Dixon, Madelyn Donovan (second wife), 261, 262, 270
Dixon Jr., Thomas, 12
acting career, 53
Anglo-Saxonism, 211
anti-communist sequel, 258–9
attacks censorship attempts, 148
on audience enthusiasm, 206–7
buys interest in play, 48
death of, 261, 270
dislike of Stevens, 205
education of, 31–3
film production company, 268–9
finances of, 52, 98
friendship with Wilson, 111
Griffith buys rights from, 79–80
historical details, 196–8, 201–2
Klan appearance, 195
marriage to Harriet, 34
Mayor Mitchel meeting, 138–9
photograph of, 28
pirated film copies, 246
religion and, 32, 33–5
response to film screenings, 117
role in the film, 26
screenplays, 269
Southern point of view, 171
in state legislature, 33
suggested title change, 115
use of Scott, 203
war and Reconstruction experience, 27–31
works of
The Black Hood, 269
Comrades, 52
The Flaming Sword, 258–9, 270
The Inside History of the Harding Administration (with Daugherty), 270
later fiction, 269–70
The Leopard’s Spots, 37–42
The Love Complex, 269
The Man in Gray, 269
A Man of the People, 269
The One Woman, 42–3, 52
The Root of Evil, 52
The Sins of the Father, 52–3
The Sun Virgin, 270
The Traitor, 52
worries about sex, 218
writing career, 35–7
See also The Clansman
Dixon Sr, Thomas, 27–9, 30, 31
Dougherty, Lee “Doc,” 71
Douglass, Carl, 16
Douros, Magistrate, 236
Dowd, Judge Thomas H., 147, 150
Dramatic Mirror (newspaper), 4–5
Dream Street (film), 266
Dressed to Kill (film), 8
Drink’s Lure (film), 219
Drums of Love (film), 267
A Drunkard’s Reformation (film), 70, 75, 219
Du Bois, W. E. B., 141, 160, 165
campaign against Birth, 169, 282
defends Reconstruction, 206
in Dixon’s novel, 258, 270
New York campaign, 137
photograph of, 137
power struggle with NAACP, 168
The Souls of Black Folks, 167
The Star of Ethiopia pagent, 167–8
on wartime context, 227
Dubois, Ellen, 278
Dunning, William Archibald, 206, 218
Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction, 191
Reconstruction, Political and Economic, 1865–1877, 191
Dyer, Frank, 69
Dyer, Richard, 11, 85
Eagle, Oscar, 62, 64
Early, Jubal, 178
Easton, Walter P., 149
Edison Pictures, 68–9, 106, 231
Eisenstein, Sergei, 284
Elinor, Carli, 16
Eliot, Charles W., 148
Ely, Richard T., 32–3
Emerson, Congressman, 158
Enoch Arden (film), 72
Epoch Producing Company, 13, 98, 105
Aitkens and, 271, 272
copyright dispute, 262
distribution of Birth, 118–20, 241
Epping, J. C., 98
Equal Rights League, 228
The Escape (film), 79
Espionage Act, 272–3
Essanay films, 75
Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction (Dunning), 191
ethnic groups. See race and racism
Evening American (newspaper), 117
Evening Globe (newspaper), 117
Evening Journal (newspaper), 204–5
Evening Mail (newspaper), 117
Everett, Anna
Returning the Gaze, 12
Everson, William K., 6, 11, 77
Experimental Cinema (journal), 255
Fairbanks, Douglas, 116, 265
The Fall of a Nation (film), 268–9
The Fall of Troy (film), 6
Falsely Accused! (film), 66–7
Famous Players-Lasky Film Company, 106, 265, 267, 271, 273
Farmers’ Alliance, 40
Fast, Howard
Freedom Road, 256
feminism, 8
Ferguson, Judge, 154–5
Fields, W. C., 267
Fildew, Billy, 102
film and filmmaking
Birth’s innovations, 278–81
Civil War as a genre, 181–2
controversial films, 7–8
early U.S. context, 3–4
educational legal status, 173
frame count, 245
gaining respectability, 114–15, 116
Griffith’s techniques, 74–7
historical representation and, 171–4
increased demand for films, 68–9
innovative techniques, 75–7
introduction of sound, 53
lengths of films, 72
narrative, 114
the Pathé camera, 94–5
racial stereotypes, 132
representations of Lincoln, 188
rivalry with live theatre, 4
sex and, 6
shooting Birth, 94–6
social effects on audiences, 249–53
synchronized sound, 242, 245
film criticism
audience passivity, 225
on creative roles, 122
on pioneering role of Birth, 5
recent work on Birth, 11–13
study of Birth, 245–6, 249
style-substance dichotomy, 283–4
film reviews (general)
early screenings of Birth, 117–18
first release of Birth, 121–5
responses to Birth, 4–5
Fitzmorris, Charles, 151
Fitzsimmons, Bob, 219
Flagler, Henry, 265
The Flaming Sword (Dixon), 258–9, 270
Fleener, Nicki, 145
Fleming, Walter L., 141, 191, 195
The Prescript of the Ku Klux Klan, 192
Flexner’s (Bernard) Book Store, Louisville, 61
A Fool and a Girl (Griffith), 65, 66
The Foolish Virgin (film), 269
A Fool’s Errand: By One of the Fools (Tourgée), 192–5
A Fool’s Revenge (film), 105
For the Love of Gold (film), 75
Ford, Charles E., 53
Ford, John, 273, 275
Ford, Wally, 259
Forman, Henry James
Our Movie-Made Children, 251–2
Forrest Gump (film), 263
Forrest Theater, Philadelphia, 155
Fort Apache, the Bronx (film), 8
Foster, Will, 167
Fox, Steven R., 150
Fox Films, 265
Frank, Leo M., 232
Franklin, John Hope
influence of Birth, 206
on Tourgée, 193
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 208
Frazier, Edward Franklin, 251
Freedmen’s Bureau, 21, 196
Wilson on, 200
Freedom Road (Fast), 256
Freeman, Edward A.
History of the Norman Conquest, 211
Freeman, William, 89, 123
French, Daniel Chester, 186
Frissell, Hollis B., 145
Frissell, S. S., 140
Frobisher School of Drama, 33
The Fugitive (film), 68
Fulton, A. R., 102
Funkhouser, Major Lucius C., 151
Gage, Howard, 174
Gaige,
Crosby, 48
Gaines, Jane, 11, 12, 169
Garner, James W., 191
Gaye, Howard, 88
The Gentle Cyclone (film), 269
Gessner, Robert R., 245–6
Gibson, Charles Dana, 116
Gibson, Dr William, 10
The Girl Who Stayed Home (film), 265, 273
Gish, Dorothy, 70, 83–4
Gish, Lillian, 20, 70, 282
on actors, 89
black actors and, 87
cast in Birth, 83, 85
copyright dispute, 262
earlier career, 83–4
on editing of Birth, 102, 105
on film preparations, 90–1
on Griffith, 99, 100–1, 171
on Griffith’s turning point, 263
The Hearts of the World, 264
later career, 274
later Griffith films, 265, 266
loyalty to Griffith, 78
on the musical score, 107
photographs of, 19, 84, 217
on shooting Birth, 92, 93–4, 95
Gleaves, Richard H., 174
Gobineau, Joseph de, 210, 216
Godard, Jean-Luc
Je Vous Salue Marie, 8
The Godfather (film), 8
Goines, P. A., 160–1
Goldman, Eric F., 186
Goldstein, Robert J., 97, 176–7
Spirit of ’76, 272–3
Goldwyn, Sam, 271
Gone With the Wind (film), 9, 268
inspires Birth remake plans, 259–60, 261
Lost Cause myth, 181–2
Gordon, John B., 178
Grant, Madison
The Passing of a Great Race, 213
Grant, Ulysses S., 29
death of, 180
historical reference, 174, 175, 176
Lee’s surrender, 176, 178
portrayal of, 88
The Great Love (film), 264
The Great Train Robbery (film), 75, 76
The Greatest Question (film), 273
The Greatest Thing in Life (film), 264
Greaves, William, 282
Greene, Graham, 5
Greensboro Massacre, 10
Gregory, Thomas B., 142
Grieg, Edvard, 107
Grieveson, Lee, 172
Griffin, Linda Arvidson Johnson. See Arvidson, Linda
Griffin, Sean, 281
Griffith, Charles B., 240–1
Griffith, David Wark
acting career, 61–4
in films, 67
in One Woman, 52
plays Lincoln, 63
stage names, 62
appearance and character, 99
images of, 84
musical ability, 105
Nerney on, 152
relationships with actresses, 85
defending Birth
in Boston, 142–3
copyright dispute, 262
fights censorship, 133
Mayor Mitchel meeting, 138–9
NAACP and, 134
remake plans, 258, 259
directing career, 21, 166
The Battle of Elderbrush Gulch, 21
at Biograph, 67–74
Birth most successful film, 268
Civil War genre, 181–2
finances, 119
later films, 263–8
leaves Biograph, 74
Papers of, 13
praise for Birth, 278–81
professional ability, 74–7
reputation, 13
signs with Zukor, 271
working on Birth, 98–101
ideas and opinions
expressed racism of, 80, 191, 254–5, 278–85
prohibition of alcohol, 219
Reconstruction controversy, 190–200
revived Klan and, 239
on World War I, 208
making Birth
casting, 83–9
cheered at premiere, 25–6
editing, 16
interested in The Clansman, 54
photographs of, 56
rehearsals, 89–92
response to film screenings, 117
shooting, 92–6
synchronized sound, 242
view of film as history, 171–7
White House screening, 111
personal life
biographies of, 11
death of, 261, 268
at Lofty Green Farm, 55–60
in Louisville, 61
reinvention of own past, 255
writing career
early attempts, 65–6
filmscripts, 66–7
Griffith, Jacob Wark (father), 55–9, 201
Griffith, Lawrence. See Griffith, David Wark
Griffith, Mary (née Oglesby, mother), 56–8, 60, 62
Griffith, Mattie (sister), 60
Griffith, Ruth (sister), 60
Griffith, Thurston (cousin), 201
Griffith, Wheeler (sister), 58
Griffith, Will (brother), 59
Griffith (D.W.) Award, 10–11
Griffith family
history of, 55–6
move to Louisville, 60–1
slavery and, 59
Grindon, Leger, 279
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of, 209
The Guardian (newspaper), 141
The Guerrilla (film), 68
Guinn v. United States, 132
Gunning, Tom, 69, 76, 77, 114
Hackett, Francis, 138
Hackett, James K., 65
Haddock, William, 54
Hallinan, Charles T., 133
Hallowell, J. Mott, 150
Hamilton, J. G. de Roulac, 191
Hampton, Benjamin
A History of the Movies, 5
Hampton, L., 98
Hampton Institute, 145, 164, 225
Hare, Harlow, 278–9
Harper’s Pictorial History of the Civil War, 176
Harrison, J., 98
Harrison, Louis Reeves, 77
Harrison, Mr. and Mrs. Carter H., 151
Harron, Robert, 70, 85, 88, 273
Hart, Albert Bushnell, 165
Hart, William S., 265
Hay, John, 184, 186–7, 212
Hayes, Rutherford B., 179
Haynes, Hunter C., 167
Hays, Arthur Garfield, 247
Hays, Will, 239
NAACP appeals to, 248
remake plans, 259
sound version of Birth, 242–3
Hays Code. See Production Code
Haywood, Rev. Oscar, 239
Hearst, William Randolph, 267
The Heart of an Outlaw (film), 70
The Hearts of the World (film), 255, 264, 273
Heck, William A., 159
Hegel, Georg W. F., 210
Henabery, Joseph E.
copyright dispute, 262
directing career, 275
on Griffith, 99, 100
Lincoln and, 88, 89, 174
on rehearsals, 90
on shooting Birth, 93
Henderson, Robert M., 11, 73
Herbert, Victor, 268
Herndon, William Henry, 186–7
Herrick, Howard, 124
Higham, John, 215
Hill, Elias, 204
His Trust (film), 68, 72, 80
His Trust Fulfilled (film), 68, 80
history
academic arguments, 172
film as documenting, 171–7
See also Civil War; Reconstruction; United States
History of the American People (Wilson), 21, 175
Anglo-Saxonism, 211
A History of the American People (Wilson), 192, 198–200
History of the Anglo-Saxons (Turner), 211
History of the Germanic People (Tacitus), 211
A History of the Movies (Hampton), 5
History of the Norman Conquest (Freeman), 211
Hitler, Adolf, 209, 254
Hodges, Elijah, 227
Hofstadter, Richard
, 210
Holden, William W., 29–30
Holmes, Rev. John Haynes, 135
Home Sweet Home (film), 79, 83, 85
homosexuality, 8
The Honor of His Family (film), 68
hooks, bell, 223, 225
House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), 255–6
The House with Closed Shutters (film), 68
Howe, Elizabeth M., 192, 195
Howe, Frederic C., 131, 134, 136, 137, 160, 164
Howells, William Dean, 36
Huff, Theodore, 11
Huntingdon, R. J., 98
Huston, Walter, 268
Hutchinson, Earl Ofari, 278
Hylan, John F., 228
Idol Dancer (film), 265
In Old Kentucky (film), 68, 181
In the Border States (film), 68
In Washington’s Time (Griffith), 65
Ince, Ralph, 76, 188
Ince, Thomas H., 76, 166, 181, 270
The Informer (film), 68
Inscoe, John C., 12, 162
The Inside History of the Harding Administration (Dixon and Daugherty), 270
Inslee, Charles, 67
Intolerance (film), 65, 242, 263–4, 266, 271, 273, 274
“The Invisible Empire” (Tourgée), 192–5
Isn’t Life Wonderful (film), 267
Ivanhoe (Scott), 211
Jackson, Helen Hunt
Ramona, 64
Jackson, R. R., 152
Jacobs, Lewis, 279, 281
The Rise of the American Film, 5, 255, 256
Janowitz, Jane, 164
Janowitz, Rose, 163, 166
Japan, 213, 214–15
Jay Ward Enterprises, 262
Je Vous Salue Marie (film), 8
Jeffries, Jim, 132
Jerome, V. J.
The Negro in Hollywood Films, 257–8
Jesionoswki, Joyce, 13
Jewel Theater, Denver, 247
Jews, 215
Johns Hopkins University, 32–3
Johnson, Andrew, 44, 202
Johnson, Arthur, 67, 70
Johnson, Jack, 132, 145, 219–21
Johnson, Linda Arvidson. See Arvidson, Linda
Johnson, Robert, 160
Johnson, Tom L., 134
Johnston, Joseph E., 180
Johnston, Mary, 179
Jones, Sir William, 209
Jones, Wesley L., 149
Jordan, Michael J., 146
Journal of Commerce (newspaper), 118
Jozajtis, Kris, 13
Judith of Bethulia (film), 64, 73–4, 78, 263, 266
Kagan, Norman, 208
Kalem Company, 85, 181
multireel productions, 114
Kansas City Journal (newspaper), 175
Kaufman, J. B., 13
Kauser, Alice, 48
Keil, Charlie, 13, 284
Kemble, George, 242, 244
Kemble, John M.
The Saxons in England, 211
Kennaday, Paul, 135
Kennedy, Jeremiah J.
Biograph Company and, 69
relations with Griffith, 71, 73–4
Kennedy, John Pendelton, 179
Killiam, Paul, 262
Kinemacolor of America, 53–4
King, Rodney, 10, 277
King, Wilbur, 157
King of Kings (film), 7
Kirkwood, James, 70
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