War is a Force That Gives Us Meaning
Page 19
Arafat, Yasir, 24
Arendt, Hannah, 15, 150, 151
Ares, 100
Argentina, 47, 141
Dirty War and, 43–45, 134
nationalism and, 59–60
rape camps in, 104
torture in, 134–135
willingness to kill and, 88
Aristotle, 161
Arkan, 27, 103
Armenians, genocide of, 122–125
Arnedt, Hannah, 106
art, significance in wartime, 62–63
Asadourian, Hagob H., 122–125
Asadourian, John, 123–125
Athens, 183
Auden, W. H., 90
Augustan age, 26
Austerlitz, 31
Australia, 6
Ayala, Edilberto, 164
Ayios Demetrios Church, 66
Badzić, Murdija, 119–120
Bakovik,Burka, 110, 111
Baldizón, Alvaro José, 36
Balkans, 13, 66, 161
culture destruction and, 77
myth of war and, 21, 26, 31–32
rape camps in, 104
Banja Luka, 107, 163
Bartov, Omer, 86, 92
Basovizza, 132
Basra, Shiite uprising in, 89–90
BBC, 59
Belgrade, 103
Belgrade Circle, 55
Belgrade University, 55
Berdichec, 135
Bible, 27
Bildt, Carl, 79
bin Laden, Osama, 8
Bisbua, casualties of war in, 13
Blood, 134
Blood and Vengeance (Sudetic), 166
B’nai B’rith, 70
Bosanski Novi, 104
Bosnian War
aftermath of, 117–120
attraction of war and, 6–7
cause of, 149–156
Communist hierarchy in, 4
culture and, 62–63, 69–73, 76–80
displacement and, 106–112
end of, 151–153
killing in, 9, 86–87, 88
memory recovery and, 128–130
myth of war and, 20–21, 25, 26
nationalism and, 14–15, 48–58
Serbian warrior and, 20
sex and, 104–106
U.S. intervention in, 16, 20
UN and, 1, 16, 32, 104
war as drug and, 163–164
Brandt, Willy, 57
Brazil, 141
Brckić, Bosko, 169
The Bridge on the Drina (Andrić), 112
Britain, 44, 147
Browning, Christopher, 87–88
Buenos Aries, 59
Burundi, casualties of war in, 13
Bush, George W., 4, 160
Buvac, Ratko, 129
Cairo, 148
California, 5
Caligula, 103
Calvus, 184
Cambodia, 126
Camino Real Hotel, 8
Canada, 49
Canetti, Elias, 112, 145
Caputo, Philip, 26
Carlos, Commandante, 131
Carlotta, 101–102
Casa Rosada, 59
Cassandra, 25
Catholic Church, 46
Catullus, 170, 183, 184
cause
of Bosnian War, 149–156
language of, 148
myth of war and, 146–147
of Persian Gulf War, 142–146, 148–149
war and, 142–156
Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 2
Central America, 13, 24, 35, 161
Chechens, 9
Chechnya, 13, 16, 170
“Chetniks,” 14, 153
children, war and, 93–98
Chile, 44, 141
Christianity, 147–148
Chronicle of a Death Foretold (Márquez), 16
Cicero, 183
Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud), 158
Clark, Wesley K., 16
Clerides, Glafkos, 66
Clinton, Bill, 20, 34
Cold War, 15, 131
Coleman, Kathleen, 183
Colombia, 2, 13
communism, 27
Communist Partisans, 131–132
Congo, 105, 163
Congress, 5
Congressional Human Rights Caucus, 145
Conrad, Joseph, 90
Contras, 24, 36
Conversation with Goya: Signs, Bridges (Andrić), 122
Coriolanus (Shakespeare), 83, 168
Ćosić, Dobrica, 48
Costa Rica, 6
Crimean War, 22
Croatia, 14
Catholic Church in, 46
Education Ministry in, 33
gangsters and, 27–28
myth of war and, 20, 21, 26, 32–34
nationalism and, 70–71
victimhood and, 64
See also Bosnian War
Cromwell, Oliver, 19
Crvena Zemlja, 127
Cuba, 35, 102
culture
Bosnian War and, 62–63
destruction of, 62–82
memory and, 123
nationalism and, 62
state and, 62
war and, 3, 62–82
The Culture of Narcissism (Lasch), 37
Cura, Fatima, 109
Cyclops, 12
Cyprus, Turkish invasion of, 64–67
Czechoslovakia, 57
Damascus, 149
Dante, 1
Davor, 107
Dayton peace agreement (1995), 151–152
death
abuse of, 89, 137
anonymous, 135
media and, 146
U.S. and, 160
war and, 89, 144–146, 157–158, 165–167
democracy, terrorism and, 9, 148
Denktash, Rauf, 67
desaparecido, 135
Desdemona, 72
Dhahran, 23, 142
Dido, 168
Dirty War, 43–45, 134
Dispatches (Herr), 146
displacement, 106–112
Djilas, Milovan, 57, 63, 167
Doboj, 155
Dobrinja, 119–120
Dorfman, Ariel, 133
Dragan, Captain, 27
Dresden, 28
Drina River, 112
drug of war, 17, 25, 87–88, 101, 162–164, 173
Dulcinea, 27
Durant, Will, 10
Duras, Marguerite, 60
East Timor, 170
Egypt, 77
ekpyrosis, 166
Eliot, T. S., 90
El Salvador, 2, 133, 144, 150
civil war in, 86
death squads in, 8
exhumations in, 126
killing of children in, 94
myth of war and, 25, 35, 39–42
revolutionary movements in, 35, 39–42
war in, 5–6, 164
willingness to kill and, 88
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 67
“Epitaph to a Tyrant” (Auden), 90
Eris, 100
Eritrea, 13
Eros, 101
Thanatos vs., 158–185
Ethiopia, 13
Euripides, 28
Facing the Extreme: Moral Life in the Concentration Camps (Todorov), 48–58
Faid, Neamon Mohammed, 97
Falkland Islands, 43, 59
Falstaff, 38–39
Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), 40
fear, war and, 83–85
Fejzić, Fadil, 50, 52–53
Fietlowitz, Marguerite, 134
FMLN. See Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front
foibe, 132
Fortinbras, Prince, 79
France, 3, 10, 55, 155
Frankl, Victor, 170–171
Franz Ferdinand, 77, 80
Free Belgrade University, 58
Freedman, James O., 182
“freedom fighters,” 24
Freud, Sigmund, 32, 158, 162
friendship in
war, 115–116
galabias, 93
Gani Tal, 93
Gashi, Shukrije, 184
Gaza, 2–4, 35, 93–98
Germany, 16, 109, 150, 155
Gharib, Ramazan, 179
Glavaš, Branimir, 27
god, war as, 10–11
Goodbye Darkness (Manchester), 173–175
Goražde, 50
Grand Illusion (film), 85
Grant, Ulysses S., 16
Gray, J. Glenn, 101, 115, 116, 164–165, 176
Grbavica, 153
Greece, 16, 133
Greeks, 166, 182
Armenians and, 125
war and, 10, 26
Green Line, 65, 66–67
Grossman, Vasily, 135–136
Grujić, Branko, 76
Guatemala, 2
casualties of war in, 13
killing of children in, 94
rebels in, 144
Gulf War. See Persian Gulf War
Ha’aretz, 165
The Hague, 141
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 78–79
Hanoi, 8
happiness, meaning and, 159
Harvard Divinty School, 147
“Harvest Festival,” 88
Hassan, Pershan, 137–138
Hector, 29
Helen, 26
Henry V (Shakespeare), 25, 26, 38–39
Hephaestos, 100
heroism, myth of war and, 83–86
Herr, Michael, 146, 162–163
High Commission for Refugees, 104, 155
Hiroshima, 28
History: A Novel (Morante), 89
Hitler, Adolf, 126, 151
Holocaust, 70, 77, 92
Homer, 26, 29
House of Dolls (Ka’Tzetnik), 92
Human Rights Watch, 138
Hume, David, 19
Hungary, 16
Hussein, Saddam, 13, 95, 136–137, 149
Ie Shima, 176
Ignatieff, Michael, 71
The Iliad (Homer), 11, 12, 90, 115–116
Impasses of Historical Reality (Tudjman), 70
innocents, violence against, 8
intifada, 98
Iran, 2, 10, 177–178
Islamic revolution (1979), 177
Iraq, 77, 127, 144–145
killing sites in, 136–141
Kurdish rebellion and, 2
language of war and, 8
willingness to kill and, 88
Iraqi Republican Guard, 2
Ireland, 13, 66
Islam, 47, 147–148
Islamic fundamentalists, 5
Islamic University, 68
Ismić, Admira, 169
Israel, 77
alliances with, 8
Palestine and, 4, 13, 14, 24, 47, 92–98
United Nations and, 68
war of independence in, 47
Istrian Peninsula, 131
Italy, 131–132
Jerusalem, 4
Jews, 70
Egypt and, 77
Israeli war of indepence and, 47
massacre of, 135
World War II and, 87–88
jihad, 4
Jordan, 77
Joyce, James, 131
Judaism, 147–148
Julian the Turk, 134–135
Jünger, Ernst, 85
Kalinin, 126
Kalowa Hill, 137
Kapušciński, Ryszard, 101, 102
Karadžić, Radovan, 50, 58, 69
Karisik, Milenko, 152
Katić, Milorad, 153
Katyn Forest, 126
Ka’Tzetnik, 92
Kerrey, Bob, 172–173
KGB, 136
Khafji, 23
Khan Younis refugee camp, 93–98
Khartoum, 39
Kigali, 16–17
killing
in Bosnian War, 9
impersonal, 84–87
war and, 173–177
King Lear (Shakespeare), 28, 181–182
Kiš, Danilo, 45, 63
kleos, 12
Kljuć, 107, 127
Kneževic, Zeljko, 156
Kopaci, 52
Korea, 21
Kosovo, 2, 13, 75
myth of war and, 25
NATO and, 184
sex and, 105–106
U.S. intervention in, 16
willingness to kill and, 88
Kosovo Liberation Army, 105
Kovać, Huso, 120–121
Kovačević, Sava, 167
Kovach, Bill, 182
Krstović, Dejan, 79
Kuljanin, Jovo, 155
Kundera, Milan, 130
Kurdish rebellion, 2
Kuwait, 25, 38, 144–145, 148
Kuwait City, 85, 90, 149
Lang, Jack, 55
language of war, 8, 148
Larkin, Philip, 157
Lasch, Christopher, 37
Lebanon, 69
Ledra Palace Hotel, 66–67
Lee, Barbara J., 5
Leipzig, 31
LeShan, Lawrence, 21
Levi, Primo, 53, 117
The Lexicon of Terror (Fietlowitz), 134
Liberia, 13, 16, 25
Libya, 2
Life and Fate (Grossman), 135, 136
Life and Nothing But (film), 133
Life in the Tomb (Myrivilis), 31
Light Brigade, 143
Lizdek, Boba, 119
Ljesić, Nikola, 154–156
Lloyd, Anthony, 162
London Observer, 30–31
Lotus, 103
love, war and, 100, 158–185
Lozano, Hernán, 37
Lukić, Milan, 113–114
Luxembourg, Duke of, 19
Macbeth (Shakespeare), 28, 181
Madrid, 6
Mahdi, Sadek, 39
Majdanek, 88
Makic, Mehmet, 108
Malvinas, 43
Man’s Search for Meaning (Frankl), 170
Manchester, William, 174
manhood, heroism and, 84
Manjaca concentration camp, 129
Manojlovic, Srdjan, 155
Márquez, Gabriel García, 16
Mars, 165
Marx, Karl, 56
Matić, Milivoje, 155–156
Matić, Slobodan, 156
McNamara, Robert, 8, 11
meaning, war and, 158–159
Medanovic, Senad, 128, 129
media
death and, 146
myth of war and, 22–23, 143
war and, 20, 142–144
Medić, Dursuma, 110–111
memory, recovery of, 122–141
Menem, Carlos Saúl, 135
Middle East, 35, 77, 161
A Midsummer Night’s Dream (Shakespeare), 45
Mikaya, Kanan, 138
Milanović, Seka, 110
Milošević, Marko, 103
Milošević, Slobodan, 9, 48, 103
Bosnian War and, 21, 55, 60–61
Mladić, Ratko, 58
Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré, 10
Mohammed, Ahmed, 140
Moharb, Ahmed, 95
Montoneros, 134
Morano, Miguel Gil, 170
Morante, Elsa, 89, 91
Morel, Edmund Dene, 147
Mostar, 48, 73
Mount Igman, 1, 121
Mowat, Farley, 28
MPLA. See Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
Mujaković, Mirnes, 107–109
Mujaković, Rasema, 107–109, 109–110
Murad, Ali, 94
Muslims, 9
Balkans and, 66
Islam and, 47
myth of war and, 20, 26, 32–34
nationalist rhetoric and, 14–15
Serbs and, 129
as victims, 64
Myrivilis, Stratis, 31
myth
nationalism and, 45–50
racism and, 24
of Serbian warrior, 20
of war, 3, 11, 17, 19–42, 134,
141, 143, 173
My War Gone By, I Miss It So (Lloyd), 162
Nagasaki, 28
nationalism
Bosnian War and, 14–15, 48–58
culture and, 62
Dirty War and, 43–45
myth of war and, 45–50
problem with, 58–59
September 11 and, 15
symbols of, 63
war and, 43–61
Native Americans, 47
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Naushahr, 177–178
Nayriah, 145
Nazis, 135
Nestor, 11
New York City, 8, 125
New York Times, 58, 166
New York Times Magazine, 173
Nicaragua, 2, 24, 34–37, 144
Nicosia, 64, 65, 66
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 17, 144
nihilistic relativism, 150
Nina, 103
1984 (Orwell), 9
Nixon-Eckersall, Richard, 65
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 107, 136, 184
“Nuclear Posture Review,” 160
Octavius, 168
odussomai, 12
Odysseus, 12
The Odyssey (Homer), 12
Ohio, 36
Olympus Hotel, 65
Ordinary Men (Browning), 87
The Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 15
Orwell, George, 9–10, 35
Oslo peace agreement, 98
Othello (Shakespeare), 72
Ottoman Empire, 123
Outcast of the Islands (Conrad), 90
Palestine, 9
culture and, 67–70
Israel and, 13, 14, 24, 47, 92–98
uprising in, 4, 154
Pandarus, 25
patriotism
myth of, 141
soldiers and, 14–15
war and, 10, 14–15, 176
Patroclus, 29
Pavelić, Ante, 34
Pavle, Patriarch, 56
Penthesilea, 159
Persian Gulf War, 2, 13
cause of, 142–146, 148–149
impersonal slaughter of, 84–85
Kuwait and, 148
myth of war and, 23, 25
nationalism and, 61
NATO and, 136
Persians, 125
Philistines, 30
Phostoxin, 178
Pinochet, Augusto, 135
pity, 89
Plato, 1
Plaza de Mayo, 59
Pledge of Resistance, 36
Poland, 16, 87
Poniatowa, 88
pool reporters, 142, 143
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 102
Pretty Villages, Pretty Flames (film), 150–151
Prhovo, 127, 129
Prijedor, 104
Princip, Gavrilo, 77–78
Prinjavor, 107
Pristina, 75
professional soldiership, 90–91
Proust, 91
The Psychology of War (LeShan), 21
Pudin Han, 127
Punjab, 2
Pyle, Ernie, 176–177
Quintilia, 184
quislings, 14
Quixote, Don, 27
racism, 24
Rahman, Murad Abdel, 94
Ramovic, Rifet, 109
rape camps, 104
Rayyan, Nezar, 68–69
Ražnjatović, Zeljko, 27, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 24
reality, mythic vs. sensory, 21–22
recovery from war, 12, 129–130, 133–134, 162
redemption, apocalypse and, 85
Reed, Dan, 169–170