Plains.” There is a genetic marker called Haplo X that occurs in some Native American populations
that was derived from European Caucasians around 7,000 B.C. Haplo X has been found in tribes that
at one time inhabited the northern tier of North America. These include the Sioux and the Yakima on
the northwest Pacific coast. The Great Lakes, Ojibwa also carry this genetic marker.
The following articles describe large skeletons found on the eastern seaboard. The large skeleton
discovered on Amelia Island, Florida and at other locations along the Atlantic seaboard with a double
row of teeth implies a genetic connection to those on the Pacific Coast with the same dental
abnormality.
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1874
Antiquities of Florida, by Augustus Mitchell, M.D., of St. Mary’s, Georgia While in the South during the winter of 1848, pursuing the study and collecting specimens of ornithology, I was impelled by curiosity to examine a mound of moderate size situated on the southern portion of Amelia Island, Florida, being kindly furnished with colored laborers, and aided by Dr. R. Harrison.
This mound was about 15 feet in height, and 30 feet in diameter at the base, flattened and worn by attrition for ages; there having been two growths of love oak upon it, as stated by an old Spanish inhabitant of the place. The soil composing the mound was of a light sandy, yellowish loam.
We commenced the examination by cutting a trench 4 feet wide directly through the center, from the apex to the base, and then another trench at right angles to the former. The excavation revealed a number of relics, and the mode of burial of the mound builders. They must have commenced by digging into the surface of the ground about 2 feet, then, partially filling the excavation with oyster shells, they placed their dead on these in a sitting posture, their legs bent under them, with their faces to the east, and their arms crossed upon the breast, and next spread over them a stratum of earth. The confirmation of the crania found in this mound appears to differ somewhat from that of the present Indians.
The teeth of many crania of this mound were, without exceptions, in a perfect state of preservation, the vitrified enamel of these organs being capable of resisting exposure for centuries. Not one carious tooth was found among the hundreds in the mound. Many were entire in the lower jaw, the whole compactly and firmly set. In some the second set was observed, while one jaw had evident signs of a third set, a nucleus of a tooth being seen beneath the neck of a tooth of a very old jaw.
Pursuing my investigations, and excavating farther toward the southeast face of the mound, I came upon the largest sized stone ax I have ever seen or that had ever been found in that section of the country. Close to it was the largest and most perfect cranium of the mound, not crushed by pressure of the earth, complete in its form, quite dry, and no sand in its cavity, contiguous to this was nearly a quart of red ochre, and quite the same quantity of what seemed to be pulverized charcoal, as materials of war paint. Anticipating a perfect specimen in this skull, I was doomed to disappointment, for, after taking it out of the earth and setting it up so that I could view the fleshless face of this gigantic savage, in the space of two hours it crumbled to pieces, except small portions. According to the measurements of the bones of this skeleton its height must have been quite seven feet.
Coal was freely diffused throughout the mound, which contained but little pottery. Two stone hatchets were found, and a small stone ax, in addition to the large one described. This instrument bore evident marks of fire.
There is one large mound around on the eastern end of Amelia Island, Florida, and two mounds on the central portion of Cumberland Island, Georgia, likewise, most of the Islands on that coast, from which could be obtained large collections of materials for the advancement of ethnological science.
Historical Collections of Virginia, 1845 On the Wappatomaka have been found numerous Indian relics, among which was highly a finished pipe, representing a snake coiled around the bowl. There was also discovered the under jaw bone of a human being (says Keucheval) of great size, which contained eight jaw teeth in each side, of enormous size; and what is more remarkable the teeth stood transversely in the jawbone. It would pass over any man’s face with entire ease.
The Washington Post , February 10, 1890
Indians Seven Feet Tall
Skeletons of a Race of Giants Exhumed at Pleasantville, N. J.
May’s Landing, N. J., Feb. 9-Forover a week past crowds have been flocking to the site of an unearthed Indian graveyard near Edgewater avenue in Pleasantville. The first lot of skeletons unearthed was about 1,000 yards from the city post office, and embraced eight bodies, closely laid together in a deep chamber, snugly packed in with tortoise, oyster, and clam shells. One of this number had bead and shell decorations, which together with its extreme height points to the fact that it must have been the powerful old chief Kineawaugha, whose descendants still own farms along the shore.
Prof. C. H. Farrel of Baltimore: Charles K. Simpson, of New York: John H. Cooley, Jr., of New Haven, Conn., and several gentlemen from the University of Pennsylvania immediately went to the scene. Messrs, Risley and Farr, the owners of the land gave to the Archaeological Association of the University of Pennsylvania the right to search for relics on their land. These researches have been watched by thousands of people with great interest. Besides weapons of war savage ornamental war decorations and numerous valuable shells, stones, &c., over fifty skeletons have been exhumed.
Dr. Charles R. Abbott, curator of the association, is continuing the search, and the skeletons are to be shipped to the university at once. They run in size from small child to several of seven feet in height, and one, supposed to be an old medicine man, Wauneck, must have been at least eight feet in height. About fifty students were upon the ground this morning and continued their search until stopped by rain.
The citizen’s gaze in silent wonder on these relics of a race that at one time ruled the land. For seven miles along the shore can be seen large mounds of clam and oyster shells left here by Indians who used to congregate by hundreds to open oysters for winter food, and it is near these shell mounds that the great number of skeletons have been taken up. In some instances weapons of war made of stone and flint have been found lying beside some of the exceedingly large skeletons. The relics will be put on exhibition at the museum of the university in Philadelphia.
Alton Evening Telegraph, May 3, 1934
Jersey Farmer Plows up Prehistoric Giant's Axe JERSEYVILLE, May 3, (Special) One of the largest axes of prehistoric origin in the memory of residents here was uncovered the past week by Louis Houseman on the farm where he reisides, seven miles northwest of Jerseyville.
The axe was weighed at the post office and lacked but several ounces of 10 pounds. The field where the axe was uncovered had been in cultivation for a number of years, but Housman has a reputation for plowing several inches deeper than the average farmer, and it was to his practice in this respect that the ax was brought to the surface. Houseman recently began farming the place where the find was made.
The ax had been scratched on a former occasion by a plow share, a mark on one of its sides showed. The relic was brought to Jerseyville by Houseman and left at the Munsterman filling station on South State street. He has received several offers for his find, but has refused them.
Much speculation has arisen relative to the physique of the man who carried such a heavy weapon or implement. Such a tool, corresponds to some of the unusually large skeletons of prehistoric men that have been unearthed in western and southwestern Jersey county.
History of the Colony of New Haven, Before and After the Union with Connecticut, 1838 At the settlement of the English, the Indians in the center of the place retired to Indian Point, lying
between East River and the Sound. Here they had a burying ground, the traits of which are now to be
seen. (The house of Daniel Buckingh
am, Esq., stands on one side of the burying ground. In digging
the cellar of the house, a number of skeletons were exhumed, one of which was near eight feet in
length. They were buried in a horizontal position, and appeared to have been laid on a bed of charcoal,
and covered with the same.)
The News, (Frederick Maryland) September 28, 1897
Skeletons of Indian Warriors Mr. John Widgeon, curator of the Maryland Academy of Natural Sciences, Baltimore, Washington county on Saturday for the purpose of securing an Indian skeleton from the land on which the Delaware and Catawba tribes are supposed to have fought a battle 160 years ago. Mr. Widgeon found a skeleton seven and one-half feet long near Sharpsburg, where the Antietam creek empties into the Potomac River. The skeleton was shipped to Baltimore. About two months ago Mr. Otho Gray, a resident of Antietam, unearthed in the same locality a gigantic skeleton, which was sent to the academy of Natural Sciences.
Portsmouth (Ohio) Times, October 2, 1936
Georgia Sand Dunes Yield Startling Proof of a Prehistoric Race of Giants
The Archaeologist Were Mystified at Finding Skeletons of Men Who Were 7 Feet Tall
Professor Holder, archaeologist, is directing the excavation work, which is been sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution. Slowly, painstakingly is endeavoring to place together the slender threads that will lead him into the past. He has explained the options the Smithsonian enterprise will throw important information on a thus far unrecorded tribe and perhaps establish a new link in the history of mankind in North America.
The Golden Isles extend in a chain from Savannah as far south as Fernandina. Today, they are today inhabited by the wealthy Americans.
Today, only one of all the islands still remains open to the public. It is called Saint Simons and Sea Island. And had it not been for the never ceasing studies of modern civilization, it might well be that the new proof of America’s prehistoric giants might never have been found. For it was the ground breaking for
Georgia’s new Glynn County airport-which will be constructed on Sea Island. -That received the first evidences of the find, which has since brought archaeologist fairly tumbling over one another. Workers on the proposed new airport hadn’t set off more than two or three charges of dynamite when they were amazed to find a number of shattered skulls and skeletons scattered about. One of the nation’s leading archaeologists, Dr. F. M. Setzler, of the United States National Museum, was dispatched to the scene. One look, and Dr. Setzler was convinced that the earth beneath the sand dunes would bear importantly upon the history and habits of southern coastal aborigines.
So systematic work began. Some of the first skulls to be disinterred by Preston Holder have been examined at the Smithsonian Institute by Dr. Alex Hedlicka, foremost authority on North American types. According to Dr. Hedlicka, the Sea Island skulls follow closely the Timucuan characteristics, while the pottery, implements and adornments uncovered in and about the village and burial grounds indicate Hichiti or Creek, affinities. That they were an early type of North American Indian is little doubt.
And as science continues to spread eager fingers over the moss-laced quietness of Sea Island, gradually the secrets of those early inhabitants of gigantic stature are being pieced together. In one mound delved into by Holder he found evidence, which led him to believe he had stumbled upon the site of a temporary camp, rather than a permanent village such as that which was located at the airport site.
The mound was composed of at least three layers of shell, each six inches to a foot thick, separated by layers of clean sand one to three feet thick. Very little midden, or garbage was found in the shell, which established Holden’s belief that the site was not permanently occupied. The mound was fifty feet in diameter, with a six-foot raise. Burials were found to have been made immediately beneath the layers of shell.
It was in this mound that the archaeologist made the important discovery of a couple of complete skeletons of a young man, believed to have still been in his teens at the time of his death. From tip to tip it measured exactly six and one-half feet. Every detail of the burial indicated that he had been an important member of the tribe-probably a chieftain, or at least the son of a chieftain.
His bones were arranged with exceeding care. And between his right arm and his side were found three small bone awls, three large deer bone awls and three split and worked bones in the process of being made into implements or weapons. Over his left shoulder were four mussel shell pendants and a chipped stone spear-point, while fastened about his left knee was a string of sea-snail beads, numbering about 80 beads in all. The method of burial disclosed other bones- those of an older man, probably buried previously, had been recklessly disturbed by the giants during their burial of the young chieftain. These had been scattered back into the grave, over those of the younger man, with an abandon which archaeologist say is not all characteristic of the Florida Indians.
Of the first four internments made in this mound, all were of the full-flexed type, or curled up with knees close to the chin. Two of these were children, buried close together in “spoon fashion.” They were heavily covered with hematite paint, a red pigment used by these Indians. One of the skeletons still wore an apron woven of 225 olivelia shell beads. Other burials yielded by the mound were all of the prone or full-extended type. Skulls were lacking from these.
Because of the generally disturbed condition of the contents of the mound, and the lack of order in which the bodies were placed, the excavators surmised that the burials had been made at various timesprobably on fishing expeditions which were undertaken from time to time.
At the village under the airport site, Holden and his workers uncovered approximately 4,000 sherds or pieces of tribal pottery and cooking utensils. While a great deal of the pottery was plain ware, and in general quite crude, there were a few pieces, which were somewhat decorative. Colors ranged from black, through gray and red, to buff. The decorated ware showed at least five types of stamped design including the “check” stamped, the “delta” stamp, and a “herring bone” stamp. In addition there were discovered three distinct types of cord-marked ware, three types of thong-marked ware, and examples of rare incised and punctuate sherds.
New York Times, February 15, 1925
Find Florida Giant’s Bones
Road Workers Unearth the Skeleton Parts of 7-foot Man
Boca Grande, Fla., Feb. 14-Discovery of a skull one-fourth larger than that of the normal modern, together with bones indicating a probable height of not less than seven feet, led to speculation today over theories of a giant race believed to have once inhabited Florida.
The portions of the skeleton were found yesterday by the workmen grading road near the Charlotte and Lee County lines. The bones, which are believed to be those of a male, are to be shipped to the Smithsonian Institution.
Portsmouth New Hampshire Gazette, July 7, 1927
FIND GIANT SKELETONS IN FLORIDA Tamp, Fla., July 21-Giant Indians who roamed Florida swamps 500 years or more ago, living on shell foods which they cracked with their teeth is a picture unfolded by archaeologist who have delved into a burial ground on the gulf island near here.
The skeletons were discovered on a small section of land, where a lone fisherman has lived for years. Scientists estimated the bones are at least 500 years old and are remains of a tribe known as the Caribs, natives of the West Indies. They are believed to have inhabited the stae and adjacent islands before the arrival of the Spaniards in Florida.
The skulls, larger than those of current history, battered and crushed, indicated tribal battles. The jaw and teeth are unusually large. Likewise are the body bones, indicating the Indians of past ages were vertible giants in comparison with those of today.
Mounds similar to the one in which the bones were unearthed are common in the state. The bones have been sent to the Smithsonian Institution for further examination.
Smithsonian Institution's, Bureau of Ethnology 44th Annual Report
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Shell Heap, Colbert County, Alabama At the junction of the creek with the river, in the extreme northeast corner of Colbert County, is a large shell heap or kitchen midden composed entirely of mussel and periwinkle shells of several varieties, but all of them such as are now to be found in the river.
Scattered promiscuously among the debris were the usual objects found on Indian village sites; A large number of flint implements, more than a bushel, mostly knives or spearheads, the majority of them broken; cooking stones in abundance, usually cracked or shattered, but some showing only slight traces of heat; cupstones, none with more then five or six impressions; a few mortars; quantities of stones showing marks of use of hammers, others apparently pestles or rubbing stones, nearly all used in their natural shape or showing but slight marks of a dressing tool; hundreds of pointed bone implements, such as are usually called “needles,” “awls,” or “perforators,” among them many spines from dorsal fins of large catfish and drumfish; numerous flaking tools and other implements made of antler, some of which holes drilled in the ends for inserting flint or bone points; only a few fragments of pottery; mammal and bird bones, with a large preponderance of those from deer in small pieces, and of various species of fish…
At 114 feet, in the east bank, a foot above the bottom, were the fragmentary bones of two infants, nearly the same size and neither apparently over two years of age, possibly less; the bodies were closely folded, heads in contact, and bones intermingles.
At the same distance, in the center of the trench, was a hole 3 feet in diameter, dug a foot into the soil. On the bottom lay some rough flat rocks on which was the closely folded skeleton of a man much above the average size. It lay on the right side, head south. The teeth were worn down to the gums; on some, the entire enamel was gone. The bones fell to pieces at a touch. Among the bones were several broken flints and two unfinished ones. Lining the margin of the depression were water worn boulders of quartzite from 5 to 50 pounds in weight. Altogether, at the bottom and around the side of the grave were 13 of these large stones.
The Nephilim Chronicles: Fallen Angels in the Ohio Valley Page 7
