Napoleon
Page 78
16. Bernoyer, 104, 76
17. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 52; Andy Martin, 67; Bulletins, 108–9
18. Claire de Rémusat, Mémoires, I/274
19. Pelleport, I/129, also Guitry, 150–2
20. Pelleport, I/130; Moiret, 65. See also Bernoyer, 79–80 and Guitry, 162
21. Moiret, 58, 53; Garros, 139; Lavalette, 188; Guitry, 117; Miot, 98–9; Bielecki, I/56
22. Guitry, 181
23. Bernoyer, 94, 100; Moiret, 33–4, 54; Niello-Sargy, I/194–5; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 389; Abrantès, III/69–70; Niello-Sargy, I/194–5; see also Gourgaud, I/106, 218
24. Masson, Napoléon et les Femmes, 57–62; Niello-Sargy, 199–204; Napoleon, Mémoires, II/158–9; Fourès, 165–6; Launay, 215; Beauharnais, I/45. For various versions of the event: Gourgaud, II/115; Bernoyer, 118–23; Garros, 140
25. CG, II/399–400, 513
26. Napoleon, Correspondance, V/221
16: Plague
1. Moiret, 64, 78
2. CG, II/867; Lavalette, 109; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 411. See also Vigo-Roussillon, 81 and Des Genettes, Souvenirs, 29
3. Bernoyer, 139–40; Guitry, 250–1
4. Bernoyer, 142–3; Pelleport, I/140
5. Millet, 83; Niello-Sargy, I/253–7; Bernoyer, 146; Guitry, 266; Lacorre, 90
6. Des Genettes, Souvenirs, 15; Miot, 145–7; Vigo-Roussillon, 83–4
7. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 419–23
8. Des Genettes, Histoire Médicale, 49–50; Garros, 143; Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 87; Dwyer, Napoleon, 424
9. CG, II/872–3; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 425; Bernoyer, 153
10. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 395; CG, II/874
11. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 424; Bernoyer, 153
12. Des Genettes, Souvenirs, 17
13. Bernoyer, 163–4. His later claim that he was intending to take Constantinople and come at Austria through the Balkans, or become a Muslim and lead an army to India can be dismissed as the hot air of an ageing bore
14. CG, II/910–16, 920; Napoleon, Mémoires, II/560–1
15. Beauharnais, I/64; Pelleport, I/155
16. Vigo-Roussillon, 87; Bernoyer, 180–1; Niello-Sargy, I/295 says Bonaparte suggested it but doesn’t confirm it was carried out at Acre, and reports what he heard about events at Jaffa, 319–23; Marmont, II/12, defends Bonaparte’s action; Larrey, in Guitry 317–19, claims all the wounded were evacuated; Pelleport, I/156, claims the wounded and sick were evacuated on boats from Jaffa; Lavalette, 215, says the whole story is an atrocious calumny; see also Documents particuliers, 120–2; Bernoyer, 164–5, who claims to have had the story from Desgenettes himself, thought it praiseworthy; Bourrienne, 1831, II/336–40, is typical, admitting he never saw anything but making various claims. According to Bonaparte (Las Cases, 1983, I/150–2), there were only seven men involved
17. CG, II/918–21; Lavalette, 215. See also Bourrienne, 1831, II/335 and Niello-Sargy, I/291–99
18. Millet, 128–9
19. Dwyer, Napoleon, 437; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 431, estimates it was one-fifth. On opinions of those who lamented Napoleon’s decision to march out of Egypt, see for instance, Lavalette, 217
20. Niello-Sargy, I/306–7; Bernoyer, 168; Vigo-Roussillon, 89 claims it fooled nobody
21. CG, II/849, 941
22. Ibid., 952–4, 972, 1032, passim
23. Niello-Sargy, I/324–7
24. Englund, 131
25. CG, II/1042
26. Vigo-Roussillon, 96–7, 91, 101; Guitry, 342
27. See Guitry, 354–5 for the classic version, propounded by Bonaparte himself; Niello-Sargy, I/343–57; For a full discussion of this see Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 437–42
28. Launay, 222, erroneously claims she sailed with him; see also Masson, Napoléon et les Femmes, 62–3 and Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 442
29. Vigo-Roussillon, 102
30. Guitry, 361
31. Launay, 224
32. Denon, 340; Bourrienne, 1829, III/7–8; Lavalette, 221
33. Launay, 225
34. Carrington, Portrait, 82; Le Nabour, 70–1; Denon, 340–1; Méneval, I/11
17: The Saviour
1. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 453; Marmont, II/51–2; Raza, 24
2. Boulart, 67–8
3. Coston, I/511; Marbot, I/45–8
4. Barante, I/44; Béranger, 70; Dwyer, Napoleon, 462; Tulard, Brumaire, 67
5. Molé, 122
6. Barante, I/40
7. Andigné, I/404; Barante, I/44; Ségur, Histoire, II/1
8. McMahon, 109, 77, 97
9. Dwyer, Napoleon, 458–61
10. Thibaudeau, 1
11. Chastenay, 311; Tulard, Brumaire, 79
12. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 448; Vandal, l’Avènement, I/244; CG, II/1089
13. Collot, 20; Vandal, l’Avènement, I/244; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 459
14. Masson, Napoléon et sa Famille, I/259–60; see also Le Nabour, 74–5
15. Barras, IV/31–3; Bourrienne, 1829, III/38, claims it was him; Collot, 33, gave him similar advice
16. Bourrienne, 1829, III/37, insists Bonaparte would not let her in for three days
17. Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/429–31
18. Fouché, 1957, 61
19. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/233
20. Ibid., 258
21. See Bourrienne, 1829, III/43–6
22. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 465; Tulard, Brumaire, 88–90; Joseph, Mémoires, I/77
23. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/272–4
24. See Lavalette, 228–32
25. Talleyrand, Mémoires, 49–50; Arnault, 748
26. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/292–3; Lavalette, 227–8; Lucien Bonaparte, I/297; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 469; see also Thibaudeau, 3
27. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/293–4; Tulard, Brumaire, 103
18: Fog
1. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/304
2. Ibid., 305; see also Barras, IV/70–2 and Bourrienne, 1831, III/68–9
3. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/314
4. Ibid., 316
5. Ibid., 317
6. Ibid., 325; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 479
7. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/337–9, 344
8. Ibid., 340–3
9. Tulard, Brumaire, 127; Tulard, Fouché, 115–16; also, Bourrienne, 1831, III/82; Savary, I/241; Fouché, 1957, 79
10. Dwyer, Napoleon, 491; Tulard, Brumaire, 128
11. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/364
12. Joseph, Mémoires, I/79
13. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/367; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 483; Girardin, I/170; Napoleon, Mémoires, II/561; Bourrienne, 1829, III/83–5
14. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/371–2; see also Bourrienne, 1829, III/91
15. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/373–5
16. Ibid., 378
17. Ibid., 381
18. Ibid., 386–7
19. Ibid., 387–9; according to Lucien Bonaparte, I/365, Bonaparte shouted, ‘And if they resist, kill! kill!’
20. Dwyer, Napoleon, 503; one hundred according to Tulard, Brumaire, 146; eighty according to Collot, 28
21. Lentz, Le Grand Consulat (henceforth GC), 83–4
22. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/394–9; on Brumaire, see also Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/433–47; Roederer, III/296–306; Napoleon, Mémoires, II/367–401
23. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/393
24. Tulard, Brumaire, 153–4
25. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/276
26. Bourrienne, 1829, III/105–6; Lentz, GC, 13
27. Vandal, l’Avènement, I/400–1; also Bourrienne, 1831, III/105–8 and Abrantès, II/383
19: The Consul
1. Roederer, III/2–3
2. Napoleon, Mémoires, II/405; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/442
3. Napoleon, Mémoires, II/411–12; Garros, 157
4. Napoleon, Mémoires, II/405–7; Fouché, 1957, 85; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/490; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 507; Tulard, Brumaire, 157
5. Fouché, 1957, 87; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/443–4; Roederer, III/320–1; CG, II/1094
6. Lentz, GC, 196
7. Bourrienne, 1829, III/129–32
8. Napoleon, Mémoires, II/433
9. Fouché, 1957, 90; Napoleon, Mémoires, II/436; Tulard, Brumaire, 155
10. Napoleon, Mémoires, II/439
11. Garros, 159; Lentz, GC, 109; Lareveillère-Lepaux, II/423; Napoleon, Mémoires, II/438
12. Tulard, Napoléon ou le mythe, 120; Lentz, GC, 164; see also Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 525
13. Boudon, Histoire, 50; Lentz, GC, 112
14. Lentz, GC, 112
15. Ibid., 119
16. Garros, 160
17. Roederer, III/305–6
18. Chaptal quoted in Boudon, Histoire, 55; Bourrienne, 1829, III/129–32
19. Ernouf, 217
20. Fouché, 1957, 48, 97; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/469
21. Bouillé, I/405–6; Lentz, GC, 166
22. Lentz, GC, 153–4, 159–61
23. Hauterive, Napoléon et sa Police, 143, 197; Tulard, Napoléon ou le mythe, 136
24. Healey, The Literary Culture of Napoleon, Appendix B
25. Defranceschi, 14–25
26. Waresquiel, 284; Lentz, GC, 101
27. Hyde de Neuville, I/269
28. Andigné, I/414–16, 417–18, 420; Hyde de Neuville, I/270–2
29. CG, II/1118–19; Tulard, Napoléon ou le mythe, 132, 134; Lentz, GC, 322
30. Mollien, I/24; Dumas, III/168; Molé, 174; Ségur, Histoire, II/1–2
20: Consolidation
1. Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/470
2. Garros, 163–4; Barante, I/54; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/488; Lentz, GC, 209; Thibaudeau, 2–7; Chastenay, 297
3. Hortense, I/69
4. Garros, 164; see also Bourrienne, 1829, IV/3
5. Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/464; Roederer, III/335
6. Molé, 175
7. Claire de Rémusat, Mémoires, I/103–4; Staël, Considérations, XIII/194
8. Fain, Mémoires, 291; Chaptal, 195; Chuquet, III/233–4; Saint-Denis, 170; Abell, 235
9. Choiseul-Gouffier, 100; Abrantès, III/194, 363; Staël, Considérations, XIII/195, 206–7; Marmont, I/297; Claire de Rémusat, Mémoires, I/101–2, 116–17, 112; Saint-Elme, 354; Bourrienne, 1829, XIII/228
10. Beugnot, I/457
11. Lentz, GC, 359; Las Cases, 1983, II/304–5; Thiard, 41; Bigarré, 152; Claire de Rémusat, Mémoires, I/224
12. Molé, 137, 243
13. Roederer, III/302–3
14. Lucien Bonaparte, I/384; Masson, Napoléon et sa Famille, I/319
15. Fontaine, Journal, I/7; Fontaine, Les Maisons, 318–19, 330
16. Chaptal, 329; Fain, Mémoires, 287–9
17. CG, II/1099, 1106; Fain, Mémoires, 289, 456–9; Chaptal, 225; Fleury de Chaboulon, III/176; see also Bourrienne, 1829, IV/60–1
18. Molé, 158
19. Las Cases, 1983, I/416, 652, 618–19; Las Cases, 1905, II/567; Thiard, 33–4
20. Abrantès, Roman Inconnu, xv; Bourrienne, 1829, IV/36–7
21. Thibaudeau, 14–16
22. Rousseau, 25, 141
23. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 625
24. Rousseau, 106; Roederer, III/334
25. Constant, Journal Intime, 224
26. Lentz, GC, 428; Lefèbvre, 84
27. Lentz, GC, 156
28. Thibaudeau, 69
29. Lentz, GC, 132
30. Garros, 158
31. Lentz, GC, 97; Andigné, I/407; Hyde de Neuville, I/252
32. Bailleu, I/357; Barante, I/50–1
21: Marengo
1. CG, II/1114–15
2. CG, III/43–4; Lentz, GC, 220; Rose, 14, 288–9
3. Guitry, 362–3, 366–8; Savary, I/183; Pelleport, I/163; Moiret, 119–22; Des Genettes, Souvenirs, 37; Alexander Rodger, 131; Napoleon, Mémoires, III/247; see also Las Cases, 1983, II/169–72
4. CG, III/241, 308; Tombs, 394
5. Méneval, I/88–93; see also Lucien Bonaparte, I/377
6. Lentz, GC, 227; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/474; CG, III/98, 41, 120; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 547
7. CG, III/148
8. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 550
9. CG, III/216; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 548
10. CG, III/168–70; Garros, 169–70
11. CG, III/222; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/522
12. Napoleon, Mémoires, III/37
13. CG, III/235, 238
14. Napoleon, Mémoires, III/38; Griois, I/120
15. Bourrienne, 1829, IV/91–2; Napoleon, Mémoires, III/39, 40; Savary, I/253–4; CG, III/271
16. CG, III/278
17. Bulletins, 136; Masson, Napoléon et les Femmes, 84; Gourgaud, I/217, II/92, claims it was after Marengo
18. CG, III/300
19. Lentz, GC, 234
20. Victor, 179
21. Savary, I/265–80; Marmont, II/125–36; Napoleon, Mémoires, III/33–69; Victor, 160–89
22. CG, III/301
23. Ibid., 303, 312
24. Ibid., 318
25. Bulletins, 145, 147
26. Lentz, GC, 230
27. Josephine, Correspondance, 101
28. Lentz, GC, 377–8
29. Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/524
30. Roederer, III/330–1
31. Savary, I/313; Lentz, GC, 261; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/530
22: Caesar
1. Bertrand, Lettres, 29
2. CG, III/386; Waresquiel, 320–1; see also Tulard, Fiévée, 126–7; Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/714; Remacle, 368; Westmorland, I/50ff; Méneval, I/226–32; Bourrienne, 1829, V/107–8; Miot de Melito, II/157–8; Desmarest, 273–4; Masson, Napoléon et sa Famille, I/323
3. Girardin, I/189; see also Roederer, III/336
4. Desmarest, 33
5. Ségur, Un aide de camp, 47
6. Hauterive, Napoléon et sa Police, 48
7. Castanié, 231; Réal, I/359
8. Mollien, I/221–2
9. Bergeron, 29
10. Branda, Secrets, 70–6; see also Saada, 25–49
11. Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/567
12. Thibaudeau, 77; Lentz, GC, 370–1; Pelet de la Lozère, 8; Roederer, III/382
13. Rapp, 20; Thibaudeau, 257; Las Cases, 1983, I/207
14. Thibaudeau, 77; Molé, 411–12; Roederer, III/382; Lucien Bonaparte, I/373
15. Pelet de la Lozère, 11; Méneval, I/412–21
16. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 567; Lafayette, V/248, also 117, 138, 143–4, 146–7, 153
17. Thibaudeau, 152; Casanova, 26–8; Gourgaud, I/323; Bourrienne, 1829, IV/276–81; Las Cases, 1983, I/688–9
18. Pelet de la Lozère, 223; Roederer, III/335; CG, V/882
19. Tulard, Fouché, 159
20. Lentz, GC, 264–6; see also Lucien Bonaparte, I/421–32
21. Chastenay, 310; Masson, Napoléon et sa Famille, I/335; Lucien Bonaparte, I/385–6
22. Tulard, Napoléon ou le mythe, 157; Espitalier, 292–3
23. Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/535–7; Decaen, II/292; Claire de Rémusat, Mémoires, I/192; Abrantès, II/372–3
24. Castanié, 17–18; Sparrow
25. Marquis, 211, 257–8; Castanié, 26–7
26. Barante, I/72
23: Peace
1. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 601
2. CG, III/588
3. Ibid., 664–5
4. Bertaud, Forrest & Jourdan, 40; Uglow, 282; CG, III/509, 136
5. Las Cases, 1905, II/516; Cornwallis, 406; Grainger, 60
6. CG, III/913–16; Joseph, Mémoires, I/231; see also Cornwallis, 389–90
7. Josephine, Correspondance, 110
8. Méneval, I/132, 145
9. Raza, 188
10. Méneval, I/142; Bigarré, 128; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 603; Ségur, Un aide de camp, 70–1; see also Abrantès, IV/326–62
11. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 571; Josephine, Correspondance, 121–2
12. Bonaparte, CG, III/71–2, regarded the treaty as not favourable enough; Masson, Napoléon et sa Famille, II/96–7; Lucien Bonaparte, II/107, 113, 122, 219
&nb
sp; 13. Staël, Dix Années, 65
14. Ibid., 18; Girardin, I/236
15. Lafayette, V/164; Lentz, GC, 317
16. Consalvi, 100–1; Lentz, GC, 311
17. Consalvi, 130–6, 147, 151–7, 342ff
18. Lentz, GC, 320
19. Fugier, 121
20. Ibid., 122
21. Ibid., 124
22. Ibid., 25
24: The Liberator of Europe
1. Grainger, 50–2; Uglow, 282; Bouillé, II/468; Tombs, 396
2. Roederer, III/430
3. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 669
4. Las Cases, 1983, I/690
5. Thibaudeau, 13; see also Bourrienne, 1829, IV/280
6. Lentz, GC, 330
7. Ibid., 332–3; Bartel, 254; Charles Napoléon, 224; CG, III/1178
8. Lentz, GC, 448
9. Napoleon, Vues Politiques, 211–13, 228; Ségur, Histoire, II/233–4; Lentz, GC, 450
10. Réal, I/38–9
11. Lentz, GC, 347
12. Murat, Lettres, II/30; Remacle, 30–1; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 670
13. Lucien Bonaparte, II/107
14. Thibaudeau, 237
15. Lentz, GC, 339; Molé, Souvenirs, 234–7
16. Lentz, GC, 340
17. Ibid.
18. Josephine, Correspondance, 97; Masson, Napoléon et sa Famille, II/150ff
19. Josephine, Correspondance, 98–100; Chevallier & Pincemaille, 312–13
20. Lentz, GC, 341; Lentz, Nouvelle Histoire du Premier Empire (henceforth NHPE), I/59; Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 675
21. Lafayette, V/199
22. Cornwallis, 406
23. Lefèbvre, 144
24. Ibid., 123
25. Gueniffey, Bonaparte, 680
26. Miot de Melito, I/317–18; Girardin, I/286
27. Fain, Mémoires, 224–6; Méneval, III/43; Chevallier & Pincemaille, 303
28. Fontaine, I/26–8, 38, 53; Divova, 51, 72, 88, 128; Fiszerowa, 245–6; Pamiętnik Stanisława Zamoyskiego, in Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Adama Mickiewicza, etc, p. 200; Berry, 163
29. Edgeworth, 55; Greathead, 11–13, 55–6; Farington, 1906; Fiszerowa, 245–6; Burney, 271
30. Sédouy, 36
25: His Consular Majesty
1. Alger, 53; Grainger, 81–2
2. Cambacérès, Mémoires, I/569
3. CG, III/1225
4. Thibaudeau, 120–1
5. Branda & Lentz, 19–22, 192
6. CG, III/600; Branda & Lentz, 120
7. Branda & Lentz, 84–5
8. Ibid., 168; Gourgaud, I/278
9. Branda & Lentz, 72–3, 86–7; CG, III/853–4
10. Roederer, III/334; CG, III/837–43, 850–1, 1227
11. CG, III/957–8; Branda & Lentz, 131