A Pepys of Mongul India (1653-1708)

by Niccolao Manucci

  Our patrician was offended at this act, and on his return home he reported it to me. I did not know what else to say to him than that we must have patience. The following day he went back to the court, and wasted his time seated there for over three hours. Finally the chief physician accosted him by asking him whether he knew what thing God was. At such a demand Legrenzi was stupefied, and made no sort of answer. By this request he understood that he had received his dismissal, and his joy was turned into sadness. Thus he went back the way he came with .lamentations over his strange fate. He was well received, and appointed again to the place that he had quitted. Mr. Protazio remained with me, having no money to pay for his journey. After a

  year, however, he started, and I helped him so far as 1 could, and I heard no more of him.

  I now state what happened to me. On December 15, in the year 1706, it was the pleasure of the Divine Power to remove from this world my wife, with whom I had lived more than twenty years. The grief I underwent at that melancholy moment I neither know how to, nor ought I to, recount. All I will say is that it was the more profound for never having been experienced before. But, just as it appears to be the way of the world that sad events always come in company, and are never solitary, on the 2Qth of the same month Monsieur Martin died; he was the Governor of Pondicherry, nowadays called Fort St. Louis. By this second death I was plunged into nearly the same grief. He had been very much my friend, my true and ancient friend, and I had received from him great—very great— kindness, civility, and honour.

  Still, in spite of all these misfortunes, I was well able to console myself by placing reliance on the Divine Will. 1

  1 There are no further personal details in the original MS., which closes with a lengthy and detailed account of disputes between the Jesuits and Capuchins at Pondicherry. We have no further trace of Manucci at Madras or Pondicherry, and only slight evidence of his death in India in 1717 (see Introduction).

  'Abbas II, Shah of Persia, 9,10,11, 12, 14, 16,20; gives banquet sin honour of Lord Bellomont, 11, 14, 15, 20 ; parades his cavalry in honour of Lord Bellomont, 16 ; and the Island of Ormuz, 27 ; and the eunuch Daulat,

  159

  Abu.l Hasan, King of Gulkandah, and Manucci, 193, 194, 195 ; and Shah 'Alam, 194, 196 Agrah, Aurangzeb and Murad

  Bakhsh arrive in, 73 Agrah, Bellomont at, 36 ; Bello-mont's remains removed to, 37

  Agrah, Dara and his army leave, 53. 54 > 55 J directed to retreat

  _ to, 58 ; takes flight to, 69

  Agrah, English factory at, 36, 38

  Agrah, Manucci at, v., 36, 124, 141, 163, 164; takes flight to, 71 ; tries to leave, 72 ; has to remain in, 73 ; leaves in disguise, 74; starts for, no

  Agrah, Shaistah Khan, appointed governor of, 74

  Agrah, references, 33, 87

  Aguada, fort at Goa, 179

  Ahmad, Khwajah, sent as envoy to Da,ud Khan, Panni, 251, 252

  Ahmadabad, Dara takes possession, of, 86

  Ahmadnagar, Manucci accompanies Shah 'Alam to, vi; Shah 'Alam and his force arrive at, 190

  Akbar, King, ordered fortress to be built at Allahabad, 112

  Akbar, Prince, son of Aurangzeb, asks permission to build a ship on the river of Goa, 166, 167 ; builds the ship and has it re-

  moved to Vingorla, 168 ; a watch set to prevent his leaving Vingorla, 169 ; writes for Sambha Ji to the Viceroy of Goa, 171 ; at Vingorla, 175

  Albert, Mons., doctor at Pondi-cherry, 267

  Aleppo, 287

  Alexander the Great, 25

  Algarves (a province of Portugal), 184

  'Ali Mardan Khan, who made over Qandahar to Shahjahan, 159

  'All, tomb of, at Isfahan, 23

  Allahabad, account of fortress and rivers at, 112, 113 ; Manucci at, 112, 113, 114, 124

  AllahwirdI Khan, at the battle of Khajwah, 104 ; 274

  Almeda, Juan Dias d', 230

  Alreu, Joao Rodrigues de, prevents Manucci's marriage with the Pathan widow, 158, 159

  Alvor, Count of. See Tavora, Francisco de

  Amanat Khan, at Lahor, 150, 151

  Andrada, Andre da, Portuguese renegade at Masqat, visits Goa,

  137

  Apollo, the god, 36 Arabia, 28, 184

  Ararat, the mountain called, 6, 7 Aras, the stream called, 6 Arfaxad, King of the Medes, 7 Aristotle, 160 Arkat, Da,ud Khan, Panni, at,

  236 ; leaves for Madras, 251 Arkat, references, 247, 250 Armenians: at Smyrna, 2 ; merchants with Lord Bellomont's caravan, 3,7; at Erzerum, 5 ; at Erivan, 6; merchants at

  291

  INDEX

  Tabriz, 8 ; Lord Bellomont in debt to, 15 ; at Isfahan, 22 ; at Shiraz, 24 ; merchants at Bur-hanpur, 32 ; musical instruments employed by, 107

  Asad Khan. 249

  Asia Minor; Bellomont and Manucci travel through, v.

  Assam, Mir Jumlah in, 117, 118

  Ataides, Maria de, and the French doctor's son, 268, 269, 270

  Audience-hall of Shahjahan, 42,43

  Augustinians, Portuguese, their church at Isfahan, 23 ; valiant resistance against Sambha Ji, 170

  Aurangabad, Aurangzeb at, 32; Manucci at, 140, 141, 287 ; with Jai Singh at, 129

  Aurangabad, 270

  Aurangzeb: at Aurangabad, 32; prepares to seize the throne, 51 ; stratagems and intrigues, 55, 56 ; his army, 56, 57, 58 ; signal to traitors in Dara's camp, 58, 62 ; advances with his army against Dara, 60; in danger of_ being taken, 65 ; arrives in Agrah, 73 ; communications with Shahjahan, 73 ; succeeds in making a prisoner of Shahjahan, 73, 74 ; starts in pursuit of Dara, 74 ; appoints Shaistah Khan Governor of Agrah, 74 ; makes Murad Bakhsh a prisoner, 74 ; leaves Lahor, 82 ; arrives at Multan, 83 ; tempts Da,ud KJjan with high pay, 84 ; leaves MultSn, 85 ; and the Rajah of Srinagar, 87 ; how he rewarded Jiwan Khan, 97 ; offers to take Manucci into his service, 98 details of march to Kashmir 102 ; the royal kitchen, 103 an early start, 104 ; order of the march, 104; how the route is measured, 105 ; the royal standards, 106 ; Roshan AraBegam and her retinue, 107, 108 ; plan of camp, 108 ; special royal tents, 109; Manucci's aversion to, in ; orders destruction of an idol at Benares, 114; in Kashmir, 124, 125; sendsMahabat Khan to Gujarat, 125 ; orders Mahabat Khan to

  be poisoned, 149; Manucci translates his letter for the viceroy, of Goa, 166 ; orders Shah 'Alam to march towards Goa, 176; at Ahmadnagar, 190 ; M. negotiates with, on behalf of Governor Gyfford, 215 ; and the English, 216 ; sends Da.ud Khan, Panni, to the Karnatik, 232 ; and the English in Madras, 242 ; references, 36, 54. 59. 67, 72, 81, 88, 112, 119, 130, 141,167,169,181, 183,197, 226, 249, 258, 274

  Avicenna, 160

  A'zam, Mir, second envoy sent by Shah 'Alam to the Viceroy of Goa, 177, 178, 179

  A'zam, Sultan, on the march to Kashmir," 106

  'Azamat-ud-daulah, chief minister of Shah'Abbas, 9, 11,12,14,20; interviews with Lord Bellomont, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

  Azevedo, Antonio de, brings news of Dara's defeat to Agrah, 71

  Azevedo, Thome de, physician at Goa, jealous of Manucci, 220, 221

  Azil Can, poisons Diler Khan, 213

  Bahadur Kjian (Mir Baba), advances with Aurangzeb's army, 60 ; sent to patrol roads west of Agrah, 72 ; commands troops sent in pursuit of Dara, 84 ; and the surrender of Bhakkar, 90, 91 ; governor of Allahabad, 114; story of his vain-glorious behaviour, 126 Balasor, the harbour of, 118 Balkh, the envoy from, Manucci doctors a relation of, 99, 100,

  101 ; manners and customs of Uzbak nobles from, 100, 101,

  102 ; the King of, 101 ; the holy man of, story of his madness, 150, 151, 152

  Bandar 'Abbas, 25 ; Manucci and Bellomont at, 26, 27 ; English factory at, 27 ; bad effects of water at, 27, 28

  Bandar 'Abbasi. See Bandar 'Abbas

  Bandar Congo, 138

  Bandora, on Salsette Island, Manucci settles at, vi; resolves

  293

  to retire to, 162 ; arrives at, 163 ; leaves, with A. Machado, 164

  Banquets, given by Shah 'Abbas in honour of Lord Bellomont, 11, 14, 15, 20

&nb
sp; Bardes, taken possession of by Sambha JI, 170, 174 ; the town of, plundered by order of Shah 'Alam, 182 ; the river of, 178, 181, 182 ; reference, 189

  Barqandaz Khan, Manucci's commander, pleased at his rejoining, 77 ; leaves Multan with Dara, 83 ; Manucci hires house belonging to, 142

  Barro, Antonio de, Jesuit, 222

  Basant, Khwajah, in command of boats sent to Bhakkar, 82 ; put in command at Bhakkar, 84 ; at Bhakkar, 86 ; defends Bhakkar against Khalllullah ghan, 87; enraged by letters from Khalllullah Khan, 88 ; his reply to the letters of Khalllullah Khan, 88, 89 ; receives orders from Dara to surrender Bhakkar, 90 ; and Lashkar Khan, governor of Multan, 91 ; and Manucci, at Lahor, 91, 92 ; receives messages from Khalllullah Khan, 92 ; in danger, 93 ; is killed, 94 ; reference, 97

  Bassain, Manucci at, v, 134, 135 ; warns I. Sermento of, 133 ; and the commissary of the Inquisition at, 228

  Bautista, Frey Irao, Father Prior of St. Augustin's at Hugli, Manucci visits, 118, 119, 122; reference, 121

  Begam Sahib, revenues of Surat given to, 31 ; farewell to Dara, 53, 54 ; message from Dara to, 69, 70 ; answer to Dara's message, 70 ; reference, 269

  Begum Sahib. See Begam Sahib.

  Beisao, Luis, assists Manucci to demonstrate European mode of fighting, 128, 129

  Bellomont, Lord, takes Manucci into his service, v, i, 2 ; travels through Asia Minor, v ; Persia, v ; in India, v ; death of, at Hodal, 1656, v, 37 ; at Raguza, 2 ; at Smyrna, 2 ; arrives Brusa, a; departs, 3; at

  Tokat, 3 ; Erzerum, 5 ; at Erivan, 6, 7 ; at Tabriz, 7, 8 ; at Qazwln, 9, 10, n, 12; at Isfahan, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ; interviews with 'Azamat-ud-daulah, 13, 15, 16, 17',' 18, 19 ; haughty behaviour at audience with Shah 'Abbas, 20 ; ill at Shiraz, 24 ; leaves Shiraz, 25 ; at Lar, 25, 26 ; at Bandar 'Abbas, 26, 27 ; at Sindi, 28 ; at Surat, 29, 31 ; supplied with money by Henry Young, 31 ; at Burhanpur, 31, 32, 33 ; at Sironj, 33, 34 ; at Narwar, 35 ; at Gwaliyar, 35, 36 ; at Dholpur, 36 ; at Agrah, 36 ; remains removed to Agrah, 37

  Bellomont, Viscount. See Bellomont, Lord

  Benares, rivers at, 113 ; Manucci at, 114

  Bengal, Manucci's journey by boat to, 116, 117, 118; reference, 268

  Berleu, Mr., 266

  Berlin, Konigliche, Bibliothek at, purchases MS. of Manucci's " Storia," 1887, viii

  Bernier, Fra^ois, Manucci comments on his inaccuracy, no

  Betel leaf. See Pan

  Bezoar stones, 24 ; Manucci makes use of, in treatment, 144

  Bhakkar, fortress of, Dara's army leaves for, 82 ; Dara and his followers arrive at, 84; besieged, 86; the evacuation of, 91 ; references, 50, 98, no, in

  Bhao Singh, Manucci attends, 205

  Bhlma, the river, 138, 140

  Bhiwandl, 134

  Biah, the river, Manucci meets Da.ud Khan at, 76

  Bianco, Jorge, a Genoese merchant, 220

  Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, volume of portraits now in, ix

  Big Mount, Da.ud Khan stays at M.'s house at, 263 ; attack on M.'s house at, 276; M.'s house at, reference, 250

  BIjapur, city of, 134, 136, 228; Manucci at, 134 ; the King of, 133 ; Kingdom of, M. in, 138 ; references, 176, 190, 191

  20

  INDEX

  Biyas, the river. See Biah, the river

  Blood-letting, mode of, with royal patients, 199, 200, 283, 284, 285

  Bombay, fortress of, invested by the Moguls, 216

  Botelho, Diogo Mendez, 230

  Boureau-Deslandes. See Des-landes

  Bridges at Isfahan, description of, 21, 22

  Bronzoni, Ortenzio, friend of Manucci, 230, 231

  Brusa, Bellomont and M. arrive at, 2 ; depart from, 3 ; Anthoine Cheleby, Governor of, 2, 3

  Bulkley, Dr., English envoy sent to Da,ud Khan. 263, 264

  Burhanpur, Manucci and Bellomont at, 31, 32, 33 ; Armenian merchants at, 32 ; description of, 32 ; Manucci at, 141

  Cadiz, 285

  Capuchins, Manucci's account of

  their disputes with Jesuits, vii ;

  their church at Isfahan, 23 Carmelites, bare-footed, their

  church at Isfahan, 23 Carvalho, Simon, 234 Castro, Antonio de Mello de,

  Viceroy of Goa, 136 Catrou, Pere, and Manucci, viii,

  ix ; publishes book in 170 5,

  founded on Manucci's " Storia,"

  viii

  Cavalry, Persian, parade of, 16 Chaghatae Khan. 90 Chambal, the river, 36 ; Dara and

  his army reach, 55 Champat Bundelah, 33 ; helps

  Aurangzeb, 56; fate of, 58 ;

  references, 197, 226 Champat, Rajah, son of Champat

  Bundelah, treated by M., 197 Chand Blbl, her defence of

  Ahmadnagar, 190 Chardin, Daniel, 264 Charles I, King of England, 13 Charles II, King of England, 2, 7,

  12, 13

  Chaul, the town of, 112 Chawal, the Hindus of, complain

  to Jai Singh, 132, 133 Cheleby, Anthoine, Governor of

  Brusa, 2, 3

  Chhatarsal Rae, advances with

  Dara's army, 61 ; reinforces

  Dara, 64 ; killed, 65 Chinab, the river, 146, 157 Chiutia, the Rajah of, Manucci

  sent as envoy to, 129, 131 Christian religion, the, Manucci

  and, 126, 127 Christiana, Dona, a widow, and

  M., 227, 228 Clarke, Elizabeth, nee Hartley,

  Manucci marries, 197 ; her

  death, 289 Congo, Port of, 25 Coningsby, Mr., English envoy

  sent to Da.ud Khan, 263, 264 Costa, Dom Roderigo da, commander of Portuguese fleet, 174,

  178, 217, 218 ; M. applies for

  protection to, 221 Cota, Luis Gonsalves, secretary at

  Goa, 185, 186, 220, 221 Couza Coutinho, Antonio de,

  friendly to M., 229 Crocodiles, at the fortress of

  Vellore, 260, 261 Cromwell, 2 Cudapah, Karapa, M. visits Da,ud

  Khan at, 257; country between

  Madras and, 258 Cuddalore, 240, 255 Cunha, Joao Nunes da, Viceroy

  of Goa, organises expedition

  to Masqat, 137, 138 ; Cunha,

  Lourenco "da, of Goa, tricks

  M., 224, 225

  Dakhin, the, M. follows Shah

  'Alam to, vi; 33 Dalmatia, 2 Dalpat Rao, M. refuses to attend,

  225, 226 Daman, the Portuguese of, 131 ;

  Portuguese territory extending

  to, 133 ; M. at, 163, 166, 225 ;

  references, 269 Damao. See Daman Danes, the, Da.ud Khan asks, to

  help him against the English,

  254

  Dangim, the fortress of, Viceroy of Goa receives Sambha Ji's envoy at, 173

  Dara, M. enters service of, v ; to, petition of Thomas Roach, 40 ; expresses a desire to see Manucci, 47 ; interviews Ma-

  295

  nucci, 48 ; takes Manucci into his service, 49 ; and Shahjahan, 51, 52 ; farewell to his father and Begam Sahib, 53, 54; leaves Agrah with his army, 53, 54, 55 ; his army encamps at Dhol-pur, 55, 56; receives letter from Shahjahan, 58 ; leaves camp, 59 ; advances with his army, 61 ; adopts counsels of Khalilullah Khan. 63 ; shows great valour, 63, 64 ; receives bad news, 65, 66 ; routs Sultan Muhammad and Najabat Khan. 66 ; listens to traitorous advice, 67, 68 ; takes flight to Agrah, 69 ; sends message to Shahjahan, 69, 70 ; advised to proceed to Dihli, 70 ; starts for Dihli, 71 ; hostile reception at Dihli, 71 ; starts for Lahor, 71 ; raising a new army in Lahor, 74; pleased at Manucci's fidelity in rejoining him, 77 ; starts for Multan, 78 ; at Multan, 81 ; leaves Multan, 82 ; discharges Da.iid Khan from his service, 83 ; arrives with his army at Bhakkar, 84 ; makes Manucci captain of the Europeans left at Bhakkar, 8 5; leaves Bhakkar for Sindi, 85 ; reaches Gujarat, 86 ; takes possession of Ahmadabad, 86 ; raising a new army in Gujarat, 87 ; a prisoner, 90 ; orders Primavera to surrender Bhakkar, 90 ; his dismissal of Da.ud Khan, 116 ; references, 36, 42, 97, 98, ill, 197, 226

  Dara, Prince. See Dara Dara Shukoh. See Dara Darius, King of Persia, 24 Da.iid Khan gives Manucci a passport, 76 ; marches with Dara to Multan, 81 ; fidelity to Dara, 83 ; takes service with Aurangzeb, 84;
Governor of Patnah, Manucci visits, 116; reference, 117

  Da.ud Khan, Panni, in Madras, vii ; deputy governor in the Karnatik, Manucci writes to, 232, 233 ; causes cessation of persecutions at Tanjor, 234, 235 ; letter to the King of Tanjor, 235 ; at Arkat, 236 ;

  Manucci sent by the English on deputation to, 236, 237 ; course of negotiations, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 ; his opinion of the English, 239, 240; at S. Thome, 246 ; an English deputation to, 246, 247 ; visits Governor Pitt, 248, 249, 250 ; returns.toS. Thome, 250 ; hostile return to Madras, 251 ; Manucci goes to interview at S. Thome, 251, 252, 253, 254 ; writes to the French, Dutch, and Danes to help him against English, 254 ; Mons. Des-prez sent as envoy to, 255, 256 ; sends a horse to Fr. Martin, 256 ; Manucci visits, 257 ; stays at Manucci's house at Big Mount, 263 ; visits S. Thome 1706, 263 ; receives the English envoys, 264 ; banquet given for, 265 ; at S. Thome, 265 ; visit from the Lord Bishop, 265 ; gives presents to Manucci at leave-taking, 266; references, 259, 261

  Daulat, the eunuch, and Manucci, 159, 160

  Daulat, Nazir, eunuch in service of Shah 'Alam, 208, 280, 283

  Davenport, Mr., English envoy sent to Da,ud Khan, 263, 264

  Delavale, Mons., a French pirate, 267, 268

  Deslandes, brings home MS. of Manucci's " Storia," viii; suggests to Manucci that he should write his memoirs, 110

  Desprez, Monsieur, sent by F. Martin as envoy to Da,ud Khan. 255, 256

  Destremon, Monsieur, French physician to King of Gulkandah,

  193

  Dhakah, the river Jamnah at, 114 ; the city of, metropolis of Bengal, 117, 118; English and Dutch factories at, 118

  Dholpur, Manucci and Bellomont at, 36 ; Dara's army encamps a t, 55, 56 ; the river (Chambal), 226

  Dias, Agostinho warns Manucci of danger, 91

  Dihli, Manucci at, v, 38, 39, 74, 97,99, no, Hi. 165,271 ;enters