amyl nitrite, 22, 101– 2, 325
89, 194n22, 249, 258; Zero Patience
Ancienne- Lorette, Québec (Canada), 201,
and, 251– 58, 259 f. See also gay libera-
294– 95, 297
tion movement; and names of specifi c
And the Band Played On (Shilts), 4, 18–
groups, e.g. ACT UP
20, 32, 39– 40, 375; activist resistance
ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash
to, 237– 45; challenges to historical ac-
Power), 15, 21, 188; call to action of,
count of, 248– 50, 253– 56, 260, 263– 77,
225, 226 f; expansion of, 237– 38; protest
287– 88, 291– 94; critical response to, 78,
against California Magazine by San
135– 37, 140– 41, 156n58, 182, 215– 16,
Francisco chapter of, 238; silence =
226 f, 237, 253– 54n22, 257; fi lm produc-
death Project and, 211n74; in Zero Pa-
tion rights to, 196, 203; on government
tience, 251, 254– 56
silence on HIV/AIDS, 160, 194– 95;
Advocate, The, 32n92, 143– 53, 157
Halloween party scene in, 166n93, 171;
Africa: in HIV origin debates, 10– 14, 55–
as HBO miniseries, 257; impact on leg-
56, 187; model HIV law for, 236
islation of, 234– 37; initial print run of,
420
Index
And the Band Played On (Shilts) ( cont. )
Bay Area Reporter ( BAR), 321– 31
192; intertextual history of epidem-
Bayer, Ronald, 16n48
ics and, 45; naming of individuals in,
Beatty, Perrin, 264– 65n52
159n68, 175n132, 226 f, 240– 41, 244–
beauty and disease, 65– 69
45; prepublication reviews of, 192– 93,
“Bed No. 29” (Maupassant), 63– 64
196; promotion of, 178– 79, 185, 190,
Bégin, Monique, 261
192– 207; public response to, 186, 190,
Bell, Arthur, 317– 18
203– 6, 217– 29; publisher’s advance for,
Bennett, William, 230
162, 179; research for, 139– 40, 166– 78,
Berkowitz, Richard, 173, 313– 15, 317, 365
179, 183– 84; San Francisco Gay Free-
Bersani, Leo, 212
dom Day parade in, 166– 67, 176– 77; as
Biennial International AIDS Conference,
selective truth telling, 141; serializa-
8n16
tion and published excerpts of, 194– 95,
Bisson, Richard, 300, 336– 37, 343, 346
217, 218 f, 224– 25, 359; Shilts’s proposal
Black Death. See plague (Black Death)
for, 161– 65; silence in response to, 206–
blaming, 39– 40, 156, 227, 239– 40, 254– 56,
16; as source of subsequent historical
261, 264– 67, 357– 59; of Dugas, 34, 180–
accounts, 19– 20, 34, 244– 45, 247n3,
85, 197– 98, 220, 336– 37, 358, 373; dur-
284– 88, 291n7; writing of, 178– 85. See
ing historical epidemics, 10, 45– 65; of
also Shilts, Randy; Shilts’s portrayal of
subsequent Patient Zeros, 361– 62. See
Patient Zero
also cultural narratives of epidemics;
antiretroviral drugs, 16, 375. See also com-
moral condemnation
bination therapy (HAART)
blood supply, 195– 96; Canada’s Krever
antisodomy laws, 24
Commission on, 20– 21n61, 32, 40,
arenas of historical production, 264– 67,
69n87, 246– 52, 258– 88; hepatitis C
286
and, 247– 48, 268n61; screening of, 266;
Armstrong, Russell, 263
transfusion- acquired HIV/AIDS and,
Arnim, Bettina von, 64– 65
3, 165, 195– 96, 230, 236n124, 247– 48,
Astruc, Jean, 53– 54, 57
252, 262– 63
Audley, Mervin (Earl of Castlehaven). See
Blumberg, Nathan, 147
Castlehaven, Earl of (Mervin Audley)
Body Politic, 23, 209, 250, 325, 330
Auerbach, David, 98, 105– 9, 112– 13, 118,
Bolan, Bob, 42
363. See also Los Angeles cluster study
Bouquet, Henry, 63
authorial subjectivity, 38– 39
Bowers v. Hardwick decision, 23
Brandt, Allan, 83
Bacon, Francis, 53
Brandt, Edward N., Jr., 132, 315
bacteriological theory of disease, 70, 75
Brier, Jennifer, 249
Baldwin, Peter, 19– 20
Briggs, John V., 97– 98n61
Band (Shilts). See And the Band Played
Brown, Kevin, 175– 77, 183, 228– 29, 341
On (Shilts)
Brown, William J., 86– 87
Barnes, Rosemary, 341n168
Bryant, Anita, 24, 97– 98n61
Barré- Sinoussi, Françoise, 17n49
Buchanan, Patrick, 45
bathhouses, 64, 104, 117, 369; concerns
“Burning of the Plague Spreaders” (Nohl),
about PWAs’ presence in, 57, 172– 73,
61 f
181–82, 208n65, 316– 19, 321– 31; Dugas’s
patronage of, 43, 167– 68, 174, 208, 240,
Cadorino, Lucia, 52
311– 12, 336– 37, 343– 44; Shilts’s report-
California Magazine, 194– 95, 217, 224– 25,
ing on, 145n20, 160– 61; in Toronto, 24,
226 f, 231, 238, 253
249– 50, 265, 301; in Zero Patience, 255
Callen, Michael, 117; Shilts’s interview
Bauer, Gary, 230– 32
with, 171– 73; writing on AIDS by, 313–
Bauer family, 165
17; in Zero Patience, 255
Index
421
Campbell, Bobbi, 325
ory of, 17, 315, 317; STDs and immune
Campbell, Duncan, 35– 36n98, 135– 37,
overload theory of, 313– 15, 325, 373,
226 f, 253– 54n22
375. See also transmission of causative
Campylobacter, 99
agent of AIDS
Camus, Albert, 164, 166
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 78n5,
Canada, 20– 27, 246– 88; AIDS activism
343– 44; AIDS Task Force of, 1– 3, 22,
in, 175n132, 188, 201, 208– 9, 239, 249,
32; communication with Canadian pub-
260– 62, 265, 331– 37, 345– 47; AIDS
lic health offi cials of, 274– 84, 364; early
memorials in, 241– 43, 354; AIDS pol-
AIDS research of, 40; Epidemic Intel-
icies in, 21, 232, 276– 80; awareness
ligence Service investigators of, 82– 83,
of Dugas in, 277– 80; bathhouse raids
92– 94, 119– 20, 276; Field Manual of
and arrests in, 249– 50; Body Politic
the Venereal Disease Division of, 92–
trial in, 209; challenges to accounts in
94; interviews with Dugas by, 19, 35, 43,
Band in, 248– 50, 253– 56, 260, 263–
195, 281– 83, 310– 13; Kaposi’s Sarcoma
77, 287– 88; decriminalization of ho-
and Opportunistic Infections Task
mosexual activity in, 94– 95, 299; early
Force of, 81, 82, 98– 105, 279; patient
AIDS cases observed in, 22, 25, 189,
confi dentiality policies of, 210, 279n81;
275n67; emergence of urban gay com-
population-
based epidemiology meth-
munities in, 299– 301; homophobia in,
ods of, 83– 84; single- agent theory of,
24– 25; incidence of HIV/AIDS in, 189,
3n7; STD control campaigns of, 82– 84,
247; Krever Commission on blood sup-
90, 94– 95. See also creation of Patient
ply of, 20– 21n61, 32, 40, 69n87, 246–
Zero; Los Angeles cluster study
52, 258– 88; Laboratory Centre for Dis-
Centre for Investigative Journalism (CIJ),
ease Control of, 274– 77, 282– 83, 284;
139– 40
media coverage of Patient Zero story
Chabner, Bruce, 1– 3, 7, 9– 10
in, 198– 202, 205, 207– 10, 318– 20, 326–
Cheese and the Worms, The (Ginzburg),
37; National Advisory Committee on
294n14
AIDS in, 189, 261; public health sys-
Chicago Tribune, 218 f
tem of, 273– 88, 364; SARS outbreaks
cholera, 70, 74– 75, 108n93
in, 360; stories of deliberate spreading
Christopher Street, 155, 191, 237n126
of disease in, 319– 21, 331– 42, 351– 52;
civil rights. See patient rights
transfusion- acquired HIV in, 247– 48,
Clayton, Alastair, 261, 274– 77, 282– 83
252, 262– 63
cluster testing method, 79– 81, 90– 92, 120;
Canadian AIDS Society (CAS), 247, 258,
infl uence on the LA study of, 84– 87;
260, 262– 64
visual representations of, 123– 38
Canadian Hemophilia Society, 263, 265
Coleman, James, 130, 131 f
Canadian 100, The (Rawlinson and
Coleman, William, 46n11, 108n93
Granatstein), 286
Colton, Greg, 54n45
Canadian Red Cross, 262– 63, 266
combination therapy (HAART), 16, 249,
Candide (Voltaire), 56– 57, 133– 34
287– 88
candidiasis, 9
Commission of Inquiry on the Blood
carriers, 30n88, 42– 45, 69– 76, 292– 93
System in Canada. See Krever
Carter, Jimmy, 29
Commission
Case/Patient 57, 104– 9, 108– 9, 110 f, 126 f,
Conant, Marcus, 165; on challenges fac-
127 f, 298, 310– 12. See also creation of
ing gay physicians, 340; on Dugas, 168–
Patient Zero
69, 310, 313, 337, 341; early activism of,
Castlehaven, Earl of (Mervin Audley), 50
42, 117, 308, 323– 24, 328– 29; on the LA
causation models of AIDS, 293– 94, 308– 9;
cluster study, 77; Shilts’s contact with,
multifactorial models of, 118– 19, 314–
157, 168– 69, 177– 78
15n83, 353; single- agent (virus) the-
condom use, 312n73, 340
422
Index
confi dentiality. See patient rights
51– 57, 67, 108n93, 355– 62; Patient Zero
Conn, Desiree, 219, 302, 304, 343n175
in, 44, 67. See also creation of Patient
Conners, Janet, 280n83
Zero; signifi cance of Patient Zero
contact epidemiology, 83– 84, 138
Curran, James, 22– 31, 99; on incubation
Contagious (Wald), 204
periods, 121– 22; LA cluster study pre-
Cosmographia (Münster), 58– 59, 60– 61 f
sentation of, 1, 4n9, 15, 125 f, 132
Coulter, Harris L., 237
Cutts, Greg, 333, 335n146
Courte, Bernard, 239– 40
cytomegalovirus (CMV), 9, 99, 102, 314, 325
creation of Patient Zero, 1– 4, 10, 19– 20,
355– 62; absence of patient’s viewpoint
Dague, Paul, 323– 24
in, 4, 30– 41, 291– 94, 352– 53; activist re-
Damski, Jon- Henri, 238– 39
sistance to, 237– 45; challenges to dom-
Dancer from the Dance (Holleran), 64
inant narrative of, 77– 78, 103, 248– 50,
Darrow, William, 78– 81, 84– 87, 90, 96–
253– 56, 260, 263– 77, 287– 88, 291– 94;
138, 363, 365; on identifying a source,
consequences of, 39, 110– 16, 130– 32,
107– 16; on incubation periods, 226 f;
229– 37; in cultural narratives of epi-
inter views in Los Angeles by, 105–
demics, 44, 67; cultural signifi cance
7; on interview techniques, 92; KS/OI
of, 3– 4, 39– 40; defi ning Patient Zero
Task Force and, 98– 105; meetings with
in, 3n8, 280– 81, 286– 87, 356, 359, 360;
Dugas of, 195, 310– 13; on misrepresen-
Dugas’s photographs and, 194, 212– 13,
tation of the LA cluster study, 137; on
214 f, 219, 221– 24; early researcher at-
“Patient O,” 210n71; reported repudi-
tention to, 1– 3, 27– 31; impact on pub-
ation of the LA cluster study by, 137,
lic health policies of, 229– 37, 364; in-
226 f, 238; VD research of, 96– 98; vi-
dex cases and, 84n16, 111– 12, 287; in
sual schematics of data of, 124– 38; in
the LA cluster study, 79– 81, 107– 16,
The Zero Factor, 124n129. See also Los
122n125, 123– 38, 199, 212– 13, 278–
Angeles cluster study
79, 291, 356– 57, 363; in the Los Ange-
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia (Canada), 304
les Herald Examiner article, 113n100,
Davidson, Roger, 89n29
114 f; national variations of, 358– 59; ori-
Davies, D. S., 72– 74
gins of idea of, 3, 39; Pepin’s account of,
deaths from HIV, 7, 15
14; promotion of Band and, 192– 207;
decriminalization of homosexuality, 94–
public reaction to, 217– 29; silence in re-
95, 299
sponse to, 206– 16; transmission of dis-
Defoe, Daniel, 62, 319
ease and, 27– 30, 229– 37. See also And
Delaporte, François, 5– 6n13
the Band Played On (Shilts); Dugas,
deliberate spreading of disease, 57– 65,
Gaétan; Shilts’s portrayal of Patient
229– 35; charges against Dugas of, 57,
Zero; signifi cance of Patient Zero
75– 76, 232– 37, 317– 42; gay commu-
Crenshaw, Theresa, 231n106, 235
nity fear in, 351– 52. See also creation
criminalization of HIV transmission,
of Patient Zero
229– 37
Demme, Jonathan, 256
Crimp, Douglas, 140– 41, 291
Democratic Republic of the Congo (for-
cultural narratives of epidemics, 42– 76,
merly Zaire), 10– 13
319; beauty and disease in, 65– 69; de-
De morbis venereis (Astruc), 53– 54
liberate spreading of disease in, 57–
Denneny, Michael, 155, 363; commission-
65, 75– 76, 220– 35, 317– 42, 351– 52; di-
ing of Band by, 162; promotion of Band
vine punishment and scapegoating in,
by, 178– 79, 185, 190, 192– 97; publishing
45– 51, 180– 82, 229– 37, 265– 67; fear of
career of, 155n53, 190– 92; on Shilts’s
strangers and outsiders in, 48, 75, 174,
characterization of Dugas, 182, 237; on
318, 320– 21, 328, 344, 351, 374; healthy
>
the success of Band, 186, 204n53
carriers in, 30n88, 42– 45, 69– 75, 292–
detective work of epidemiology, 71– 73, 82–
93; identifi cation of origins in, 46– 47,
84, 92– 94, 112– 15, 215
Index
423
Detorie, Daniel, 153– 54
349– 52, 366– 76; preferred gay estab-
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Men-
lishments of, 311– 12; public identity as
tal Disorders (APA), 23– 24, 95
KS patient of, 331– 37; public opinion
diphtheria, 70
of, 42– 45, 58– 59, 63– 64n67, 75– 76, 175–
Disease and Democracy (Baldwin), 19– 20
76, 217– 29, 291; sense of humor of, 183,
disease process of HIV, 8– 9
299; sexuality of, 301– 3, 330, 332, 336–
divine punishment, 45– 51
45, 371, 373, 375– 76; on transmissibil-
Dobko, Theresa, 239
ity of disease, 75, 177, 195, 232– 33, 291,
“Doctor Helped Track Down Sexual
293– 94, 312– 14, 315– 16, 329– 31, 336–
Link . . .” (Nordwind), 113n100, 114 f
37, 341– 42, 353; travel, mobility, and
Dritz, Selma, 120, 165; on banning PWAs
residences of, 27, 28n81, 244– 45, 297–
from the baths, 318; on meeting with
303. See also And the Band Played On
Dugas, 167– 68, 232, 329– 31, 337; on
(Shilts); creation of Patient Zero; pa-
“Patient O,” 109, 110 f, 169, 174, 212;
tient viewpoint accounts; Shilts’s por-
Shilts’s interviews of, 151, 157, 167– 70,
trayal of Patient Zero
174, 329– 30
Dugas family, 35– 37, 294– 303, 349, 374;
Dr. X, 337– 39
impact of Patient Zero story on, 197,
Duesberg, Peter, 17n51
198n33, 201– 2, 205, 210– 11, 215; pri-
Dugas, Gaétan, 4, 19– 20; AIDS memorials
vacy considerations for, 36– 37, 290n6;
and, 241– 43, 366; at the AIDS Vancou-
threats faced by, 35n98, 36
ver meeting, 313, 331– 36; in The Cana-
duration of HIV/AIDS illness: in compro-
dian 100, 286; Canadian public health
mised immune systems, 122n126; early
system’s awareness of, 277– 80; CDC
estimates of, 100, 117, 260; genetic di-
interactions with, 19, 35, 43, 195, 281–
versity in, 122n125; incubation period
83, 310– 13, 343– 44; characterization
estimates in, 120– 22, 132, 135– 38, 167,
as “sociopath” of, 43– 44, 139, 181– 82,
226 f; progression to death in, 347– 48
184, 195, 224 f, 291, 341– 42; charges of
deliberately spreading disease against,
Ebola, 359, 361– 62
57, 75– 76, 232– 37, 317– 42, 351– 52, 373;
Patient Zero and the Making of the AIDS Epidemic Page 70
