by David Crane
Jowett, Benjamin 18
Jutland 14, 196
Kabul 8
Kenyon, Sir Frederic 203
and abortive attempt at compromise in headstone design 150n
appointed adviser to IWGC 117, 120–1
character and description 119
comment on individual graves 123–4
and link between place of death and commemoration 193–5
and question of a central monument 124, 125, 127–8
and question of finance 138–9
recommendations 125–7, 128–31, 134, 137, 143–4, 145, 170, 174, 189
respects cultural and national practices 123
terms of reference 117–18, 216
visits burial grounds in France 122
Kerr, Philip (Marquess of Lothian) 20, 102, 241
Kipling, Lieutenant John 178–80 and note, 224–5
Kipling, Rudyard 4, 239
comment on Le Treport cemetery 144
comment on splitting-up of memorial tablets 185
and the death of his son 61, 157, 178–81, 224
and generic names of Battle sites 186
and the homesick scent of wattle 90n
and importance of remembrance and place of death 183
inscription on the Menin Gate 209
prejudices of 177–8
prophecy concerning the War 28
provides wording for unidentified dead 175
rejects idea of ‘dud’ graves 177
and the War Graves Commission 99, 139
works
Epitaphs of War: ‘Common Form’ 224
‘The Gardener’ 223
‘Have you news of my boy Jack?’ 180
‘Oh, the road to En-dor is the oldest road’ 200
‘Recessional’ 227
Stalky & Co 16
Kirman, Charles 204
Kitchener, Field Marshal Lord 31, 90
Kollwitz, Käthe 224
Kruger, President 19
Kut, Iraq 61
La Boiselle 95
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre 211, 216
Ladysmith 51
Langton, Una 183–4
Law of 29 December (1915) 64–8, 79, 81, 83, 100, 190
Law, Colonel Francis 134
Lawley, Sir Arthur 34, 53, 56–7, 76
Lawrence, T. E. 119
Le Cateau 41
Le Havre 69
Le Treport Cemetery 143, 172
League of Nations 240
Leighton, Roland 62, 226
Leipzig (Somme) 95
Leipzig, Battle of 11
Les Baraques British Cemetery, Sangatte 172
Lethaby, William 145
Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Poperinghe 172
Lille 13
Lloyd George, David 98, 101, 156, 248
London
Athenaeum 111
British Museum 119, 120
Cenotaph 9–10, 12, 197, 202–3, 245, 251, 252
Geological Survey Museum 170
Hyde Park Memorial 132
St James’s Park 167–8
St Paul’s Cathedral 5
Savoy Hotel 87
South Africa House 116
Temple Gardens and Embankment 198
tomb of the Unknown Warrior, Westminster Abbey 247–58
Trafalgar Square 195–6
Westminster Abbey 5
Winchester House, St James’s Square 94 and note, 99
London County Council (LCC) 197
Longstaff, Will, ‘Menin Gate at Midnight’ 200
Longworth, Philip 98, 168, 192, 199, 243
Loos 61–2, 186
Lorimer, Sir Robert 197
Louis XVIII 6
Loyal Women’s Guild 49
Ludendorff, Lieutenant General Erich von 135
Lusitania 61
Lutyens, Sir Edwin
architectural style 105–6
belief in equality and no judgments 113, 127, 198n
Cenotaph 202–3, 252
character and description 107, 111, 112, 116–17, 228
comment on Blomfield 116–17
involvement with IWGC 103, 107–17, 121
Mercantile Memorial 198 and note
rivalry with Baker concerning War memorial designs 107–17
Robert Byron’s comment on Viceroy’s House, New Delhi 106–7
Stone of Remembrance 111–15, 127, 131, 144, 165, 169–70, 172, 209
Thiepval Memorial 92, 143, 211–16
tours French cemeteries 103, 108, 109–10, 130
vision for identical headstones in ‘ordered ranks’ 126
Lutyens, Lady Emily 105, 109, 112, 113
Lydford, Dartmoor 204, 205n
Lystenhoek cemetery 144
Macaulay, Lord 221
Macdonald, Rev F. W. 227
Mackay, Captain Ian 46, 54, 57
Macready, Sir Charles 51
Macready, General Sir Nevil 47–8, 49, 50–2, 56, 63, 68, 82, 94, 115, 176
Madden, Admiral Sir Charles 252
Malcolm, Ian 42, 50, 53, 68, 72
Mallet, Bernard 111
Mametz 95
Maricourt 95
Markham, Violet 78, 79, 227, 233–4
Marne 42, 55, 104, 135, 186, 194
Marriot, Rev F. R. 200
Marvell, Andrew 121
Masefield, John 95, 213
Melbourne Argus 181
Menin Gate 191, 194, 205–11, 212, 217, 247
Menin Road 39
Menzies, Robert 245n
Mesopotamia 9, 89, 132, 139, 187n
Messer, Captain A. 64
Messines, Battle of 102
Messines Ridge 211, 223
Meteren 43–4
Methuen, Field Marshal Lord 252
Meux, Admiral the Hon. Sir Hedworth 252
Middle East cemeteries 170
Midleton, Earl of 190–5, 211
Millerand, M. 64–5, 79, 83
Millet, Philippe 83
Milner, Viscount Alfred 18–22, 23, 34, 37, 52, 63, 78, 99, 102, 105, 164n, 241, 258
Milner’s Kindergarten 20, 23, 102, 241
Mobile Ambulance Unit 28, 30, 31–50, 56, 60, 85–6, 134, 142, 190, 257
Mond, Sir Alfred 79–80, 97, 98, 150n, 177–8
Mons 30, 33, 41, 57, 137
Moore, Sir John 3n
Morning Post 13–14, 17, 22–6, 79, 235
Napoleon Bonaparte 5, 6, 13
Napoleon III 2
National Battlefield Memorial Committee (NBMC) 190–5
National Committee for the Care of Soldiers’ Graves 80–1, 96
National Federation of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers 151
Naval Memorials Committee 196
Neuve-Chapelle 61, 81, 98, 193, 220–2
New Delhi 106, 107, 108, 116, 148
New Zealand, New Zealanders 28, 81, 99, 140, 210–11, 247
Newfoundland, Newfoundlanders 10, 81, 95, 99, 140–1, 193, 247
Nieuport 194, 216
Office of Works 79–80, 94n, 98, 115, 139, 191, 197, 254
Oliver, F. S. 102
Oulchy-le-Château 218
Ovillers 95
Owen, Lieutenant Wilfred 10, 246
Palestine 9, 89
Paris 135, 194
Arc de Triomphe 256
Parkin, George 18
Parliamentary debates 151–65
Passchendaele 30, 102, 122, 181, 213
Pearson, Lionel 228
Peel, William 6
Ploegsteert 122
Plumer, Field Marshal Lord 210
Plymouth Brethren 15–16, 17, 52, 77, 227, 229, 230
Poe, Admiral Sir Edmund 99
Poperinghe 144, 163, 172
Poperinghe New Military Cemetery 172
Poynter, Sir Edward 115
Pozières 95
Quatre Bras 113
Raglan, Lord 9
Railton, Rev David 247–8, 251
Read, Herbert 214
Red Cross 99
>
card index of casualties 40–1
conversion of private vehicles into ambulances 31
flying unit 13
and funding for gardening programme 76, 89
and funding of professional photographers 55
relationship with St John Ambulance 31
rescue missions under fire 34–6
Ware’s relationship with 28, 32, 52, 56
and working with the French 38
Wounded and Missing Department 38
Remarque, Erich 62
All Quiet on the Western Front 131, 132–3, 134, 212
Remnant, Sir James 158, 164
Rhodes, Cecil 18, 105
Rhodes Memorial 107
RIBA 116, 197
Rio Tinto 28
River Lys 135
Roberts, Field Marshal Lord 179
Rouen 144
The Round Table journal 218
Royal Artillery 257
Royal Automobile Club (RAC) 31
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 89, 103
Royal Fine Arts Commission 116, 197, 198n
Royal Horse Artillery 252
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) 103–4
Royal Navy 195–8, 250
Royal Parks 197
Royal Scots 43
Royal Sussex Regiment 257
Royal Welsh Fusiliers 69
Russell, W. H. 7, 8
Ryle, Herbert, Dean of Westminster 247, 248, 254–5, 256
St John Ambulance 31, 32, 55
St Pol 249
St Sever cemetery 144
St Symphorien 137
Salisbury, Lord 115
Salonika 89
San Sebastián 2, 9
Sandham Memorial Chapel, Burghclere 228–9
Sassoon, Siegfried 125, 131, 214
Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man 212
Sayers, Dorothy L., The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club 212n
Schreiner, Olive 100
Schreiner, William 100
Schwaben Redoubt 95, 213
Seaforth Highlanders 43–4
Selborne, Lord 87
Serre 95
Sevastopol 8
Shakespeare, William 4, 245
Shaw, George Bernard 178
Sherriff, R. C., Journey’s End 212
Shrewsbury 3
Sixteen Poplars 95
Smuts, General J. C. 87
Soissons 194, 211, 216
Somme 14, 30, 45, 61, 83, 90, 92–3, 95, 103, 104, 122, 135, 141, 171, 186, 193, 194, 205n, 212, 249, 257
South Africa, South Africans 14, 19–22, 27, 28, 49, 51, 56, 81, 89, 95, 99, 104, 176, 193, 220, 222
Spencer, Stanley 228–9
spiritualism and paranormal phenomena 200
Stamp, Gavin 202, 215
Stewart, Lieutenant Colonel E. 41–2, 78
Stobart, Colonel 94n
Sturdee, Admiral Sir Doveton 252
Taylor, A. J. P. 101
Tel-el-Kebir, Egypt 51
Tennant, Edward 162, 163n
Terlincthun Cemetery 238–9
Thiepval 90, 92
Cemetery 92–3
Lutyens’s Memorial to the Missing of the Somme 92, 143, 211–16, 224–5, 226
Thomas, J. H., MP for Derby 162–3
Thompson, E. P. 187n
Thompson, (William) Frank 187n
Tice, E. W. 257
The Times 7, 20, 31, 145, 149, 153, 171, 253, 256
Toc H 218
Toulouse, Battle of 2
Toynbee, Arnold 18
Trades Union Congress Parliamentary Committee 151
Transvaal 19, 22
Trenchard, Air Marshal Sir Hugh 252
Truelove, J. R. 211
Turkey 9, 61
Turton, E. R., MP 163
Tyne Cot Cemetery 169, 211, 216, 218–20
Uccello, Paolo 1–2, 11
Unknown Warrior 247–58
Uppingham School 27, 62, 132
Vaughan, Captain E. C. 134
Vendresse 218
Verdun 257
Versaille, Treaty of (1919) 243
Vicars, Captain Hedley 6
Villers-Bocage Communal Cemetery Extension 172
Villers-Bretonneux 190, 192, 245n, 247
Villers-Cotterêts 164n
Vimeiro 5
Vimy Ridge 82, 102, 190, 247
Vladslo Military Cemetery, Belgium 224
Voyzey, Samuel 205n
War Cabinet 88, 101, 102
war cemeteries
anomalies and exceptions 186–7
as argument against war 124–5
Australian 141
Blomfield’s ‘experimental’ cemeteries 168–9, 171–2, 232
Britishness of 217–18
dedicated to the missing 186
desecration of 244
designing and building 167–77, 217–23, 224–6
difficulties in finding 141–2
funding for 143–4, 169
German sites 223–4
horticultural programmes 89–90, 168, 172, 217–18, 221
Kenyon’s recommendations for 120, 125–7, 128–31
location 140, 144, 168, 169, 170, 171–2, 176, 181, 187, 192–3, 198n, 200, 205–26, 235
public opposition to proposals 147–51
war dead
blasted and obliterated 90–2
cremations 66–7
difficulties in burying 92–5
executed for cowardice 88–9, 134, 204
exhumation and repatriation 53, 68–74, 141, 142–3, 164n, 166, 201, 247, 248–58
funerals for 46
identifying 142–3, 173–6, 180n
Masefield’s evocation of 95
numbers of 28, 39, 61–2, 90, 92–3, 103, 135–7, 140–1, 166–7, 172, 211
Remarque’s description of 132–3
and rescuing of identity discs 92 and note, 142
in ruins of nursing convent 35
Russell’s comment on 7–8
treatment of 3, 104–5, 134
war graves
and the beauty of red poppies 103–4, 105
care of 100–1
cultural sensibilities 85–7
destruction and desecration 136, 244
development of 10–11
difficulty in digging 45
and ‘dud’ graves 176–7, 187 and note
General Routine Orders concerning 84–5
headstone design 150n
Kenyon’s views on 123–4
location and registering of 41, 43–4, 47, 48–9, 50, 53, 54–7, 73, 74, 90–5, 103, 104–5, 136, 140, 141–3, 236
and men executed for cowardice 88–9
negotiations with French government 59–61, 63–8
officers’ graves 2–3
Parliamentary debates on 151–65
photographing of 55, 142
post-1914 9–10
and problem of unidentified and missing soldiers 173–6
public opposition to proposals 145–51
quarrying, shaping, incising and lettering gravestones 12, 42–3, 84–5, 88–9, 167, 170–3, 257
suggestions for 75–6
survivals from eighteenth/ nineteenth centuries 8–9
systematic programme of planting 89–90
visited by Baker and Lutyens 108–10
war memorials
arguments and discussions concerning 189–226
Blomfield’s Cross of Sacrifice 155, 169, 172, 182, 187
Blomfield’s Menin Gate 205–11
choosing an architect for 105–18
inscriptions 170
IWGC funding for inscriptions 193
Kenyon’s recommendations for 124, 125, 127–8
and law of 29 December (1915) 101
link with place of death 193–5
locations 63n, 92–3, 132, 236–7
Lutyens’s Stone of Remembrance 111–15, 127, 131, 144, 165, 169–70, 172
numbers built across the country 203–4
proactive role of Dominions 189–90
and problem of missing and unidentified soldiers 173–6
public need for 199–201
suggestions for 181–4
tomb of the Unknown Warrior, Westminster Abbey 247–58
war missing
and the Admiralty 195, 196
at Gallipoli 236–7
dedicated cemeteries for 186
inscribing of names and raising of memorials 157, 174–6, 181–6, 200
IWGC’s scheme for 188, 192, 193, 194–5
Kipling’s son John 178–80 and note
Menin Gate 205–11
numbers of 39, 90, 136, 166, 193
search for 31, 33, 37, 41
Thiepval Memorial 92, 143, 211–16, 224–5, 226
War Office 48, 49, 51, 52, 53–4, 56, 71, 82, 205
Ware, Anna 26
Ware, Fabian Arthur Goulstone 12
accepts editorship of Morning Post 22–4
achievements 258
appointed commander of the Mobile Ambulance Unit in France 13, 28–9, 32–50
and building of memorials 191–3
and care of the Empire’s dead 97–8
Chanter’s diatribe against 230–2
character and description of 13–15, 16, 17, 32, 36–7, 59–61, 78–9, 227–8, 241
as collectivist/individualist 77–8, 226
comment on gas attacks 63n
and construction of cemeteries 172
and cost of looking after graves 139
dislikes working with the Admiralty 197–8
early life 15, 16–18
and exhumation of bodies 68–74, 164n, 247
and identification of graves 141
The Immortal Heritage 215
influence of Milner on 20–2, 24
inter-war Imperialism and speeches 233–47
involvement in DGR&E 81–7, 93–4
involvement in/support for IWGC 60, 78, 96–102, 117, 136, 191–2, 242
and Kenyon’s recommendations 130–1
and law of 29 December (1915) 64–8, 190
and Lutyens’s proposed monument 112, 114–15
marriage and children 257–8
memorial service for 233
negotiations with French government 59–61, 63–8
nicknamed ‘Lord Wargraves’ 93
obsession with issues of Empire and defence 14, 24–8, 76, 81, 82, 102, 205n, 230
oversees post-war education in Transvaal 18, 20–2
and Parliamentary debates on IWGC 153–4
and petition presented to Prince of Wales 149
reaction to Thiepval memorial 215–16
religious influence on 15–16, 229–30
and rise of Hitler’s Germany 243–4
and the setting up of the GRC 50, 52–7
and treatment of war graves and cemeteries 148–9
and the Unknown Warrior 253, 256
work as his life 258
The Worker and His Country 26, 193, 258
Waterloo 3, 5–6, 39, 113
Waugh, Evelyn, Sword of Honour 237–8
Webb, Sir Aston 207–8, 252
The Weekly Dispatch 45
Wellington, Duke of 5, 6, 39
