Dreamland: Adventures in the Strange Science of Sleep

by David K. Randall

  Jaffe, Greg. “Marching Orders: To Keep Recruits, Boot Camp Gets a Gentle Revamp; Army Offers More Support, Sleep, Second Helpings; Drill Sergeants’ Worries; ‘It Would Look So Much Nicer.’ ” Wall Street Journal, February 15, 2006.

  Kennedy, Kelly. “Sleep Starved.” Army Times, May 19, 2006.

  Khatchadourian, Raffi. “The Kill Company.” New Yorker, July 6, 2009.

  Killgore, William D., Arthur Estrada, Tiffany Rouse, Robert M. Wildzunas, and Thomas J. Balkin. Sleep and Performance Measures in Soldiers Undergoing Military Relevant Training. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Warfighter Performance and Health Division, June 2009.

  Killgore, William D. S., Sharon A. McBride, Desiree B. Killgore, and Thomas J. Balkin. “The Effects of Caffeine, Dextroamphetamine, and Modafinil on Humor Appreciation During Sleep Deprivation.” Sleep, vol. 29 (June 2006).

  Kushida, Clete A. Sleep Deprivation: Basic Science, Physiology and Behavior. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005.

  Laurence, Charles. “Ready for War in 2005: The Soldier Who Never Sleeps.” Daily Telegraph, January 5, 2003.

  Lehrer, Jonah. How We Decide. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009.

  Martz, Ron. “War Story: GI Joe.” Atlanta Magazine, March 2008.

  Mestrovic, Stjepan. The Good Soldier on Trial: A Sociological Study of Misconduct by the US Military Pertaining to Operation Iron Triangle, Iraq. New York: Algora, 2009.

  Miller, N. L., and R. Firehammer. “Avoiding a Second Hollow Force: The Case for Including Crew Endurance Factors in the Afloat Staffing Policies of the U.S. Navy.” Naval Engineers Journal, vol. 119, no. 1 (2007).

  Miller, N. L., P. Matsangas, and L. G. Shattuck. “Fatigue and Its Effect on Performance in Military Environments,” in P. A. Hancock and J. L. Szalma, eds., Performance under Stress. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007.

  Miller, Nita Lewis, and Lt. John Nguyen. “Working the Nightshift on the USS John C. Stennis: Implications for Enhancing Warfighter Effectiveness.” Conference paper, Human Systems Integration Symposium, Vienna, VA, May 1, 2003.

  Robson, Seth. “In Video, Leahy Tells of Shooting Iraqi Detainees.” Stars and Stripes, February 20, 2009.

  Robson, Seth. “Report: Troops Need More Sleep.” Stars and Stripes, March 17, 2009.

  Scott, William B. “Crew Fatigue Emerging as Critical Safety Issue.” Aviation Week and Space Technology, April 8, 1996.

  Shanker, Thom, with Mary Duenwald. “ ‘Go Pills’ Center-Stage at U.S. Pilots’ Hearing: Effect of Amphetamine Use Is Murky.” International Herald Tribune, January 20, 2003.

  Shay, Jonathan. “Ethical Standing for Commander Self-Care: The Need for Sleep,” Parameters (U.S. Army War College), vol. 28, no. 2 (Summer 1998).

  Smith, Elliot Blair. “Fatigue a Formidable Enemy within the Ranks: Sleep Deprivation Taking Toll on Troops, So Weary Warriors Catch Catnaps When and Where They Can.” USA Today, March 28, 2003.

  Squeo, Anne Marie, and Nicholas Kulish. “A Growing Threat to Troops in Iraq: Sleep Deprivation.” Wall Street Journal, March 27, 2003.

  Von Zielbauer, Paul. “Court Papers Describe Killings of Prisoners by Three U.S. Troops in Iraq.” International Herald Tribune, August 28, 2008.

  Von Zielbauer, Paul. “U.S. Soldiers Executed Iraqis, Statements Say.” New York Times, August 26, 2008.

  Wesensten, Nancy J., Gregory Belenky, and Thomas J. Balkin. “Sleep Loss: Implications for Operational Effectiveness and Current Solutions,” in Thomas W. Britt, Carl A. Castro, and Amy B. Adler, eds., Military Life: The Psychology of Serving in Peace and Combat, vol. 1. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2005.

  Chapter 8: Bumps in the Night

  Bachelder, Vance, and Michel A. Cramer Bornemann. “New Research in Sleep-Disorder Breathing.” RT: For Decision Makers in Respiratory Care (June 2003).

  Callwood, June. The Sleepwalker. Toronto: Lester and Orpen Dennys, 1990.

  Cartwright, Rosalind. “Sleepwalking Violence: A Sleep Disorder, a Legal Dilemma, and a Psychological Challenge.” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 161, no. 7 (July 2004).

  Cramer Bornemann, Michel A., Mark W. Mahowald, and Carlos H. Schenck. “Parasomnias: Clinical Features and Forensic Implications.” Chest, vol. 130, no. 2 (August 2006).

  Denno, Deborah W. “Crime and Consciousness: Science and Involuntary Acts.” Minnesota Law Review, vol. 87 (2002).

  Denno, Deborah W. “Criminal Law in a Post-Freudian World.” University of Illinois Law Review, vol. 601 (2005).

  Denno, Deborah W. “A Mind to Blame: New Views on Involuntary Acts.” Behavioral Sciences and the Law, vol. 21 (2003).

  Krasnowski, Matt. “Sleepwalking Defense Is Called ‘Sophistry’; Killer Gets 26 Years.” San Diego Union Tribune, August 20, 2004.

  Lauerma, Hannu. “Fear of Suicide during Sleepwalking.” Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 2 (Summer 1996).

  Mahowald, M. W., C. H. Schenck, M. Goldner, V. Bachelder, and M. Cramer-Bornemann. “Parasomnia Pseudo-Suicide.” Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 48, no. 5 (2003).

  Mahowald, Mark W., and Carlos H. Schenck. “Parasomnias: Sleepwalking and the Law.” Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol. 4, no. 4 (2000).

  “Man Acquitted of Sleepwalking Murder Running for School Trustee in Durham.” CityNews.ca. October 27, 2006.

  McLeod, Keith. “A Decent Man and Devoted Husband; Dad Who Strangled Wife in Sleep Is Cleared.” Daily Record (Glasgow), November 21, 2009.

  Milliet, Nicolaa, and Wolfgang Ummenhofer. “Somnambulism and Trauma: Case Report and Short Review of the Literature.” Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol. 47 (August 1999).

  Morse, Stephen J., and Morris B. Hoffman. “The Uneasy Entente between Legal Insanity and Mens Rea: Beyond Clark V. Arizona.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 97, no. 4 (Summer 2007).

  Schenck, C. H., I. Arnulf, and M. W. Mahowald. “Sleep and Sex: What Can Go Wrong? A Review of the Literature on Sleep Related Disorders and Abnormal Sexual Behaviors and Experiences.” Sleep, vol. 30 (June 2007).

  Schenck, Carlos H., Samuel Adams Lee, Michel A. Cramer Bornemann, and Mark W. Mahowald. “Potentially Lethal Behaviors Associated with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Review of the Literature and Forensic Implications.” Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 54, no. 6 (2008).

  Sleep Runners: The Stories behind Everyday Parasomnias. Brian L. Dehler, dir. Documentary. Slow-Wave Films, 2011.

  Stryker, Jeff. “Sleepstabbing: The Strange Science of Sleep Behavior and One Verdict: Guilty!” Salon, July 8, 1999.

  Tighe, Janet A., and Francis Wharton. “The Nineteenth-Century Insanity Defense: The Origins of a Reform Tradition.” American Journal of Legal History, vol. 27, no. 3 (July 1983).

  Vienneau, David. “Sleepwalk Murder Acquittal Upheld by Supreme Court.” Toronto Star, August 27, 1992.

  Chapter 9: Game Time

  Bronson, Po. “Snooze or Lose. “ New York, October 7, 2007.

  Brown, Frederick M., Evan E. Neft, and Cynthia M. LaJambe. “Collegiate Rowing Crew Performance Varies by Morningness-Eveningness.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 22, no. 6 (November 2008).

  Corbett Dooren, Jennifer. “Later Start to School Boosts Teens’ Health.” Wall Street Journal, July 6, 2010.

  Dahl, R. E., and A. G. Harvey. “Sleep in Children and Adolescents with Behavioral and Emotional Disorders.” Sleep Medicine Clinics, vol. 2 (September 2007).

  Doskoch, Peter. “Putting Time on Your Side.” Psychology Today, vol. 30, no. 2 (March/April 1997).

  Frias, Carlos. “Baseball and Amphetamines.” Palm Beach Post, April 2, 2006.

  Gangwisch, James E., Lindsay A. Babiss, Dolore Malaspina, J. Blake Turner, Gary K. Zammit, and Kelly Posner. “Earlier Parental Set Bedtimes as a Protective Factor against Depression and Suicidal Ideation.” Sleep, vol. 33 (January 2010).

  Mah, Cheri. “Extended Sleep and the Effects on Mood and Athletic Performance in Collegiate Swimmers.” Presented at the 2008 annual mee
ting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, Baltimore, MD, June 9, 2008.

  O’Brien, Louise M., Neali H. Lucas, Barbara T. Felt, Timothy F. Hoban, Deborah L. Ruzicka, Ruth Jordan, Kenneth Guire, and Ronald D. Chervin. “Aggressive Behavior, Bullying, Snoring, and Sleepiness in Schoolchildren.” Sleep Medicine, Vol. 12, no. 7 (August 2011).

  Postolache, T. T., T. M. Hung, R. N. Rosenthal, J. J. Soriano, F. Montes, and J. W. Stiller. “Sports Chronobiology Consultation: From the Lab to the Arena.” Clinical Sports Medicine, vol. 24 (April 2005).

  Postolache, Teodor T., and Dan A. Orenc. “Circadian Phase Shifting, Alerting, and Antidepressant Effects of Bright Light Treatment.” Clinical Sports Medicine, vol. 24 (April 2005).

  Reilly, Thomas. “The Body Clock and Athletic Performance.” Biological Rhythm Research, vol. 40, no. 1 (February 2009).

  Rosbash, Michael. “A Biological Clock.” Daedalus, vol. 132, no. 2 (Spring 2003).

  Samuels, Charles. “Sleep, Recovery, and Performance: The New Frontier in High-Performance Athletics.” Neurological Clinics, vol. 26 (February 2008).

  Smith, Roger S., Christian Guilleminault, and Bradley Efron. “Sports, Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Circadian Rhythms and Enhanced Athletic Performance in the National Football League.” Sleep, vol. 20 (May 1997).

  Stein, Jeannine. “Athletes Who Sleep More May Score More.” Los Angeles Times, June 18, 2007.

  Travis, John. “Does March Madness Need a Time-Out?” Science News, vol. 156, no. 19 (November 1999).

  Tucker, Jill. “Sleep May Limit Teen’s Depression.” San Francisco Chronicle, November 13, 2009.

  Tyack, David, and Larry Cuban. Tinkering toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.

  Wahlstrom, K. “Accommodating the Sleep Patterns of Adolescents within Current Educational Structures: An Uncharted Path,” in M. Carskadon, ed., Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

  Wahlstrom, K. L. “The Prickly Politics of School Starting Times.” Kappan, vol. 80, no. 5 (1999).

  Wahlstrom, Kyla. “Changing Times: Findings from the First Longitudinal Study of Later High School Start Times.” NASSP Bulletin, vol. 86, no. 633 (December 2002).

  Chapter 10: Breathe Easy

  Aleccia, JoNel. “Heavy, Drowsy Truckers Pose Risk on the Road.” MSNBC.com, June 14, 2009.

  American Sleep Apnea Association. “Apnea Support Forum.” http://www.apneasupport.org/help-1st-sleep-study-last-night-scared-angry-sad-dismayed-t26555.html. Accessed August 2011.

  “A Brief History of OSA.” ResMedica Clinical Newsletter, no. 14 (2011).

  Davidson, Terence M. “The Great Leap Forward: The Anatomic Basis for the Acquisition of Speech and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.” Sleep Medicine, vol. 4 (May 2003).

  Dement, William C., and Christopher Vaughan. The Promise of Sleep: A Pioneer in Sleep Medicine Explores the Vital Connection between Health, Happiness, and a Good Night’s Sleep. New York: Delacorte Press, 1999.

  Diamond, J. The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

  Durand, G., and S. N. Kales. “Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening during Commercial Driver Medical Examinations: A Survey of ACOEM Members.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 51 (October 2009).

  Espie, Colin A., and Niall M. Broomfield. “The Attention–Intention–Effort Pathway in the Development of Psychophysiologic Insomnia: A Theoretical Review.” Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol. 10, no 4 (August 2006).

  Government Accountability Office. Commercial Drivers: Certification Process for Drivers with Serious Medical Conditions. Report no. GAO-08-1030T. Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, July 24, 2008.

  Isono, Shiroh, John E. Remmers, Atsuko Tanaka, Yasuhide Sho, Jiro Sato, and Takashi Nishino. “Anatomy of Pharynx in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and in Normal Subjects.” Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 82, no. 4 (April 1997).

  Kirby, Tony. “Colin Sullivan: Inventive Pioneer of Sleep Medicine.” Lancet, vol. 377 (April 2011).

  Kumar, R., B. V. Birrer, P. M. Macey, M. A. Woo, R. K. Gupta, F. L. Yan-Go, and R. M. Harper. “Reduced Mammillary Body Volume in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 438 (June 2008).

  Macey, P. M., R. Kumar, M. A. Woo, E. M. Valladares, F. L. Yan-Go, and R. M. Harper. “Brain Structural Changes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.” Sleep, vol. 31 (July 2008).

  Maher, Kris. “The New Face of Sleep—As Patients Balk at Bulky Masks, New Efforts to Treat Sleep Apnea.” Wall Street Journal. February 2, 2010.

  National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research. Report of the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992.

  Parks, P. D., G. Durand, A. J. Tsismenakis, A. Vela-Bueno, and S. N. Kales. “Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea during Commercial Driver Medical Examinations.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 51 (October 2009).

  “ResMed Inc. Announces Record Financial Results for the Quarter and Twelve Months Ended June 30, 2010.” ResMed News Release, August 5, 2010.

  Yaffe, Kristine, Alison M. Laffan, Stephanie Litwack Harrison, Susan Redline, Adam P. Spira, Kristine E. Ensrud, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, and Katie L. Stone. “Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Hypoxia, and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Women.” JAMA, vol. 306 (August 2011).

  Chapter 11: Counting Sheep

  Alderman, Lesley. “Cost-Effective Ways to Fight Insomnia.” New York Times, June 5, 2009.

  Ansfield, M. E., D. M. Wegner, and R. Bowser. “Ironic Effects of Sleep Urgency.” Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 34 (July 1996).

  Armstrong, David. “Sales of Sleeping Pills Are Seeing a Revival; Lunesta’s Big Launch.” Wall Street Journal, April 19, 2005.

  Edwards, Jim. “Lunesta’s Hit Marketing May Be a Dying Breed.” Brandweek, August 22–29, 2005.

  Edwards, Jim. “Sleep: Perchance to Dream.” Brandweek, October 9, 2006.

  Fratello, F. “Can an Inert Sleeping Pill Affect Sleep? Effects on Polysomnographic, Behavioral and Subjective Measures.” Psychopharmacology, vol. 181 (October 2006).

  Herzberg, David. Happy Pills in America: From Miltown to Prozac. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2009.

  Institute of Medicine. Sleeping Pills, Insomnia and Medical Practice. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1979.

  Martin, Emily. “Sleepless in America,” in Janis H. Jenkins, ed., Pharmaceutical Self: The Global Shaping of Experience in an Age of Psychopharamacology. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press, 2011.

  Morin, Charles. “Sequential Treatment for Chronic Insomnia: A Pilot Study.” Behavioral Sleep Medicine, vol. 2, no. 2 (2004).

  Morin, Charles, Célyne Bastien, Bernard Guay, Monelly Radouco-Thomas, Jacinthe Leblanc, and Annie Vallières. “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Singly and Combined with Medication, for Persistent Insomnia.” JAMA, vol. 301 (May 2009).

  Morin, Charles, Célyne Bastien, Bernard Guay, Monelly Radouco-Thomas, Jacinthe Leblanc, and Annie Vallières. “Randomized Clinical Trial of Supervised Tapering and Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Facilitate Benzodiazepine Discontinuation in Older Adults with Chronic Insomnia.” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 161 (2004).

  Morin, Charles, Annie Vallières, and Hans Ivers. “Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep.” Sleep, vol. 30 (November 2007).

  Morin, Charles M., Cheryl Colecchi, Jackie Stone, Rakesh Sood, and Douglas Brink. “Behavioral and Pharmacological Therapies for Late-Life Insomnia.” JAMA, vol. 281 (March 17, 1999).

  Morris, H. H., and M. L. Estes. “Traveler’s Amnesia. Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Triazolam,” JAMA, vol. 258 (August 1987).

  Murphy, Shelley. “Unruly Jet Passenger Pleads Guilty.” Boston Globe, September 8, 2005.

  National Sleep Foundation. “2003 Sleep in America Poll.” Prepared by WB&A Mar
ket Research. Found at http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2003SleepPollExecSumm.pdf.

  Roth, Thomas. “Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences.” Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, vol. 3 (August 15, 2007).

  Saul, Stephanie. “Sleep Drugs Found Only Mildly Effective, but Wildly Popular.” New York Times, October 23, 2007.

  Tsai, M. J., Y. H. Tsai, and Y. B. Huang. “Compulsive Activity and Anterograde Amnesia after Zolpidem Use.” Clinical Toxicology, vol. 45, no. 2 (2007).

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  Worthman, C. M., and M. Melby. “Toward a Comparative Developmental Ecology of Human Sleep,” in M.A. Carskadon, ed., Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

  Chapter 12: Mr. Sandman

  “Air India Plane Crash: ‘Sleepy’ Pilot Blamed.” BBC News, November 17, 2010.

  Bader, G. G., and S. Engdal. “The Influence of Bed Firmness on Sleep Quality.” Applied Ergonomics, vol. 31 (October 2000).

  Bergholdt, K. “Better Backs by Better Beds?” Spine, vol. 33 (April 2008).

  Calamari, Luigi. “Effect of Different Free Stall Surfaces on Behavioural, Productive and Metabolic Parameters in Dairy Cows.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 120 (August 2009).

  Dement, William C., and Christopher Vaughan. The Promise of Sleep: A Pioneer in Sleep Medicine Explores the Vital Connection between Health, Happiness, and a Good Night’s Sleep. New York: Delacorte Press, 1999.

  “Directions for the Management of Sleep.” Dublin Penny Journal, vol. 2, no. 74 (1833).

  Gerber, Markus, Serge Brand, and Edith Holsboer-Trachsler. “Fitness and Exercise as Correlates of Sleep Complaints: Is It All in Our Minds?” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine), vol. 42 (May 2010).

  Khalsa, Sat Bir S. “Treatment of Chronic Insomnia with Yoga: A Preliminary Study with Sleep–Wake Diaries.” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, vol. 29 (December 2004).