Let’s first look at the crucial role bacteria play in human life. We have more bacteria in our bodies than we have human cells. They pass from mother to baby in breast milk virtually as soon as the baby is born. It is now known that the struggle for equilibrium by bacteria in babies plays a vital role in their development. While some bacteria are harmful and may cause the slowing down of development and growth, other bacteria are vital for our health. It is now known that giving young babies various probiotics, for example Lactobacillus, will reduce conditions like eczema and allergy later in life. The following are the predominant bacteria living in our gastrointestinal tract:
• Stomach - Lactobacillus; Streptococcus; Staphylococcus; Enterobacteria; Yeasts.
There is between 0-1,000 bacteria per ml.
• Duodenum - Lactobacillus; Streptococcus; Bifidobacterium; Staphylococcus; Enterobacteria; Yeasts.
100 - 100,000 bacteria per ml.
• Small intestine - Bifidobacterium; Bacteroides; Lactobacillus; Streptococcus; Staphylococcus; Clostridium; Enterobacteria; Yeats.
1,000 - 10,000,000,000 bacteria per ml.
• Colon - All the above plus Fusobacterium; Peptostreptococcus; E. Coli; in huge quantities of up to 10,000,000,000,000 bacteria per gram.
Source: New Scientist
When Fred Hoyle says that there is organic life everywhere in the universe, he not only substantiates it with scientific proof, but he also explains that such proof of life is only possible if we take into account how bacteria can multiply. Then suddenly it all makes a great deal of sense and we can easily explain where such an abundance of life in space comes from. If you take a single bacterial cell in favourable conditions, the average time for it to duplicate itself is about two hours. One makes two, two makes four, four makes eight and so on. This means that by the end of the first day you will have a colony too small to be seen by the naked eye. But in two days the colony of 1000 will become 1,000,000 which suddenly becomes just visible with the naked eye and is about a tenth the size of a pinhead. After 4 days you will have 1,000,000,000,000 bacteria which will weigh about 1 gram. In 5 days the colony will weigh about 1 kilogram and in 6 days you will have a ton of bacteria. Every day the weight will grow by 3 zeros, which should give you a pile of bacteria the size of Mount Everest in just 11 days. It will take only 13 days to produce the weight of Earth in bacteria, our galaxy in 19 days and the estimated visible universe in just 22 days. So when people ask how it is possible that there is such an abundance of organic life in the universe, you can explain it to them very simply by using these facts.
It seems that airborne infectious diseases, plagues and epidemics literarily descend upon the people of the world like a blanket from the sky. And yet for millennia people believed, and men of science and medicine believed, that these diseases were passed on from person to person. It does not need a scientist to conclude that it is impossible for these infections to spread worldwide, from person to person within hours or a few days, and yet this happens every year with the coming of the flu season. These diseases can be linked to the periodic appearance of a number of comets which leave behind their millions of tons of living debris as they fly by the Earth on their irregular orbits. This is also true for the horrific plagues of the past. It seems to tie up quite logically. A comet flies in close proximity to our planet, filling space with deadly unearthly pathogens; a few weeks later the planet flies through this debris minding its own business, but collecting deadly bacteria on its way. Before you know, the world is covered in this microscopic alien species, causing diseases and havoc because our bodies have to generate a brand new form of resistance which we do not possess.
Some archaeologists think that the Pharaohs used their knowledge of viruses and bacteria to cast so-called spells on their tombs. By including an ancient strand of bacteria or viruses in their tombs, these organisms simply went into ‘suspended animation’ while trapped inside the tomb, only to be reactivated when the tomb raiders opened the tomb up a few thousand years later. The unexplained deaths of well known archaeologists shortly after entering the tombs have puzzled scholars for decades. If we attempt to explain it in terms of viruses or bacteria, we can rapidly remove the ‘dark wizardry’ out of the equation. The bacteria have been locked up for a long time and probably do not exist on Earth in their original form any more. This means that our bodies are not used to the bacterium and cannot develop antibodies quickly enough. The result is swift and tragic. Other examples of this kind of pre-historic contamination are bacteria that have apparently survived for 4,800 years in the brickwork of Peruvian pyramids; and for 11,000 years in the gut of a well-preserved mastodon; and possibly even 300 million years in coal.
But some bacteria have an even more effective survival strategy, they form spores. Spores are bacterial cells with thick protective coats in a complete dormant state.
In this form they can basically survive forever. Many plagues of the Old Testament can be explained very comfortably by bacterial phenomena. In just one example around 1,200 BC, God punished the Philistines for an attack on the Hebrews, by ‘emrods in their secret parts’. Emrods are translated as bubos which occur as a result of bubonic plague. The plague among humans has become well documented since the 14th century and some scientists still cling onto the theory that it was caused by fleas which carried the bacterium to humans from rats which were infested with the Pasteurella pestis bacterium. While this may have been the case in a small number of infections, we have clearly shown in Chapter 11 how impractical the spread of such an infection is, when attributed to rats and fleas only.
So what have we learnt in this chapter? That cosmic collisions have been occurring for billions of years; that asteroids and especially comets are carriers and distributors of life in the universe; that life exist in abundance everywhere in space; and that life comes to Earth from space every second of every day as it has been for millions of years. We also discovered that bacteria and viruses can mutate very rapidly, possibly causing plants and animals to mutate by interacting with their DNA, and that electricity and other environmental factors cause bacteria and viruses to mutate on their own. All this information leads to the conclusion that Panspermia is no longer a dubious sector of science, but the predominant theory of how life arrived on Earth and that larger cosmic collisions between planets would result in the transfer and sharing of much of their respective organisms, which would lead to a parallel evolutionary development on two separate planets.
So, if we can accept these scientific findings of the past 30 years, why should we not accept the possibility that a species similar to us may have evolved on such a parallel planet? All we need to do now is to prove that such a planet exists in the depths of our own solar system and we may very well have the answer why aliens are often described with a striking resemblance to us humans. The strangest thing is that it has been revealed to us many times in the past, but we seem to be determined to ignore it.
CHAPTER 7
Planet X
I was 22 years old, during my first year out of varsity, trying desperately to become a pop star. But deep inside, the heart of a closet-scientist was beating, constantly being attracted by news that made my muso buddies yawn with boredom. The news clip of a Planet X appeared on TV as suddenly as it disappeared. I was riveted by the story of scientists thinking they may have discovered a large new planet beyond Pluto in our own solar system. The report was very convincing as it quoted some credible sounding cosmologists. But that one single occasion was the first and the last time I heard about it. I expected to read about it in the papers the following day or in some weekly magazines but I was bitterly disappointed. None of the papers carried any stories of such content and nobody else remembered anything about it either. Unfortunately this was about 13 years before the internet and finding information regarding this kind of topic was not easy, especially in South Africa where the media was well controlled by the Apartheid government. Strange objects in the sky? That sounded too much like
a communist threat. So, for a brief moment my curiosity and imagination was stirred, only to fade under the pressures of nightly gigs and stars of a different kind in my eyes. In the years to come I was steadily drawn to the cosmos and literature of a diverse nature. I never realised how seriously the idea of Planet X was being taken and how vigorously it was pursued by a large number of astrophysicists and other cosmologists. The news report that impressed me so much was based on a similar article in the New York Times on 19 June 1982, which suggested that something big, far beyond the reaches of the solar system, is tugging on Uranus and Neptune, causing gravitational fluctuations that are resulting in irregularities in their orbits. The force suggested a large object, far away and unseen, which could lend some credibility to the speculation of the existence of a planet in deep space.
The discovery of planets in the last 200 years had more to do with the science of mathematics rather than the building of bigger and more powerful telescopes. In the same way that astronomers predicted the existence of Uranus and Neptune some 200 and 150 years ago, they now predict the existence of a large planet way beyond Pluto. Because of the mathematical irregularities in the gravitational orbits of the outer planets, they were so certain that such a further planet exists, that they called it Planet X.
Is it possible that the Asteroid Belt was previously a planet known as Tiamat?
Our solar system is in a relatively quiet part of the Milky Way, our galaxy, but it was born out of a violent past, which is evident from the large number of impact crater sites on all the planets around us. Take a pair of binoculars and look at the moon for a little while; you will not believe the number of craters you can see. Our closest celestial body has been bombarded by asteroids and other flying space debris for billions of years. The same can be said for Mercury, Venus and Mars. The many moons of the other gaseous planets also carry the scars of our violent cosmic past. It is actually a miracle that our planet has escaped a serious cosmic collision for long enough to allow life to develop and flourish. Well it did until around 65 million years ago they say, when the last giant asteroid crashed into Earth apparently causing the extinction of the dinosaurs. This asteroid is referred to as K-T. But let us take a broader look at our place in the universe to get a more realistic perspective of the big picture.
The Big Bang still seems to be the popular scientific theory for the creation of the universe and all things in it. This theory postulates that some 13.8 billion years ago the universe was born out of a point of singularity, which exploded creating stars and galaxies while expanding at the speed of light. I recently attended a lecture given by South African born astronomer Dr. Tony Readhead, who heads up Caltech's Cosmic Background Imager project. He shared some of the fascinating images from deep space, generated by the new generation background-imagery radio-telescopes. After taking the packed auditorium on a journey through time away from Earth into the depths of the universe, I literally felt as if I was travelling through time. The images of galaxies and cluster galaxies and quasars truly boggled the mind. But when he presented an image of the stuff beyond 13.8 billion years, it sent a shock through my entire body. It was pitch black. Nothing existed beyond this point. Nothing that we could see or imagine. We had just travelled beyond the edge of the known universe. The amazing thing is that with all the knowledge in the world, nobody could even hazard a guess about what might exist beyond this point. It is however possible that if you carry on moving beyond this point for a long, long, long time, you may reach another universe. Because, given infinity, everything will happen. But this really gets too close to opening myself up to philosophical attack, so let’s get back to the more familiar part of the physical universe.
So the universe continued to expand, creating new stars at an unimaginable rate. It seems that planetary systems such as ours, with all the planets, their moon satellites, as well as other bodies are formed from gas and dust accompanying the birth of their own star, in our case the Sun. The first stars which formed from the primordial hydrogen and helium of the Big Bang could not have had any planets because there were no heavy elements present as yet. These elements that are necessary for the creation of planets, only made their appearance once the second generation stars started exploding and scattering such heavy elements throughout the universe. These elements necessary for planet-building were built up in the stars by nucleosynthesis. Once a star is born, the debris that results from this event is scattered throughout the universe, ready to get absorbed into the new planets which begin to form around the star.
As I mentioned earlier, as recently as 1994, there was still great scepticism about the existence of other planets in the universe, outside of our solar system. But since then many new planets have been discovered. Now it is believed, mainly because of the continual discovery of new planets, that planetary systems do not form in isolation, they are the norm. Interstellar clouds are so large that when one of them collapses, it breaks up into enough pieces to form hundreds, if not millions of stars like our Sun. These interstellar clouds are like astronomical nurseries, constantly giving birth to new stars. These stars then form a loose association known as an ‘open cluster’ of stars, which is dispersed as the individual stars follow their own orbits around the galaxy. The magnetic fields generated by the young stars keep a strong grip on the material that surrounds them. This force will trap all matter extending far from the core of the star. But as the core of this new stellar system collapses to form a star, some of the material from which it is being formed, remains out at a distance from the core of the star. It is kept out from the centre of the cloud by the residual spin of the whole system, while it settles down into a disc of star dust around the young star. Discs like these have been detected around young stars, which largely confirm our understanding of how planetary systems are formed. A similar disc effect can be seen around the large planets like Saturn, but only much, much smaller in size .
The heat of the star blows away the lightest materials like hydrogen and helium that are closest to the star. The material that gets left behind is made up of billions of tiny grains of dust that collide and stick together, building up larger lumps of what are the beginnings of new planets. These lumps become small rocks, then big rocks, and even bigger asteroid-size rocks. While these rocks orbit the Sun in swarms, they bump into each other while gravity keeps pulling them tighter and tighter together. The largest lumps have the highest gravity and attract more and more material until they grow into large planets and moons.
1. Primordial cloud develops from which stars will be born 2. Primordial disc of stardust
3. Nuclear fusion blows away the lightest materials creating space for planets to develop. 4. Primordial disc spreads around the star resulting in planet formation
Source: NASA
So now we have our solar system with the closest star to us, our Sun, giving it light and heat and life. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the four inner planets of our solar system. But where do all the asteroids and comets come from? Between Mars and Jupiter there is a ring of cosmic rubble known as the asteroid belt. It is believed that the combined content of this asteroid belt would constitute a planet about four times the size of Earth. This is a fascinating bit of information from the world of modern science, because the ancient Sumerians had the same knowledge about the size of the 'possible' planet before it became the asteroid belt. In the well known 'Enuma Elish' or the Epic of Creation, the clay tablets describe in detail how the large planet they called Tiamat, was smashed to pieces in a cosmic collision. It further describes the planet as having been a 'water giant' with 'golden veins' being exposed in her 'belly' as the moons of Nibiru smashed into her. It further explains how Earth inherited its water and its wealth in golden ores. It all came from planet Tiamat. The details in the Epic of Creation are so vivid that it goes way beyond imagination. How did the authors of those clay tablets know so much, more than 5,000 years ago? Can the asteroids possibly be the remains of a large planet which was destroyed by some
celestial collision a long time ago? Today we know that the asteroid belt is made up of similar materials to the four inner planets. This would suggest that there should be golden ores in the many fragments whizzing around the Sun. The incredible coincidence is that the clay tablets tell us the same. They clearly outline that the rich golden ore on Earth is very similar to that in the pieces of the asteroid belt. The tablets which describe the Epic of Creation are no ordinary stories. They give us a detailed sequence of events that caused the creation of our planet Earth. We are told in no uncertain terms taht Earth is the largest remaining piece of the original planet called Tiamat, which was shattered and became the asteroid belt.
Beyond this belt of gold, there are 4 planets known as ‘gas giants’ which most likely have a small rocky core while the rest of the planet is made up of various gases, giving them their distinctive colours. All this knowledge and research was rewarded in April 1999 when the first multiple system of extrasolar planets was discovered 44 light years from Earth. Upsilon Andromedae is a Sun-like star, which was found to have three giant planets, two of which orbit closer to their parent star than the Earth is to the Sun. From that moment on, the previous belief that planets were not the norm in the universe had changed for ever. At the time this publication went to print, astronomers had discovered approximately 130 extrasolar planets. Our own solar system is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old. The bombardment of planets by space debris most likely started just after 4.5 billion years ago and ended 4 billion years later. Although we have reached a fairly stable period in our solar system, there are still many life threatening monsters flying around in our own cosmic backyard.
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