by Cliff, Nigel
Hundred Years War, ref1, ref2
intellectual impact of Muslim Iberia, ref1n
Islamic threat to, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6n, ref7n, ref8
mapmaking in, ref1
medieval life, filth and aromas of, ref1
Mongol invasion, ref1, ref2
Mongols and access to Asia, ref1
Mongols as biblical scourge, ref1n
Muslim bandits and, ref1, ref2n
mythology of Europa, ref1, ref2n
spice merchants, ref1
spice use in, ref1
superstition in, ref1
Viking invasions, ref1, ref2
Évora, Portugal, ref1
Faqih, Jauhar al-, ref1, ref2n
Fatimids, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6n
Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, ref1
Ferdinand, Prince of Portugal, ref1
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, ref1, ref2
Columbus and, ref1, ref2
conquest of Granada, ref1
ethnic cleansing by, Inquisition, ref1
expulsion of Muslims and Jews, ref1
letter from Manuel I, ref1
Manuel I as son-in-law, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Spanish Inquisition and, ref1
treaty with Portugal, ref1
Ferdinand I of Aragon, ref1
Ferdinand I of Portugal (the Handsome), ref1
Fitch, Ralph, ref1, ref2n
Florence, ref1, ref2, ref3n, ref4n
France, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5. See also specific monarchs
alliance with Ottoman Empire, ref1, ref2n, ref3n
Battle of Poitiers, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Cathars of, ref1n
English invasion (1415), ref1, ref2
invasion of Italy, ref1n
Islamic invasion, ref1
League of Cambrai, ref1, ref2n
Renaissance, ref1
Francis I of France, ref1, ref2n
Frederick I, Emperor, ref1
Frederick II, Emperor, ref1, ref2
Fulcher of Chartres, ref1n
Gama, Álvaro da (son), ref1n
Gama, Cristóvão da (son), ref1n
Gama, Estêvão da (cousin), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Gama, Estêvão da (son), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Gama, Francisco da (son), ref1, ref2n
Gama, Gaspar da (Venetian-speaking man from Goa), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Cabral’s mission of 1500 and, ref1
Gama, Paulo da (brother)
as adviser to brother, Vasco, ref1, ref2
as captain, São Rafael, ref1, ref2, ref3
death of, ref1
kidnapping of Gama and crew and, ref1
suspicions of man from Goa, ref1
Gama, Paulo da (son), ref1, ref2n
Gama, Pedro da (son), ref1n
Gama, Vasco da, ref1
as Admiral of India, ref1, ref2, ref3
anti-Muslim sentiments, ref1, ref2
appearance, ref1, ref2
background, family, court career, ref1
birth date, place, ref1, ref2n
burial at Belém (1538), ref1n
burial in Cochin, ref1
character and personality, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9n
as Count of Vidigueira, ref1, ref2n
as Crusader, ref1, ref2
death of, ref1, ref2n
desire for rank, ref1
fame of, ref1, ref2
as a fidalgo, ref1, ref2n
hero’s welcome for, ref1
honors upon return to Portugal, ref1
islands named after, ref1n
King John and, ref1
King Manuel and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6n
last wishes, ref1, ref2n
marriage to Catarina de Ataíde, ref1
men’s loyalty to, ref1, ref2
oath of allegiance, ref1
in Order of Santiago, ref1, ref2, ref3n
rewards for, ref1, ref2
right to command, ref1n
search for Asian sea route, ref1, ref2, ref3
Sines and, ref1, ref2, ref3
titles of, ref1
vendetta against Zamorin, ref1, ref2, ref3
as Viceroy of India, ref1
wealth of, ref1
VOYAGE OF 1497, ref1, ref2, ref3
animals killed, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Arab fleet threatens attack, ref1
Berrio, men of, ref1
bishop of Tangier and, ref1
brother, Paulo and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
brute force used by, ref1
at Calicut, ref1
Canary Islands and, ref1
cannon and weaponry, ref1, ref2
Cape of Good Hope and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Cape Verde Islands, ref1, ref2, ref3n
capture of boat and hostages, ref1
careening of ships, ref1, ref2
Chronicler of voyage, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26n
Coelho reports to king, ref1
crew as Crusaders for Christ, ref1
Crusader crosses and Order of Christ banner, ref1
daily life at sea, ref1, ref2
daily rations, ref1, ref2n
degredados with, ref1, ref2, ref3
departure from Belém, ref1, ref2n
disappearance of Pole Star, ref1
ditty sung at changing of the watch, ref1
encounters with Africans, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6n
encounter with Arabs/Muslims of Malindi, ref1, ref2, ref3n
encounter with Arabs/Muslims of Mombasa, ref1
encounter with Arabs/Muslims of Mozambique, ref1, ref2n
food obtained en route, ref1
Gama wounded, ref1, ref2, ref3n
gifts brought, and mistakes about, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hinduism, mistaken for Christianity, ref1
hostages taken by, ref1, ref2, ref3
Indian Ocean crossing, ref1
Indian Ocean reached by, ref1
India reached by, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
injuries of men, ref1
instructions from Dias, ref1
instruments used by pilots, ref1, ref2n
interpreters, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
João de Coimba as pilot, ref1, ref2
length of voyage, ref1
men sailing with, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Monçaide (merchant of Tunis) and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
navigation charts for king, ref1, ref2n
new route to Cape of Good Hope, ref1, ref2n
Nicolau Coelhu as captain of Berrio, ref1 (see also Coelho, Nicolau)
padrões (boundary markers) set up by, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6n
Pêro de Alenquer as pilot, ref1, ref2
pilots for Indian Ocean crossing, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7n
pirate raid on, from Pate, ref1, ref2n
plots against, in Calicut, ref1, ref2
from Portugal to Indian Ocean, ref1
preparations for voyage, ref1, ref2
religious practices on ship, ref1, ref2
return journey to Portugal, ref1
return to Portugal, ref1, ref2n
river sojourn in East Africa, ref1
St. Helena Bay named, ref1
sailor’s garb, ref1, ref2n
São Gabriel, men of, ref1
São Gabrie
l chosen as flagship, ref1
São Gabriel returns to Portugal, ref1
São Rafael, men of, ref1, ref2
São Rafael burned, ref1
scribes (clerks) with, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
search for Prester John, ref1, ref2, ref3
Seychelles, Madagascar, and, ref1, ref2n
ships for journey, ref1, ref2, ref3
sickness and hardship, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
spices and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
storeship, men of, ref1, ref2
storeship burned, ref1
storm, ref1, ref2n
torture used by, ref1
toxic fungus in bread and, ref1, ref2n
Venetian-speaking man from Goa, ref1, ref2
vow to never set foot ashore, ref1
voyage up Africa’s east coast, ref1
Zamorin letters, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Zamorin of Calicut and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
VOYAGE OF 1502, ref1
accomplishments of, ref1
aggression against and massacre of Arabs, ref1, ref2, ref3n
animals killed, ref1
Brahmin delivers Zamorin’s letter and deception, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Calicut and vengeance, ref1
at Cannanore, ref1
Cannanore and safe harbor, ref1
Cannanore and trade, ref1
cannon of, ref1
captains’ buying list, ref1
careening of ships, ref1, ref2
Christians encountered, ref1
Cochin, ref1, ref2, ref3
Cochin as Europe’s first Indian colony, ref1
conversion of Muslims and, ref1n
Crusader flags, ref1, ref2
daily life at sea, ref1
departure from India, ref1
departure from Lisbon, ref1, ref2n
envoy from Cannanore, ref1
Esmerelda and subfleet commanded by Vicente Sodré, ref1, ref2
execution of Muslims by, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8n, ref9n
expulsion of Muslim merchants and, ref1, ref2
eyewitness accounts, ref1n
fleet of, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Flemish sailor on, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6n, ref7n
Flor de la Mar and Lionarda in need of repairs, ref1, ref2
Flor de la Mar commanded by Estêvão da Gama, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6n
funding by merchants, ref1
Gama’s meeting with Kolattiri, ref1
German sailor’s account, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6n
hostages taken by, ref1, ref2n
Indian Ocean crossing, ref1, ref2, ref3n
journey homeward, ref1, ref2n
Julioa, ref1, ref2
at Kilwa, ref1, ref2n
leaves first permanent European naval presence in Eastern waters, ref1
Gama, voyage of 1502 (cont.)
Leitoa Nova, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Lionarda, ref1, ref2
Lionarda in collision, ref1
Lisbon return, ref1, ref2n
looting and piracy by, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7n
Malindi and, ref1, ref2n
Mîrî booty, ref1, ref2
Mîrî children and, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Mîrî hunchbacked pilot and, ref1
Mîrî massacre, ref1, ref2, ref3n, ref4n
mishaps at sea, ref1, ref2
missing ships reunite with, ref1, ref2
Muslim merchants and, ref1, ref2
rounding Cape of Good Hope, ref1
sailing instructions, ref1
Santo António beaching, ref1
São Gabriel and, ref1
São Gabriel and Santo Antonio sent ahead to Lisbon, ref1, ref2n
São Jerónimo as flagship, ref1
São Paulo sinking, ref1
sickness and hardship, ref1, ref2, ref3
Sodré left to blockade Calicut, ref1
at Sofala, ref1
spice trade and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7n
vow to never set foot ashore, ref1
wounding of, ref1
Zamorin and, ref1, ref2, ref3n
VOYAGE OF 1524, ref1, ref2n
attack on Calicut planned, ref1
at Cannanore, ref1
capture of dhow, ref1
at Chaul, ref1
at Cochin, ref1
confrontation with Spain and, ref1, ref2n
at Goa, ref1
letter of succession with, ref1
as loyal servant to king, ref1
mishaps at sea, ref1
Mozambique reached, ref1
murder of Majorcan captain, ref1, ref2n
Muslim pirates and, ref1
purging of corruption and replacing of personnel, ref1, ref2, ref3
Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai as flagship, ref1
seaquake during, ref1, ref2n
ships for journey, ref1
sickness and hardship, ref1
sons accompanying, ref1, ref2n
women stowaways and, ref1, ref2, ref3
Genghis Khan, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6n
Genoa, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7n
Geography (Ptolemy), ref1
George of Trebizond, ref1
George “the Rich,” Duke of Bavaria, ref1
Germany, ref1
Gibbon, Edward, ref1n
Gibraltar, ref1, ref2, ref3
Strait of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n
Ghuri, Qansuh al-, ref1n
Gilbert of Hastings, ref1n
Goa, ref1, ref2, ref3
Catholic Church in, ref1
Dutch blockade, ref1
existence today, ref1
exposés of Portuguese in, ref1, ref2n
Gama’s flogging of women, ref1
Gama’s voyage of 1524 and, ref1
Hindus persecuted, ref1
hospital at, ref1, ref2n
inhabitants of, ref1
Inquisition in, ref1, ref2, ref3n
lawlessness in, ref1, ref2n
massacre of, ref1
mestiços, ref1
mixed marriages in, ref1
monastery of St. Francis at, ref1
Municipal Council’s letter to King John III, ref1, ref2n
as Portuguese naval base and colony, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
as “Rome of the East,” ref1
slavery in, ref1, ref2
Timoja and, ref1n
tomb of Francis Xavier, ref1, ref2n
Venetian-speaking man from, ref1, ref2
women mistreated in, ref1
Gomes, António, ref1
Gomes, Fernão, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Gonçalves, Afonso, ref1
Granada, Spain, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Malaga, ref1
Greece, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Greenland, ref1n
Gregory VII, Pope, ref1n
Gritti, Giorgio, ref1n
Grotius, Hugo, ref1
Guide for the Perplexed (Maimonides), ref1n
Guiscard, Roger and Robert, ref1n
Hakluyt, Richard, ref1, ref2
Hanno the Navigator, ref1n
Harborne, William, ref1, ref2
Hasdai ibn Shaprut, ref1n
Henry IV of Castile, ref1, ref2n
Henry IV of England, ref1
Henry the Navigator, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n
Ceuta Crusade, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
death
of, ref1
exploration and search for gold, ref1
Isabel, sister of, ref1
Jews employed by, ref1
Knights Templar and, ref1, ref2
legacy of, ref1
legend, image of, ref1, ref2n
piracy and, ref1, ref2
recruiting sailors, ref1
search for Prester John, ref1
slave trade and, ref1
Tangier campaign, ref1
war against Islam and, ref1
Henry V of England, ref1
Heraclius, ref1n
Herodotus, ref1, ref2n, ref3n, ref4, ref5n, ref6
Hinduism
in Goa, ref1
in India, ref1
mistaken for Christianity, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n, ref5n
persecutions, ref1, ref2, ref3
Portuguese atrocity in Goa and, ref1
rules of pollution, ref1, ref2n
suicidal acts of devotion, ref1, ref2n
holy war. See also Crusades; Portugal
alternatives to, ref1
contemporary, origins of, ref1
Crusades as, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Europe against the Ottoman Empire, ref1, ref2
Gama and, ref1
human tragedy of, ref1
Iberia and, ref1
Islamic-Christian, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Last Crusade and, ref1
Luther’s rejection of, ref1n
Manuel I and divine mandate to fight Islam, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Mîrî massacre by Gama, ref1, ref2, ref3n, ref4n
Hormuz, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Portuguese conquest, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Portuguese ejected, ref1
Horns of Hattin, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Houtman, Cornelius de, ref1n
Hundred Years War, ref1, ref2
Hungary, ref1
Ibn Battuta, ref1, ref2n
Ibn Khaldun, ref1, ref2, ref3n
Ibn Majid, Ahmad, ref1n
Ibn Ziyad, Tariq, ref1
India
antiquity of civilization, ref1
beauty of, ref1
Cabral’s mission of 1500, ref1
Calicut (see Calicut, India)
caste system, ref1, ref2n
Christianity in, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8n, ref9n
Christian missionaries and, ref1, ref2
colonial era, ref1n
diplomatic relations with Portugal, ref1
as economic force, ref1n
Europe’s first colony in, ref1
Europe’s first permanent naval presence in Eastern waters, ref1
first European fort at Cochin, ref1
forced conversions to Christianity in, ref1, ref2
Gama reaches (1498), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n
Gama’s voyages, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
