The Story of India

by Michael Wood

  Anatolia 24, 109

  ancient Egypt 30, 31

  ancient Greece 69

  Andamans 14, 115, 119, 210

  Andra 210

  Antioch 58, 109

  Antiochus of Syria 97

  Antonines 116, 159

  Apicius 120

  Apollo 47

  Arabian Sea 13, 32, 116, 135

  Arabs 8–9, 17, 119, 123, 124–5, 201

  Aral Sea 53

  Arbela 82

  Arjuna 61–2, 63

  art 164–5, 191, 215–17, 244, 22

  Arthashastra 84–5, 93, 194

  Aryabhata 190–1

  Aryans 3–4, 17, 45, 49–51, 53–6, 58, 75, 82, 139, 162

  Asandhimitta 98, 110

  Ashoka 37, 74, 79, 86, 97–113, 129, 135, 147, 151, 160, 162, 183, 185, 187, 192, 197, 198, 268, 278, 289

  Asiatic Society of Bengal 44

  Asiatic Society of Calcutta 47

  Askabad 51

  Asokavadana 111

  Asvagosh 163

  Asvins 18

  Athena 142

  Attock 230

  Augustus 122, 129, 184, 191

  Aurangzeb 161, 248–9, 256, 259–64

  Australasia 14

  Axis age 68–9, 81

  Ayodhia 72, 171, 174–84, 235, 290–1, 293

  Ayurveda 163

  Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam 286

  Baba Lal 257–8

  Babur 64, 148, 202, 206, 226–37, 263, 266, 290

  Babylon 29, 86, 144

  Bactria 52, 112, 138–40, 145–6, 165

  Badakshan 50

  Bagram 140–1

  Bahadur Shah 275

  Bahuballi 96

  Bala Hissar 149, 225

  Balkh 228–9, 263

  Baluchis 260–1, 288

  Baluchistan 22, 23–5, 31, 85

  Bamiyan Buddhas 229

  Banerji, Rakhhaldas 33

  Bangladesh 8, 72, 221, 288

  Banu, Nadira 260

  Bay of Bengal 106, 112, 126, 134, 135, 185

  Beas river 39, 83, 86, 233

  Begum, Haminda Banu 238

  Begum, Raushandra 261

  Benares 65–8, 72, 86, 184, 198, 205, 256

  Bengal 113, 135, 147, 172, 174, 188, 210, 221, 240, 256, 265–6, 272–3, 275, 282, 287

  Beypore 116, 119

  Beypore river 118

  Bhagalpur 147, 162

  Bhagavadgita 2, 196, 205, 256, 277

  Bhang (cannabis) 62, 65–6

  Bhanna 197

  Bharat 63, 292

  Bharat Natyam 217

  Bhera 232

  Bhimbetka 22

  Bhimbisara 95–6, 97, 98

  Bhitra 184–5

  Bhose, `Netaji’ 79

  Bhubaneswar 103

  Bhutan 242

  Bihar 74, 75, 86–7, 147

  Bihar-Jharkand 58

  Bihar-Patna 187

  Biswas, Professor 46, 47–8

  BJP 290, 291

  Blake, William 257

  Boccaccio 163

  Bodhgaya 72, 75–6, 105, 110, 150, 152, 199

  bodhi tree 76, 105, 110, 150, 152

  Bolan pass 23

  Bolan river 22, 23, 24

  Bolan valley 33

  Bollywood 80, 291

  Bombay 265, 273, 288

  Brahma 157

  Brahmani river 103

  Brahmins 17–19, 29, 44, 48, 70, 73, 75, 78, 91–3, 102, 108, 113, 130, 163–4, 178–81, 183, 192, 242, 255, 258, 268

  Bramante 252

  Brindavan 138

  Britain 184

  British 41–2, 47, 50, 60, 64, 83, 85, 87–90, 94, 103, 131, 137, 149–50, 152–3, 158, 163, 165, 184–6, 198, 200–1, 211, 218, 220, 225, 238–9, 242, 247–8, 255, 264–89, 293, 295

  Bronze Age 18, 29, 34, 37–8, 40, 42, 48, 52, 54–6, 60, 69, 71, 127, 226

  Buchanan, Francis 272

  Buddha 37, 66, 68, 71, 72–82, 74, 97–8, 113–14, 144, 151–2, 154–7, 161, 177, 191, 199, 243

  begging bowl of 149

  enlightenment 75–6, 150

  Buddhism/Buddhists 32, 73–4, 76–81, 97–9, 102–6, 109–10, 112–14, 132, 135–6, 138, 142, 144, 146–7, 150–1, 154–6, 160–4, 168, 172, 174, 182–3, 186, 188, 190, 192, 197–200, 203, 213, 221, 226, 229, 242, 252, 263

  Bukhara 50, 148

  Bukhara Merv 227

  Burma 109, 134, 156, 210, 275

  Calcutta 43, 44, 136, 198, 264, 265, 271, 273, 281

  Calicut 13, 116

  Cambodia 212

  Canning, Lord 268, 275

  Cape Comorin 14

  Caraka (Charaka) 163

  caravans (kafilas) 50

  Carnatic wars 218–19

  Carter, Howard 29

  Caspian Sea 53

  caste system 9, 15, 56, 70, 91–4, 108, 113, 250, 276, 280

  Catholics 294

  cattle 25

  cave paintings 21

  Cavery delta 7, 210, 211

  Cavery river 128, 134, 211

  Ceylon 97, 134

  Chaghtai dialect 227

  Chalukya 203

  Champa (now Bhagalpur) 162

  Chandalas 172

  Chanderi 235–6

  Chandragupta I 183, 186–7

  Chandragupta II 187–8, 197

  Chandragupta Maurya 74, 84–6, 88–91, 93, 94–7, 151

  Charax 123

  Chenab river 83

  Chenchu people 15

  Chendamangalam 123

  Chera 203

  Chichawatna 28

  Chidambaram 217

  Chilka Lake 101

  China 8–10, 16, 20, 36, 69, 71, 89, 109, 114, 116, 134–8, 140–2, 144, 151, 159–60, 163, 166, 168, 198–9, 210

  Chitral 51

  Chola Mandalam 210

  Chola Nadu 217

  Cholans 172, 203, 210–21

  Cholas 97, 129, 163

  Cholistan 39

  Chou En-lai 198

  Christianity/Christians 9, 21, 81, 123–4, 195, 206, 208, 241, 271, 274, 276–7, 293

  Chunar fort 240

  Churchill, Winston 278, 284

  Civakacintamani 220

  climate change 54

  Cochin 13, 122, 123, 125

  Collectors Ghat 87

  Comfort, Alex 194

  Confucius 68–9

  Congress Party 200, 282, 283–7, 289–91

  see also Indian National Congress

  Copernicus 190–1

  cotton 24

  Cranganore 13, 115, 122, 123, 201

  Cunningham, General Alexander 29

  Cyrene 109

  Dadar 261

  Dadu 209, 242

  dance 217–18

  Daniell, Thomas 254

  Daniell, William 254

  Danielou, Alain 195

  Dara Shikoh 205, 209, 256–62, 266

  Darfur 102

  Darius the Great 66, 82, 148

  Dasas 55

  Deccan 20, 96, 108, 129, 249, 263

  Delhi 59, 88, 175, 185–6, 197, 222, 230–3, 238–9, 249–50, 252, 254, 261, 267, 273, 275, 281–2, 292, 294–5

  Delhi Iron Pillar 188

  democracy 10, 59–60, 291–4

  Deoband 285

  Devar, Karuvur 215, 217

  Devi 97, 98

  Dhaka 285

  Dhamaraksita 109

  Dholavira 42

  Dholpur 228

  Di-Zau 51

  Diamond Harbour 136

  Dinna 79, 191

  Dionysius 109

  Dionysus 92

  diversity 16–17, 107, 200, 221, 278–9

  DNA 14, 15, 46

  Dorpfield, Wilhelm 60

  Dravidan 15, 25, 101

  Drita-rashtra 57

  Dubai 115, 118, 119

  Durga 101

  Durrani, Zahoor 147–51, 153–5

  Dutch East India Company 16

  Dutt, Michael Madshudan 278

  Dyauspitar 51

  East Bengal 288

  East India Comp
any 16, 43, 87, 136, 150, 264–6, 268, 271, 272–5

  economic growth 9–10, 20

  Egypt 8, 34, 36, 37, 109

  Eight Paradises Pavilion 252

  eightfold path 76

  Elburz Mountains 51–2

  Elgar, Edward 270

  Elizabeth I 247–8, 264, 266

  Ellora 221

  Empedocles 244

  England 272

  English language 10

  Enlightenment 203, 244, 247, 281

  environmentalism 106–7

  ephedra 52–3

  Epirus 109

  Eritrea 121

  Erranobaos river 88–9

  Etawah 282

  Euphrates 33

  Evans, Arthur 60

  Everest, Sir George 276

  Fa Xien 151, 188–90

  famine 281–3, 289

  Fatehpur 249

  Fazl, Abul 113, 241, 242, 246, 279

  Fergana 226, 235

  Firdowsi 205

  First World War 280, 284

  Fitch, Ralph 181, 189, 247

  floods 33, 42, 61

  Foucher, Alfred 152, 153, 154

  French 218–19, 273

  French East India Company 273

  Gadaba people 15

  Galileo 191

  Gandhara 109, 113, 139, 144, 160, 161, 164, 196

  Gandhari tribe 50, 82

  Gandhi, Feroz 267

  Gandhi, Indira 267, 288

  Gandhi, Mahatma Mohandas 37, 71, 103, 282, 283, 284, 289, 290, 291

  Gandhi, Rajiv 294

  Gandhi, Sonia 294

  Ganesh 292

  Ganges plain 58–9, 69, 70, 73, 77, 78, 81, 86, 109, 113, 147, 171, 179, 184, 187, 210

  Ganges river 40, 43, 60, 64–6, 83, 86–9, 93–4, 134–5, 147, 162, 179, 196, 198, 210–12, 246, 265, 267, 271

  Ganges town 135, 136

  Ganges valley 42, 165

  Ganges-Jumna doab 56, 63, 66

  Ganwerianwala 36

  Gardezi family 205–6

  GDP 9, 10, 249, 289

  Genghis Khan 99–100, 225, 226–7, 230

  Ghaggar-Hakra bed 36, 41, 42

  Ghazipur 184

  Ghaznavids 158

  Ghazni 202, 204, 207

  Ghor Khuttree 158–9

  Ghur 209

  Gibbon, Edward 116, 142

  god kings 183

  gods 9, 21, 25, 47–9, 49, 51, 144, 146

  Gogra river 181, 184

  Gokarneshwar 168

  Gokhale, Gopal

  Krishna 283–4

  Gokuldas 116–18

  gold 119–20

  Gomal 50

  Gond culture 276

  Gonur Tepe 51, 53

  Gorakhpur 79

  Grand Trunk Road 107, 161, 229–30, 260, 275

  Great Wall of China 137, 138

  Greek language 44, 138, 139, 140, 145

  Greeks 14, 16, 36–7, 47, 51, 55, 57–8, 60, 64, 66, 69–70, 82–6, 88–95, 97, 107–9, 112, 114, 118–22, 124, 129, 131, 139, 141–2, 144, 162, 164, 180–2, 196, 198, 265

  Gujarat 38, 71, 72, 115, 116, 118, 221, 240, 263, 291, 293

  Gulf 14, 115, 116, 118, 123, 136

  Gupta age 37, 58, 79, 87, 106, 158, 163, 169, 182–99, 221, 278

  Gupta, Sanjiv 38–41

  Guru Nanak 235, 236, 242

  Hadrian 116, 125, 142, 147, 168

  Han dynasty 137, 138, 141, 142, 155, 159, 166

  Hanuman 88, 174, 175, 176, 180

  Harappa 26–31, 32, 36, 39–40, 42–3, 45

  Harappan age 25, 115

  Harivamsa 162, 179

  Harsha 151, 196–9

  Hastinapur 58, 60–1, 62

  Hastings, Warren 272

  Helen of Troy 180

  Helios 144

  Helmand 148, 225

  Hemu 239

  Hephaistos 144

  Heracles (Hercules) 92, 129, 142

  Heraclitus 70

  Herat 54

  Herbert, Sir Edward 149

  Himalayas 93, 109, 113, 134, 136, 242, 254

  Hindu fundamentalism 176, 200

  Hindu Kush 50, 51, 54, 85, 138–41, 143, 144, 145, 169, 239

  Hindu Mahasabha 290

  Hindu mysticism 256–8

  Hindu nationalism 45, 174, 176, 200–1, 235, 281, 286, 289–91

  Hindus/Hinduism 15, 27, 30, 44, 56, 66–8, 87, 103, 108, 113, 116–18, 149, 154, 157, 168, 172, 174–6, 183, 200–4, 206, 209–10, 216, 221–2, 226, 229, 235, 237–43, 246–7, 252, 255–9, 262–4, 267–8, 271, 275–8, 283–7, 289–91, 293–5

  Hippalos the Greek 16, 120–1

  historiography 59–60, 200

  Homer 55, 56, 57, 180

  Hooghly river 135, 264, 265

  Horn of Africa 14

  horse sacrifices 52, 53, 187

  Hsuan Tsang 92, 135, 151–2, 153, 196–200

  Hu barbarians 167

  Humayun 232, 236–8, 252, 261

  Hume, Allan Octavian 282–3

  Huns 58, 113, 169, 182, 184, 196, 225

  hunter-gatherers 20–1, 25

  Hussein 177

  Huvishka 144

  Hyderabad 279

  ibn Arabi 245, 252, 253, 256

  ibn Battuta 222

  Ibrahim Lodi 197, 231–4

  Illuminationists 245

  Independence 8, 59, 63, 72, 200, 258, 263, 271, 287, 288–9, 295

  Indian Amazons 84

  Indian Archaeological Survey 28

  Indian freedom movement 281

  Indian Mutiny 1857 63, 268, 275, 281, 282, 285

  Indian National Congress 281

  see also Congress Party Indian Ocean 14, 116, 120, 123

  Indo-Aryans 51, 53

  Indo-European languages 43, 45, 49, 50, 57, 138

  Indo-Iranians 53

  Indochina 135

  Indonesia 14, 19

  Indra 49, 51, 53, 55, 157

  Indus region/civilization 24, 28, 31–3, 37–8, 41–3, 45, 49, 51–2, 71, 82, 84, 109, 128, 139, 155–6, 200–1, 208, 210

  Indus river 22, 31–2, 34, 40, 42, 185, 229, 260

  Iran 8, 22, 24, 25, 53, 54, 237, 245, 260, 261

  Iranian gods 142, 144, 146, 157, 160

  Iranians 244, 246

  Iraq 8, 24, 25, 26, 29, 36, 84, 102, 106, 112

  Irish 53

  Iron Age 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 69, 128–9

  Islam 21, 26, 81, 87, 103, 200–10, 222, 236–7, 241, 244, 246, 255, 258–9, 262–3, 277, 289–90

  Shia 145, 175, 177, 242, 245, 285

  Sunnis 208, 241, 245

  see also Muslims; Sufis

  Islamic fundamentalism 206, 226, 249

  Jacob, John 22

  Jacobabad 22

  Jaffar, Sayyed 145

  Jahan 228–9, 248, 250–6, 259–60, 262, 265–6

  Jahangir 229, 246, 248, 250, 255, 268

  Jains 37, 37–8, 59, 60–1, 71, 75, 81, 94–6, 99, 105–6, 132, 161–2, 172, 192, 203, 220, 221, 241

  Jaisalmer 207

  Jajpur 101, 103

  Jama Masjid 294–5

  Janssen, Michael 33

  Japan 71, 142, 160, 168, 216

  Java 119, 135, 210, 212

  Jesuits 45, 245

  Jesus 177

  Jews 9, 16, 123, 124–5

  Jhehum river 82

  Jians 293

  Jinnah, Mohammed Ali 285, 286, 287–8

  Jiwan, Malik 261

  Jodhpur, maharaja of 237

  Jones, Sir William 44–5, 47, 272

  Jumna river 40, 43, 57, 61, 62, 86, 138, 140, 165, 179, 198, 228–9, 231–2, 239, 246, 251, 253–5, 267, 282

  Jumna valley 209

  Kabir 209, 243

  Kabul 50, 148, 157, 169, 225, 228, 228–9, 232, 234, 238–9, 240

  Kabul river 50, 51

  Kabul valley 139, 226

  Kabuli Bagh Masjid 231–2

  Kachi Plain 23

  Kadar 14–15

  Kaffiristan 147

  Kaffirs 51

  Kaffir’s Castle
145–6, 162

  Kalanaur 239, 240

  Kali 77

  Kali Yuga 178, 212

  Kalibangan 40

  Kalidasa 191–2, 193

  Kalinga 100, 101–5

  Kalingapatnam 101

  Kallar people 15

  Kama Sutra 192–6

  Kamaldah 94–5

  Kamban 181

  Kanchi 210

  Kandahar 106, 112, 148, 257, 260

  Kanishka the Great 85, 142–7, 149–57, 160–4, 166–8, 198

  great stupa of 151–7

  Kannauj 196–7, 205

  Kans (Kansa) 167

  Kapisa 141

  Kapisa-Bagram 147, 162

  Karachi 119

  Karakorum 188

  Karle 221

  karma 70

  Karur 125

  Kashmir 72, 108, 109, 139, 160, 228, 256, 279

  Kasyapa Matanga 160

  Kathiawar 206–7

  Kauravas 56–7, 59

  Kausambi 61, 68, 74, 86, 146, 162

  Kautilya 84–5

  Kaveripatnam 134

  Kenoyer, Mark 31, 37

  Kerala 13, 16, 17, 115, 116, 122, 123, 125, 126, 201

  Khajuraho 172, 195, 221, 222

  Khodzent 226

  Khotan 136, 138, 147

  Khuldabad 264

  Khurram 50

  Khusro, Amir 11, 205, 278–9, 284

  Khyber Pass 22, 50, 82, 86, 159, 273

  Khyber region 27

  Khyber river 54, 140, 147, 148, 155, 188

  Kipling, Rudyard 270

  Knossos 58

  Koran 203, 205, 208, 235, 244, 252–3, 254, 255, 256, 259, 264

  Korava people 14–15

  Korea 71, 160

  Kosala 179

  Kovalam 16

  Krishna 61–2, 63, 92, 138, 161, 167, 177

  Krishna river 106, 129, 278

  Krishnamurti, Jiddu 209

  Kublai Khan 89

  Kujula Kadphises 139, 140, 146

  Kumaragupta 191

  Kumarasambhava 193

  Kumbakonum 132

  Kumbh Mela 7, 92, 198, 268

  Kunala 111

  Kundavi 212, 214, 218

  Kurdistan 49

  Kuru 57

  Kurukshetra 57, 61–2, 209

  Kurus 58, 60, 62, 232

  Kushans 32, 64, 137–47, 149–50, 156–69, 183, 185, 187, 193, 226, 265, 271, 276, 278

  Kushinagar 79

  Ladakh 113, 243

  Lahore 27, 29, 83, 201, 204, 249–50, 257, 261, 267

  Lakshman 174, 179

  Lakshmi 79, 124

  Lal, B.B. 59–63

  Lalitavistara 162

  language 8–10, 15, 19–20, 43–6, 49–50, 53–4, 57, 138–40, 145, 198, 222

  see also specific languages Lanka 179–80

  Lao Tzu 69

  Latin 44

  Levant 69

  Levi, Peter 225

  Lewis, James (Charles Masson) 27–9, 31

  Licchavi 187

  lingam 21, 66, 207

  literature 131–4, 191–6

  see also poetry

  Lodi 227, 230

  Lokaksema 160

  Lop Nor 138, 143

  Lothal 43

  Loyang 160

  Lucknow 257, 270

  Lucretius 264