China Witness

by Xinran Xue

  liberation of

  tiger stoves in

  Shanghai Finance and Economics Institute

  Shanghai Park Hotel

  Shanghai University

  Shangqiu

  Shaanxi province

  Shanxi province

  Shaoxing

  Shell

  Shendu

  Shengli oilfield

  Shenyang

  Shihezi

  Shijiazhuang

  Shouting Hill

  Sichuan province

  earthquake

  see also Chengdu

  Sichuan Dinosaur Fossil Museum

  Silk Road

  Single Child policy

  Sino-Japanese Youth Congress

  Sinopec

  Society of Economic Geologists

  Song dynasty

  see also

  Northern Song dynasty; Southern Song dynasty

  Song Qingling

  South America

  Southern dynasty

  Southern Song dynasty

  Soviet Union

  Special Cases Group

  Spring and Autumn period

  Sri Lanka

  Sudan

  Sui dynasty

  Sui'an University

  Sun Yat-sen

  Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong

  Supreme People's Court

  Suzhou

  Taiping Rebellion

  Taishan Island

  Taiwan

  Taiwan Strait

  Taklimakan Desert

  Tan Zheng

  Tang dynasty

  Tanggula Mountains

  Tangshan earthquake

  Tanhai area

  Tao Zhiyue

  Tao Zhu

  Tarim Basin

  Third Changsha Campaign

  Three Districts Revolution

  Three Great Mountains

  Three Red Banners

  "Three Represents" policy

  Tianjin

  Tianjin Magical Troupe

  Tibet

  Tongji Channel

  Tongmen Society

  Tongren

  Total

  Turfan

  United Nations

  University of Christianity

  Urumqi

  Vietnam

  Wang Bo

  Wang Genseng

  Wang Guang-mei

  Wang Hongwen

  Wang Jiaxiang

  Wang Ming, General

  Wang Zhen, General

  Warring States Period

  Wen Jiabao

  Wendeng

  Wenzhou

  Wenzhou City Normal School

  Wesley, Mary

  Workers' Medical University

  Wu Jiqing

  Wu Xiuquan

  Wu Yi

  Wudi, emperor

  Wuhan

  Wuhu

  Wuliang Mountain

  Wuqi Zhen

  Xi'an

  Xi'an Communications University

  Xingyi

  Xinhua News Agency

  Xinjiang province

  see also Urumqi

  Xinjiang-Gansu highway

  Xu Haidong, General

  Xue Yue, General

  Yan River

  Yan'an

  Yanchang oil deposit

  Yangjialing

  Yangtze Delta

  Yangtze River Basin

  Yantai

  Yao Wenyuan

  Ye Jianying

  Yellow Earth Plateau

  Yellow River

  Yinchuan

  Yinchuan Petroleum Prospecting Command Office

  Youth League of the Three Principles of the People

  Yu Ruobin see Sha Duoling

  Yuan dynasty

  Yuan Shikai

  Yuan Xiao Lantern Festival

  Yuanyang

  Yue Fei

  Yumen oilfield

  Yungang Grottos

  Yunnan

  Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

  Yushu

  Zhang Chonghan

  Zhang Chunqiao

  Zhang Guotao

  Zhang Qian

  Zhang Wentian

  Zhang Yimou

  Zhang Zongxian

  Zhangjiakou

  Zhangjiakou Pass

  Zhao Xiguang

  Zhao Ziyang

  Zhejiang province

  migrant workers from

  Zhengzhou

  Zhenjiang

  Zhijiang Xian

  Zhongnanhai

  Zhou Enlai

  Zhouping

  Zhu De

  Zhu Yuanzhang, emperor

  Zunyi

  Zunyi Conference

  Zuo Quan

  Xinran Xue

  ***

  [1] At 2007 rates, approximately US$700, €460, £350.

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  [2] A revolt against the Guomindang government of Xinjiang.

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  [3] The idea of "Harmonious Society" was introduced by China's president, Hu Jintao, in an attempt to address some of the increasingly serious inequalities and divisions of Chinese society.

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  [4] A valued medal given to outstanding women workers, awarded each year on 8 March (International Women's Day) at different levels: national, provincial, county and city.

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  [5] Shenzhou VI was the second human spaceflight of the People's Republic of China, launched on 12 October 2005 on a Long March rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert.

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  [6] Caramel-like sweet, high in energy and milk protein.

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  [7] To give some idea of the scale, most Chinese provinces are the size of a medium-sized European country. Some of the military areas mentioned here, such as the Chengdu military area, cover several provinces.

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  [8] Shang dynasty: 1600-1046 BC; Zhou dynasty: 1046-256 BC.

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  [9] Spring and Autumn Period: 770-476 BC.

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  [10] 12,500 kilometres/8,000 miles.

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  [11] The Central Soviet Area, also known as the Jiangxi Soviet, was an independent government established by the Chinese Communist Party in Jiangxi province in southeastern China, 1931-34.

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  [12] Li De was the Chinese name given to Otto Braun, the German advisor sent by the Communist International to advise the Chinese Communist Party in 1934. Later that year, Braun, Zhou Enlai and Bo Gu became the leaders of the early First Front Army and made all decisions, despite opposition to them and their tactics from revolutionary leaders Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai. Much of the Communist Army was destroyed due to Braun's doctrine of direct attacks on the far larger and better-equipped GMD Army.

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  [13] In fact, some units did not participate in the Long March, but of course a single soldier could not know what was happening in detail to the whole army.

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  [14] Canadian surgeon, b. 1890, Ontario. He joined the Communist Party, after a visit to the Soviet Union, and went to China in 1938 where he became a hero for his dedicated work, and died in 1939.

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  [15] Guomindang planes.

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  [16] Post-war liberation from Guomindang control by the People's Liberation Army, the troops of the Chinese Communist Party.

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  [17] 130 hectares/330 acres.

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  [18] See the following chapter p.307, for a selection of these remarkable letters.

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  [19] Its English title was Random Harvest.

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  [20] This phenomenon is also recounted in Cao Jinqing's China Along the Yellow River: Reflections on Rural Society.

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  [21] 16 acres / 7 hectares.

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  [22] Part of the Chinese court system, formed of a hierarchy of prosecuting offices
called People's Procuratorates, the highest being the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

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  [23] Liu Shaoqi (1898-1969) was Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 27 April 1959 to 31 October 1968 but during the Cultural Revolution he was labelled a "traitor". In July 1966 he was displaced as Party Deputy Chairman by Lin Biao. By 1967 Liu Shaoqi and his wife Wang Guang-mei were under house arrest in Beijing.

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  [24] Tao Zhu (1908-1969) was Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee and Commander of the Guangzhou Military Region. He later became First Secretary of the Central-South region, and in 1965 was moved to Beijing as Director of the Central Propaganda Department. He was a Vice Premier of the State Council and Secretary of the Central Secretariat of the CCP, as well as an advisor to the Central Cultural Revolution Group. In May 1966, he was promoted to No. 4 in the Party, behind Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Lin Biao, but was purged during the Cultural Revolution in early 1967 and died under house arrest in 1969.

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  [25] Xu Haidong (1900-1970) was born into poverty and was made Grand General in the People's Liberation Army of China in 1955. Mao Zedong praised him as "a banner of the working class". He died in Zhengzhou in March 1970.

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  [26] After Deng Xiaoping came to power in 1978, Liu Shaoqi was politically rehabilitated (in February 1980) with a state funeral.

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  [27] Date is 2005. This text as been reproduced a number of times on blogs and even university websites.

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  Document version: 1

  Document creation date: 24.09.2011

  Created using: Fiction Book Designer software

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