982, 633–4, 641; D. George Boyce, The Falklands War (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 46, 59.
52 Mark Connelly, We Can Take It! Britain and the Memory of the Second World War (Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2004), 273–7.
53 James Aulich, ‘Introduction’ and ‘Wildlife in the South Atlantic: Graphic Satire, Patriotism and the Fourth Estate’, in James Aulich (ed.), Framing the Falklands War. Nationhood, Culture and Identity (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1992), 1–12, 84–116.
54 www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105032.
55 Boyce, The Falklands War, 172, 183; Ian McEwan, The Ploughman’s Lunch (London: Methuen, 1985), V, 30.
56 Cot, A l’Épreuve, 12.
57 Gilles Gaetner, L’Argent facile. Dictionnaire de la corruption en France (Paris: Stock, 1992), 278.
58 Robert Aldrich and John Connell, ‘Remnants of Empire: France’s Overseas Departments and Territories’, in Aldrich and Connell (eds.), France in World Politics (London: Routledge, 1989), 155–69; Le Monde, 6 and 7 May 1988.
59 Robert Gildea, The Past in French History (New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 1994), 60; Stephen Laurence Kaplan, Farewell, Revolution. The Historians’ Feud, France, 1789/1989 (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 1995), 302–30.
60 Richard Kohl (ed.), Globalisation, Poverty and Inequality (Paris: OECD, 2003), 83–4; Giuliano Garavini, After Empires. European Integration, Decolonization, and the Challenge from the Global South, 1957–1986 (Oxford University Press, 2012), 2–3, 242–3.
61 Edwin Williamson, The Penguin History of Latin America (London: Penguin, 1992), 480.
62 Sarah Babb, Behind the Development Banks. Washington Politics, World Poverty and the Wealth of Nations (University of Chicago Press, 2009), 127–35; Ray Kiely, The Clash of Globalisations. Neo-Liberalism, the Third Way and Anti-Globalisation (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 63–78; Jürgen Osterhammel and Niels P. Petersson, Globalization. A Short History (Princeton University Press, 2005), 122–8; Ngaire Woods, The Globalizers. The IMF, the World Bank and their Borrowers (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2006), 38–68; Garavini, After Empires, 208–51.
63 Kohl (ed.), Globalization, Poverty and Inequality, 46–67; Alex MacGillivray, A Brief History of Globalization (London: Robinson, 2006), 177–80.
64 Kiely, Clash of Globalisations, 205–8; Nick Higgins, ‘Lessons from the Indigenous: Zapatista Poetics and a Cultural Humanism for the Twenty-First Century’, in Catherine Eschle and Bice Maiguashca (eds.), Critical Theories, International Relations and the Anti-Globalisation Movement. The Politics of Global Resistance (London: Routledge, 2005), 86–100.
5 Colonising in Reverse and Colonialist Backlash
1 Louise Bennett, Jamaica Labrish (Jamaica: Sangster’s Bookstores, 1966), 179–80. ‘Gwine’ means ‘going’.
2 Anna Marie Smith, The New Right Discourse on Race and Sexuality. Britain, 1968–1990 (Cambridge University Press, 1994), 146.
3 Enda Delaney, The Irish in Post-War Britain (Oxford University Press, 2007), 17.
4 Stephen Castles and Godula Kosack, Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe (London: Oxford University Press and Institute of Race Relations, 1973), 29–30; D. Kay and R. Miles, Refugees or Migrant Workers? European Volunteer Workers in Britain 1946–1951 (London: Routledge, 1992).
5 Richard Cavendish, ‘Arrival of the SS Empire Windrush’, History Today, 48/6 (1998).
6 Manchester Guardian, 2 Sept. 1952, and Daily Telegraph, 26 Aug. 1958, cited by Wendy Webster, Englishness and Empire, 1939–1965 (Oxford University Press, 2005), 165.
7 Stuart Hall with Bill Schwarz, Familiar Stranger. A Life between Two Islands (London: Allen Lane, 2017), 190–1.
8 Hall with Schwarz, Familiar Stranger, 192.
9 Randall Hansen, Citizenship and Immigration in Post-War Britain: the Institutional Origins of a Multicultural Nation (Oxford University Press, 2000), 35–61.
10 Claire Alexander, Joya Chatterji and Annu Jalais, The Bengal Diaspora. Rethinking Muslim Migration (London and New York: Routledge, 2015), 57–73, 228.
11 John Rex and Sally Tomlinson, Colonial Immigrants in a British City (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979), 74–7.
12 Alexander et al., Bengal Diaspora, 106–17, 226–7.
13 Simon Jenkins and Victoria Randall, Here to Live. A Study of Race Relations in an English Town (London: Runneymde Trust, 1971), 10–11, 28, 77.
14 Jenkins and Randall, Here to Live, 12.
15 Jenkins and Randall, Here to Live, 17–19.
16 Klim McPherson and Julia Gaitskell, Immigrants and Employment: Two Case Studies in East London and in Croydon (London: Institute of Race Relations, 1969), 24–6.
17 McPherson and Gaitskell, Immigrants and Employment, 53, 70.
18 David Steel, No Entry. The Background and Implications of the Commonwealth Immigrations Act, 1968 (London: Hurst & Co, 1969), 26–7, 35–6.
19 Daily Telegraph, 7 Aug. 1967, cited by Steel, No Entry, 132.
20 Paul Foot, Immigration and Race in British Politics (London: Penguin, 1965), 26–35, 50–4.
21 Anthony Barnett, The Lure of Greatness. England’s Brexit and America’s Trump (London: Unbound, 2017), 122–3.
22 Cited by John Rutherford, Forever England. Reflections on Masculinity and Empire (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1997), 124–5; John Wood, A Nation Not Afraid. The Thinking of Enoch Powell (London: Batsford, 1965), 24–9.
23 Cited by Camilla Schofield, Enoch Powell and the Making of Postcolonial Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2013), 218.
24 Enoch Powell, Freedom and Reality, ed. John Wood (London: Batsford, 1969), 217–18.
25 Cited by Schofield, Enoch Powell, 243.
26 Cited by Schofield, Enoch Powell, 227.
27 Dipak Nandy, ‘Introductory Note’ in Augustine John, Race in the Inner City. A Report from Handsworth, Birmingham (London: Runneymede Trust, 1972), 7.
28 Derek Humphrey and Augustine John, Because They’re Black (London: Penguin, 1970), 48–9.
29 Humphrey and John, Because They’re Black, 52.
30 Humphrey and John, Because They’re Black, 51; Trevor Huddleston, Local Ministry in Urban and Industrial Areas (London and Oxford: Mowbrays, 1972), 172.
31 Alain Girard and Jean Stoetzel, Français et immigrés I. L’attitude française (Paris: PUF, 1953), 18.
32 Castles and Kosack, Immigrant Workers, 32–3.
33 Alain Girard and Jean Stoetzel, Français et immigrés II. Nouveaux documents (Paris: PUF, 1954), 19–20.
34 Girard and Stoetzel, Français et immigrés I, 133–6.
&nbs
p; 35 Girard and Stoetzel, Français et immigrés II, 106–7.
36 Pascal Blanchard, Sandrine Lemaire and Nicolas Bancel (eds.), Culture coloniale en France. De la Révolution française à nos jours (Paris: CNRS/Autrement, 2008), 463.
37 See above, p. 102.
38 Tom Charbit, Les Harkis (Paris: La Découverte, 2006).
39 Emmanuelle Comtat, Les Pieds-noirs et politique. Quarante ans après le retour (Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 2009), 78–139; Benjamin Stora with Alexis Jenni, Les Mémoires dangereuses, suivi d’une nouvelle édition de Transfert d’une mémoire (Paris: Albin Michel, 2016), 83.
40 Benjamin Stora, La Dernière Génération d’Octobre (Paris: Stock, 2003).
41 Interview with Jean-Pierre Le Dantec, recorded by Robert Gildea, Paris, 24 Apr. 2007, cited in Robert Gildea, James Mark and Niek Pas, ‘European Radicals and the “Third World”: Imagined Solidarities and Radical Networks, 1958–1973’, Cultural and Social History, 8/4 (2011), 455. See also Christophe Bourseiller, Les Maoistes (Paris: Plon, 2007) 110–14; Richard Wolin, The Wind from the East. French Intellectuals, the Cultural Revolution and the Legacy of the 1960s (Princeton University Press, 2010), 109–41.
42 John Gerassi (ed.), Venceremos. The Speeches and Writings of Ernesto Che Guevara (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968), 420–2.
43 Robert Gildea, James Mark and Annette Warring (eds.), Europe’s 1968. Voices of Revolt (Oxford University Press, 2013), 111.
44 Gildea et al. (eds.), Europe’s 1968, 120. See also Alain Geismar, Serge July and Erlyne Morane, Vers la Guerre civile (Paris: Éditions et publications premières, 1969) and Alain Geismar, Pourquoi nous combattons (Paris: Maspéro, 1970).
45 Génériques. Fonds Bouziri. 1. Comités Palestine, ‘Bilan des Comités de Soutien à la Révolution Palestinien dans la région parisienne’, Nov. 1970 (9pp.).
46 Bibliothèque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine [BDIC] F∆ Rés 576/5/9/2, ‘Bilan de la Campagne Djellali’ (13 pp.); Génériques. Fonds Bouziri. 1. Comités Palestine, ‘Où en sont les comités Palestine depuis la champagne anti-racists sur Djellali’ (10pp.).
47 Sans Frontière, 12, 22 Apr. 1980, 16.
48 BDIC F∆ 576/5/8, Secours Rouge no. 2, Feb. 1972.
49 Génériques. Fonds Bouziri 3, ‘Pamphlet of Comité des residents du foyer Sonacotra, avenue Romain Rolland, Saint-Denis’, 13 Sept. 1975.
50 F. Cornu, ‘L’ordre regne à Grasse’, Le Monde 25–26 Juin 1973, cited by Yvan Gastaut, ‘La Flambe raciste de 1973 en France’, Revue européenne de migrations internationales, 9/2 (1993), 63.
51 Jean Raspail, Le Camp des Saints [1973] (Paris: Robert Laffont, 2011).
52 G. Domenach, Le Meridional, 26 Aug. 1973, cited by Gastaut, ‘La Flambe raciste de 1973 en France’, 65; Daniel A. Gordon, Immigrants and Intellectuals. May ’68 and the Rise of Anti-Racism in France (Pontypool: Merlin Press, 2012), 145–6.
53 See above, p. 100.
54 Le Monde, 18 Dec. 1973, cited by Gastaut, ‘La Flambe raciste de 1973 en France’, 67. See also Neil MacMaster, Colonial Migrants and Racism. Algerians in France, 1900–1962 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997), 212–13.
55 Georges Tapinos, ‘Pour une introduction au débat contemporain’, in Yves Lequin (ed.), La Mosaïque France. Histoire des Étrangers et de l’Immigration (Paris: Larousse, 1988), 429–36.
56 John Belchem, Before the Windrush. Race Relations in 20th-Century Liverpool (Liverpool University Press, 2014), 217.
57 Jean-Marc Terrasse, Génération beur (Paris: Plon, 1989), 85.
58 John, Race in the Inner City, 19.
59 Timeri Murari, The New Savages (London: Macmillan, 1975).
60 Leslie George Scarman, The Brixton Disorders, 10–12 April 1981. Report of an Inquiry (London: HMSO, 1986), 10.
61 Azouz Begag, Le Gone de Chaâba (Paris: Seuil, 1986), 224.
62 Terrasse, Génération beur, 133–5.
63 Toumi Djaïdja, La Marche pour l’égalité. Une histoire dans l’histoire (Paris: L’aube, 2013), 18, 24–7.
64 Werner Glinga, Legacy of Empire. A Journey through British Society (Manchester University Press, 1986), 122.
65 Linton Kwesi Johnson, Selected Poems (London: Penguin, 2006), 40.
66 P. J. Waller, ‘The Riots in Toxteth, Liverpool: A Survey’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 9/3 (1981), 344–53; Martin Kettle and Lucy Hodges, Uprising! Police, the People and the Riots in Britain’s Cities (London: Pan, 1982).
67 Scarman, The Brixton Disorders, 68, 73.
68 Glinga, Legacy of Empire, 140.
69 www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104989.
70 Salman Rushdie, ‘The New Empire within Britain’ [1982], in Imaginary Homelands. Essays and Criticism 1981–1991 (London: Granta/Viking, 1991), 131.
71 Education for All. The Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Education of Children from Ethnic Minority Groups (London: HMSO, 1985), 769. www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/swann/swann1985.html
72 Devla Murphy, Tales from Two Cities. Travel of Another Sort (London: John Murray, 1987), 103–42.
73 Djaïdja, La Marche pour l’égalité, 29, 43–54.
74 Robert Gildea and Andrew Tompkins, ‘The Transnational in the Local: The Larzac Plateau as a Site of Transnational Activism since 1970’, Journal of Contemporary History, 50/3 (2015), 581–605.
75 Djaïdja, La Marche pour l’égalité, 64–97.
76 Robert Gildea, France since 1945 (Oxford University Press, 2002), 168–9.
77 Jean-Marie Le Pen, Les Français d’abord (Paris: Éditions Carrère-Michel Lafon, 1984), 239.
78 Le Pen, Les Français d’abord, 99–102.
79 James Shields, The Extreme Right in France. From Pétain to Le Pen (London: Routledge, 2007), 193–6.
80 Pierre Favier and Michel Martin-Roland, La Décennie Mitterrand 2. Les Épreuves (Paris: Seuil, 1991), 581.
81 Alain Griotteray, Les Immigrés. Le choc (Paris: Plon, 1984), 127–8, 145.
82 Olivier Milza, Les Français devant l’immigration (Brussels: Complexe, 1988), 179.
83 Commission de la Nationalité, Être Français, aujourd’hui et demain. Rapport de la Commission de la nationalité, 22 juin 1987–7 janvier 1988, présenté par Marceau Long (2 vols., Paris: Commission de la nationalité, 1988), I, 357, 502–3.
6 Europe: In or Out?
1 Macmillan to Menzies, 8 Feb. 1962, cited by Stuart Ward, Australia and the British Embrace. The Demise of the Imperial Ideal (Melbourne University Press, 2001), 152.
2 See above, pp. 85–6.
3 Giuliano Garavini, After Empires. European Integration, Decolonization, and the Challenge from the Global South, 1857–1986 (Oxford University Press, 2012), 47–9.
4 Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon, Continental Drift. Britain and Europe from the End of Empire to the Rise of Euroscepticism (Cambridge University Press, 2016), 265–6.
5 Grob-Fitzgibbon, Continental Drift, 80.
6 Alain Peyrefitte, C’était de Gaulle II (Paris: Fayard, 1997), 84–6.
7 Piers Ludlow, Dealing with Britain. The Six and the First UK Application to the EEC (Cambridge University Press, 1997), 198.
8 Harold Macmillan, At the End of the Day, 1961–1963 (London: Macmillan, 1973), 366.
9 Ludlow, Dealing with Britain, 207–8.
10 Piers Ludlow, The European Community and the Crises of the 1960s. Negotiating the Gaullist Challenge (London and New York: Routledge, 2006), 138.
11 Georges Pompidou, Entretiens et Discours, 1968–1973 (Paris: Plon, 1975), II, 127.
12 Grob-Fitzgibbon, Continental Drift, 361.
13 Quoted by Camilla Schofield, Enoch Powell and the Making of Postcolonial Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2013), 300.
14 The Sun, 10 Mar. 1975, quoted by Robert Saunders, Yes to Europe! The 1975 Referendum and Seventies Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2018), 263.
15 Speech at Sidcup, 4 June 1975, quoted by Saunders, Yes to Europe!, 240.
16 The S
un, 7 June 1975, quoted by Saunders, Yes to Europe!, 364.
17 Grob-Fitzgibbon, Continental Drift, 398.
18 Le Monde, 25 Sept. 1984.
19 Jacques Delors with Jean-Louis Arnaud, Mémoires (Paris: Plon, 2004), 41.
20 Jacques Delors and Clisthène, La France par l’Europe (Paris: Grasset, 1988), 263.