30. Interview with author, April 5, 2004.
31. Jessica Garrison and Sara Lin, “Wal-Mart vs. Inglewood—a Warm-Up for L.A. Fight,” Los Angeles Times, April 2, 2005.
32. Alex Vega, “Wal-Mart Employs Campaign-Style Tactics to Promote Its Expansion,” Associated Press, April 26, 2004.
33. V. Dion Hayes, “Wal-Mart Tries End Run Around Balky City,” Chicago Tribune, January 12, 2004.
34. “A Big-Box Ballot Bully,” Los Angeles Times, March 29, 2004.
35. Interview with author, April 5, 2004.
36. Interview with author, April 2, 2004.
37. Interview with author, April 2, 2004.
38. Interview with author, April 2, 2004.
39. Erin Aubry Kaplan, “Welcome to Inglewood—Leave Your Aspirations Behind ,” LA Weekly, July 22, 2005.
40. Ibid.
41. “What would Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. have said about Wal*Mart,” pamphlet produced by the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO.
42. Recorded by author, April 5, 2004.
43. Recorded by author on April 5, 2005.
44. Jessica Garrison, Abigail Goldman, and David Pierson, “Wal-Mart to Push Southland Agenda,” Los Angeles Times, April 8, 2004.
45. Earl Ofari Hutchinson, “Inglewood Opens the Wal-Mart Wars,” Los Angeles Times, April 8, 2004, B15.
46. Constance L. Hays, “At Wal-Mart, The New Word Is Compromise,” New York Times, September 9, 2004.
47. Ann Zimmerman, “Defending Wal-Mart,” Wall Street Journal, October 6, 2004.
48. Michael Barbaro, “Wal-Mart Chief Defends Closing Unionized Store,” Washington Post, February 11, 2005.
49. Nancy Cleeland and Debora Vrana, “Wal-Mart CEO Takes His Case to California,” Los Angeles Times, February 24, 2005.
50. Interview by Millie Org for author, October 14, 2005.
51. Mark Shaffer, “Flagstaff Divided on Big-Box Store,” Arizona Republic, May 15, 2005.
52. Interview by Org for author, October 14, 2005.
53. Amy Joyce, “Wal-Mart to Apologize for Ad in Newspaper,” Washington Post, May 14, 2005.
54. Press Release issued May 16, 2005, by the Anti-Defamation League, www.adl.org.
55. Michael Barbaro, “Wal-Mart’s Ariz. PR Executive Resigns,” Washington Post, June 9, 2005.
CHAPTER SEVEN: WAL-MART’S CHINA PRICE
1. Dale Dempsey, “Market Forces Too Much for Huffy,” Dayton Daily News, October 24, 2004.
2. Huffy’s annual report, Form 10-K, on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, March 3, 2000.
3. Ron Carter, “City Feels Betrayed by Huffy,” Columbus Dispatch, June 7, 1998.
4. Greg Barrett, “To the Lowest Bidder Go the Lowest-Paying Jobs,” Gannett News Service, Dec. 3, 2003.
5. Greg Barrett, “Forces of Global Economy Usher in Uneasy Change for Low-Skilled Workers,” Gannett News Service, Dec. 3, 2003.
6. Sen. Byron Dorgan, “U.S.-China Trade Is a Failed Policy,” The Hill, September 13, 2005.
7. Bob Ortega, In Sam We Trust, 204.
8. Sam Walton with John Huey, Sam Walton: Made in America, 242.
9. Ortega, op cit., 207.
10. Interview with Jon Lehman, “Is Wal-Mart Good for America?” Frontline, June 4, 2004, and October 7, 2004, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/interviews/lehman.html.
11. Nelson Lichtenstein, “Wal-Mart: A Template for Twenty-First Century Capital,” Wal-Mart: The Face of Twenty-First Century Capitalism, 12.
12. Walton with Huey, op. cit., 186.
13. Don Soderquist, The Wal*Mart Way, 167.
14. Walton with Huey, op cit., 187.
15. Don Soderquist, The Wal*Mart Way, 145.
16. Constance L. Hays, “What They Know About You,” New York Times, November 14, 2004.
17. Ibid.
18. Kelly Barron, “Spamouflage and Cajun Crawtators,” Forbes, October 29, 2001.
19. Charles Fishman, “The Wal-Mart You Don’t Know,” Fast Company, December 2003.
20. Jim Collins, Good to Great, 26.
21. Mary Ethridge, “Rubbermaid Suffers in Battling Wal-Mart,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 16, 2000.
22. Ibid.
23. Collins, op. cit., 26.
24. Jerry Useem, “One Nation Under Wal-Mart,” Fortune, March 23, 2003.
25. Abigail Goldman and Nancy Cleeland, “An Empire Built on Bargains Remakes the Working World,” Los Angeles Times, November 23, 2003.
26. Michael Barbaro, “Pillowtex Closing Leaves Thousands Out of Work,” The Washington Post, August 9, 2003.
27. Misha Petrovic and Gary Hamilton, “Making Global Markets: Wal-Mart and Its Suppliers,” Wal-Mart: The Face of Twenty-First Century Capitalism, 140.
28. Clay Chandler, “The Great Wal-Mart of China,” Fortune, July 25, 2005.
29. Deloitte Research, “Ideas Change the World,” Deloitte Consulting, 2003.
30. Nancy Cleeland, Evelyn Iritani, and Tyler Marshall, “Scouring the Globe to Give Shoppers an $8.63 Polo Shirt,” Los Angeles Times, November 24, 2003.
31. Wal-Mart Stores, 2004 Report on Standards for Suppliers, 1, www.wa1martfacts.com/docs/2004SuppStandards.pdf.
32. Steven Greenhouse, “Suit Says Wal-Mart Is Lax On Labor Abuses Overseas,” New York Times, September 14, 2005.
33. Steven Greenhouse, “Wal-Mart Questions Motives of Lawsuit by Labor Group,” New York Times, September 16, 2005.
34. Dexter Roberts and Aaron Bernstein, “A Life of Fines and Beating,” BusinessWeek, October 2, 2000.
35. AScribe Newswire, “NBA, NFL, MLB, NCAA, NASCAR, DISNEY, Hasbro, Wal-Mart Caught Using Brutal Sweatshop in China to Make Popular Bobble-Head Dolls,” AScribe Newswire, February 9, 2004.
36. Ibid.
37. Sean Silcoff, “Dorel Faces Cost Hikes in China: Looks Elsewhere in Far East for Cheaper Labour,” Financial Post (Canada), November 1, 2005.
38. Peter S. Goodman and Philip P. Pan, “Chinese Workers Pay for Wal-Mart’s Low Prices,” Washington Post, February 8, 2004.
39. Charles Fishman, “The Wal-Mart You Don’t Know,” Fast Company, December 2003.
THE ANTI–WAL-MART
1. Lee Scott, “Twenty-First Century Leadership,” October 24, 2005, 13. http: walmartstores.com/Files/21st%20Century%20Leadership.pdf.
2. Stanley Holmes and Wendy Zellner, “The Costco Way,” BusinessWeek, April 12, 2004, 76.
3. Michelle V. Rafter, “Welcome to the Club,” Workforce Management, April 1, 2005.
4. John Helyar, “Sol Price on Off-Price,” Fortune, November 10, 2003.
5. John Helyar, “Costco: The Only Company Wal-Mart Fears,” Fortune, November 10, 2003.
6. Steven Greenhouse, “How Costco Became the Anti-Wal-Mart,” New York Times, July 17, 2005.
7. Helyar, “Costco: The Only Company Wal-Mart Fears.”
8. Greenhouse, “How Costco Became the Anti-Wal-Mart.”
9. Helyar, “Costco: The Only Company Wal-Mart Fears.”
CHAPTER EIGHT: WILL THE LAST INDEPENDENT GROCER IN AMERICA PLEASE TURN OFF THE MONORAIL?
1. Wal-Mart 2005 annual report to shareholders, 12.
2. Sandra J. Skrovan, “Wal-Mart Food: Big, and Getting Bigger,” September 2003, 2.
3. Ibid., 11.
4. This remark has often been attributed to Twain, but might be apocryphal. “Until the attribution can be verified,” advises the Web site twainquotes.com, “the quote should not be regarded as authentic.”
5. For the early history of Bigg’s see Eugene DiMaria, “Cincinnati Hypermarket May Be First of a Chain,” Supermarket News, October 15, 1984, and Denise Gallagher, “Bigg’s Opens Cincinnati Unit,” HFD, Home Furnishings Weekly, October 12, 1984.
6. Bob Oretga, In Sam We Trust, 268.
7. Randy Tucker, “Kroger Has Been on This Track Before,” Cincinnati Enquirer, August 1, 2004.
8. Interview with author, September 9, 2004.
9. When Winn-Dixie Stores, Thriftway’s Florid
a-headquartered parent company, filed for bankruptcy protection in early 2005, the difficulty of competing with Wal-Mart was widely cited as one of the main reasons for its demise.
10. Melanie Warner, “An Identity Crisis for Supermarkets,” New York Times, October 6, 2005.
11. Food Marketing Institute’s summary of Progressive Grocer magazine’s Annual Report of the Grocery industry, April 2004 and April 1994.
12. John J. Ruf, “Inspirational Retailing: How to Survive in a Wal-Mart World,” The New England Journal of Marketing, Summer 2004, 13–14.
13. Interview with author, February 14, 2005.
14. Interview with author, July 30, 2004.
15. Tedlow, New and Improved, 195.
16. Ibid., 196.
17. Mary Bralove, “Superstores May Suit Customers to a T—A T-Shirt or a T-Bone,” Wall Street Journal, March 17, 1973. Also, “Plain and Fancy,” Barron’s, May 25, 1981.
18. Jim Collins, Good to Great, 68–69.
19. Ibid, 69.
20. Eamonn Fingleton, “250,000 Unpaid Consultants,” Forbes, September 14, 1981.
21. Lisa Blank Fasig, “A Whole New Kroger,” Cincinnati Enquirer, December 5, 1999.
22. James McNair, “Wal-Mart’s Impact Magnified,” Cincinnati Enquirer, September 22, 2002. Also, Leah Beth Ward, “Kroger Sees a Shadow Lurking Over Aisle 3,” New York Times, April 7, 2002.
23. Alexander Coolidge, “Kroger Workers OK Strike,” Cincinnati Post, October 14, 2004.
24. Ibid.
25. John Byczkowski, “After Agreement, Kroger Workers Angry, Dismayed,” Cincinnati Enquirer, October 2, 2004, and James McNair, “Unions Unhappy But Cooperative,” Cincinnati Enquirer, November 6, 2004.
26. Interview with author, March 10, 2005.
27. Interview with author, July 31, 2004.
28. Ted Anthony, “Thinking Globally, Selling Locally,” Washington Post, November 22, 2001, A57.
29. Interview with author, September 21, 2004.
30. The following revenue figures (in millions), never before disclosed, were provided by George Wissing, Jungle Jim’s chief financial officer: 1995, $29.8; 1996, $33.1; 1997, $36.7; 1998, $41.8; 1999, $48.5; 2000, $52.5; 2001, $56.8; 2002, $58.8; 2003, $61.0; 2004, $63.5.
31. Interview with author, September 19, 2004.
32. The events center is at once the newest and oldest part of Jungle Jim’s. The timbers used in its construction are of center-cut cedar and date from the late 1700s. Bonaminio took the lumber as well as a few tons of brick of Civil War vintage out of an antebellum Cincinnati factory that was disassembled a few years ago.
33. John Eckberg, “Wal-Mart Supercenter Closely Watched,” Cincinnati Enquirer, September 15, 2004.
34. Interview with author, September 22, 2004.
35. Alexander Coolidge, “Wal-Mart Doubles Grocery Share,” Cincinnati Post, August 5, 2005.
36. Randy Tucker, “Kroger Has Been on This Track Before,” August 1, 2004.
37. Interview by author, September 9, 2004.
38. Safeway presentation at the International Council of Shopping Centers conference in February 2004.
39. Randy McNutt, “Intimate Yet Innovative, Remke Markets Thrives Without the Hype,” Cincinnati Enquirer, June 15, 2004.
40. Interview with author, September 19, 2004.
41. Interview with author, February 10, 2005.
42. Ken Alltucker, “Oakley to Get a Jungle Jim’s,” Cincinnati Enquirer, March 10, 2005. Adams started working for Bonaminio as a part-time trash hauler in 1982. When Adams’s supervisor decided to leave Jungle Jim’s a decade ago, Bonaminio cooked up the surgery photo as a farewell gift and later decided to have business cards made from it.
DOWN AND OUT IN JONQUIÈRE
1. Interview with author and Diane Bérard, April 12, 2005.
2. Interview with author and Diane Bérard, April 12, 2005.
3. Interview with author and Diane Bérard, April 11, 2005.
4. Doug Struck, “Wal-Mart Leaves Bitter Chill,” Washington Post, April 14, 2005.
5. See www/newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/October2004/13/c9667.html.
6. Clifford Krauss, “For Labor, a Wal-Mart Closing in Canada Is a Call to Arms,” New York Times, March 10, 2005.
7. Kevin Bell, “Wal-Mart Workers at 2nd Québec Store Join Union,” Bloomberg. com, January 19, 2005.
8. Interview with author and Diane Bérard, April 13, 2005.
9. Ian Austen, “Wal-Mart to Close Store in Canada with a Union,” New York Times, February 10, 2005.
10. Struck, “Wal-Mart Leaves Bitter Chill.”
11. Bertrand Marotte, “Wal-Mart Intimidated Unionists, Board Rules,” Globe and Mail, February 26, 2005.
12. Marina Strauss, “The Secret to Gaining Success in Quebec,” Globe and Mail, September 27, 2005.
13. Interview with author and Bérard, April 12, 2004.
14. Interview with author and Bérard, April 13, 2005.
15. Ian Austen, “Quebec Rules Against Wal-Mart in Closing of Unionized Store,” New York Times, September 20, 2005.
CHAPTER NINE: WHERE WOULD JESUS SHOP?
1. Chisun Lee, “The New Movement Against Wal-Mart,” The Village Voice, August 23, 2005.
2. Press release from Rep. Weiner’s office, December 16, 2004.
3. John Heilemann, “Unstoppable,” New York, August 15, 2005.
4. Karyn Saemann, “Monona Wal-Mart Opposition Organizes,” The Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin), May 18, 2005.
5. “Jesuit Objections to Locating Wal-Mart at Woodlawn/Woolwich,” www.ignatiusguelph.ca/docs/jesuitobjections.pdf.
6. Peter Kuitenbrouwer, “God and Wal-Mart Forced to Get Along in Guelph,” National Post, January 7, 2005.
7. Jeff M. Sellers, “Deliver Us From Wal*Mart?” Christianity Today, May 2005.
8. J. Bennett Guess, “Justice and Witness Ministries Endorses ‘Wal-Mart Week of Action,’” United Church News, October–November 2005.
9. Dan Mihalopoulos, “Nobody Neutral on Wal-Mart Proposals,” Chicago Tribune, May 4, 2004.
10. Dan Mihalopoulos, “Jackson Chimes in Against Wal-Mart,” Chicago Tribune, April 20, 2004.
11. As recorded by author, April 6, 2005.
12. William Bole, “Stockholders with a Social Conscience,” Our Sunday Visitor, May 3, 1999.
13. Interview with author, September 30, 2005.
14. Janet Bagnall, “Taking on Wal-Mart: The U.S. retailer’s anti-union activities have spawned a network of religious and activist groups to fight the department store giant,” The Gazette (Montreal), June 17, 2005.
15. Frank Green, “Wal-Mart Removed from ‘Socially Responsible’ List ,” San Diego Union-Tribune, May 18, 2001.
16. Julie Tanner and Kimberly Gladman, “Outside the Box: Guidelines for Retail Store Siting,” Christian Brothers Investment Services and Domini Social Investments, July 11, 2005, 20, 22–26.
17. Don Soderquist, The Wal*Mart Way, 45.
18. Nelson Lichtenstein, “Wal-Mart: A Template for Twenty-First Century Capitalism” in Wal-Mart: The Face of Twenty-First Century Capitalism, 18–19.
19. Mike Troy, “Scott, Coughlin Set to Lead Wal-Mart ,” Discount Store News 38, no. 2, January 25, 1999.
20. Sellers, op. cit.
21. Bole, “Stockholders with a Social Conscience.”
22. Brook Gladstone, On the Media (radio program), “Wal-Mart Culture,” June 27, 2003.
23. Anthony Bianco and Wendy Zellner, “Is Wal-Mart Too Powerful?” BusinessWeek, October 6, 2003.
24. Ibid.
25. David D. Kirkpatrick, “Shaping Cultural Tastes at Big Retail Chains,” New York Times, May 18, 2003.
26. Bianco and Zellner, op. cit.
27. “Wal-Mart Not Carrying ‘America,’” Publishers Weekly, October 25, 2004.
28. Bianco and Zellner, op. cit.
29. Interview with Tom Lowry of BusinessWeek, September 19, 2003.
30. Interview with author, September 20, 2004.
31. According to Barna Research Group, a Ventura, California-based market research company.
32. Harold Meyerson, “Protocols of Wal-Mart,” American Prospect, November 2004.
33. Rachel Pomerance, “Wal-Mart Backs Down,” Jewish Times, September 26, 2004.
34. Jeff Johnson, “Family-Friendly Mutual Fund Drops Wal-Mart,” CNSNews.Com August 19, 2002.
35. Interview with author and Wendy Zellner, September 15, 2003.
36. Martha W. Kleder, “Mutual Fund Targets Wal-Mart for Selling Sleazy Magazines, C & F Report (Culture & Family Institute), August 21, 2002.
37. Leigh Gallagher, “Holy Influence,” Forbes, December 8, 2003.
38. David Carr and Constance L. Hayes, “3 Racy Men’s Magazines Are Banned by Wal-Mart,” New York Times, May 6, 2003.
THE BELMONT SCHISM
1. Interview for author by Millie Org, April 14, 2005.
2. Ibid.
3. Father Richard P. McBrien, “The Popes and Wal-Mart on Labor Unions,” The Tidings, December 13, 2002.
4. Joseph Donders (ed.), John Paul II: The Encyclicals in Everyday Language.”
5. Anselm Biggs, “The Benedictine Life: An introduction to the Benedictine history and the founding of Belmont Abbey,” www.belmontabbey.org/benedictine_life/.
6. Ken Elkins, “Monks Ready to Develop College Land,” Charlotte Business Journal, March 1, 2002.
7. “Abbot Deals When the Spirit Moves Him, Business North Carolina, March 2004, tk.
8. Joe DePriest, “Interstate’s Invasion Now Paves Way to Prosperity,” Charlotte Observer, March 10, 2002, 1L.
9. Interview for author by Org, March 16, 2005.
10. Interview by Org for author, April 15, 2005.
11. Interview for author by Org, April 15, 2005.
CHAPTER TEN: THE EDUCATION OF LEE SCOTT
1. Christopher Leonard, “Wal-Mart’s Scott Discounts Exit Tales,” Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, May 21, 2005.
2. John T. Anderson, “Diversity Hiring, Internal Strength Stressed at Shareholder Meeting,” The Morning News, June 4, 2005.
3. In 2000, Glass bought majority control of the Royals for $96 million.
4. Mark Gongloff, “The Afternoon Report: Blame It On The Rain,” WSJ.com, May 12, 2005.
5. Anita French, “Analysts Concerned Over Wal-Mart’s Woes,” The Morning News, May 18, 2005.
The Bully of Bentonville Page 32
