The King's Cardinal: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey (Pimlico)

by Gwyn, Peter

  109 Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, p.267.

  110 Scarisbrick, Bibl. d’Humanisme et Renaissance, xxiv, pp.211-5.

  111 See pp.280-1.

  112 For this important episode see Bernard, JEH, 37; Guy, EHR, xcvii, and Scarisbrick, Cambridge Historical Journal, xii, and his ‘Conservaive episcopate’, pp.114 ff. In the controversy between Bernard and Guy, I very much side with Bernard.

  113 Guy, EHR, xcvii, pp.486-7; the discovery of these two was Guy’s.

  114 Ibid, p.484.

  115 Fuller, Islip, Melford and Sherburne.

  116 Bernard, JEH, 37, p.285.

  117 Chapuys was in no doubt about the connection between the praemunire charges and the divorce; see Sp. Cal., iv (i), p.673.

  118 Hall, p.788.

  119Sp. Cal., iv (i), pp.598-9.

  120 Ibid, p.690.

  121 Ibid, p.690-1; this Chapuys’s surmise, but since the envoys do not appear to have replied until 17 Sept. he may have been wrong (LP, iv, 6667; LP App, 262.

  122Sp. Cal., iv (i), p.727.

  123LP, iv, 6618; Sp. Cal., iv (i), pp.712, 719, 721-6, 734-6, 760-2.

  124Ibid, p.709; also the view of the Milanese and Ventian ambassador (Mil.Cal., 827; Ven. Cal., iv, 629).

  125LP App, 262.

  126LP, iv, 6469; Sp. Cal., iv (i), p.712, 719.

  127 Ibid, p.758.

  128 Ibid.

  129 Ibid.

  130 Ibid, p.759. It is impossible to give a precise date for the meeting, but Chapuys’s report is dated 15 Oct.

  131 See pp.623-4 were the opposite was suggested. One problem here is my lack of legal expertise; but it must also have been rather unchartered waters for the Crown lawyers, making contrary legal opinions possible.

  132 It is worth making the point that even if their non-appearance was not an act of defiance, the mere fact that Henry was anxious for a delay in both the prosecutions and the resummoning of parliament, suggests the weakness of his position and therefore a greater incentive to make use of Wolsey.

  133Mil.Cal. 833; Sp. Cal., iv (i), p.819 [His report of 27 Nov.]. See LP, xvi, 590 for rather similar remarks about Cromwell after his fall.

  134 See especially L. Baldwin Smith, 28 ff, though one needs to bear in mind that the politics of the 1540s is much disputed.

  135 So thought Chapuys and the Milanese ambassador (Sp. Cal., iv (i), pp.711, 720-1; Mil.Cal., 827; the suggestion being that in order to strengthen his hand with the French envoys Henry was anxious temporarily to cut the links between them and Francis.

  136Sp. Cal., iv (i), pp.737, 788.

  137 Ibid, 711-2; Mil. Cal., 827; Ven. Cal., iv, 618.

  138Sp. Cal., iv (i), pp.790-1.

  139St. P, vii, p.213.

  140 PRO Cotton app, xlviii, fo.110 (LP, iv, 6699).

  141 Guy, Sir Thomas More, pp.136-8, but revised in EHR, xcvii, pp.487-8; see also Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, 274 ff. and Elton, Reform and Reformation, pp.130-140, where he makes little of Cromwell’s letter, but is anxious to connect the new direction in Henry’s campaign for a divorce in the autumn of 1530 with Cromwell and his fellow radicals.

  142 Guy, EHR, xcvii, p.487.

  143 When Cromwell assumed a leading position is a crux that may never be resolved, but see inter alia, Elton, Tudor Revolution, pp.71-91. However, it really cannot have been until at least late 1531.

  144 The notion was originally Scarisbrick’s in Cambridge Historical Journal, xii, 27-9, but in my view successfuly challenged by Guy in EHR, xcvii, 488-90.

  145Sp. Cal, iv (1), p.630.

  146LP, iv, 6688.

  147 Bodleian Library, MS Jesus Coll 74, fo.194; see also Pollard, Wolsey, p.288.

  148 Bradford, pp.323-7 (Sp Cal, iv (i), pp.819-21); Mil.Cal., 832, a view he ascribes to those more friendly to Wolsey, ‘who attribute everything to the envy and fear of his rivals’.

  149 Cavendish, p.150.

  150 Ibid, p.156.

  151 Ibid, p.137.

  152Sp. Cal., iv (i), p.819.

  153 Ibid, p.630.

  154 PRO SP1/58/fo.135v (LP, iv, 6688).

  155 BL Add. MS 48066, fos.184, 186-7; St. P, vii, pp.211-5 (LP, iv, 6733).

  156 PRO SP1/58/fo.215 (LP, iv, 6763); also A.F. Pollard, p.295, n.3. His suggestion that the bond was extracted because the government was anxious to prevent anything coming out that would in some way jeopardize England’s relations with foreign powers could have some truth in it, but any embarrassment would have been much greater if they had learnt that the conspiracy they were supposed to be involved in was Henry’s invention!

  157 Cavendish specifically mentions that between the Tempests and the Hastings; see Cavendish, p.145.

  158 Pollard, Wolsey, p.297. For the belief that he would be unpopular but was not see inter alia Sp. Cal., iv (i), p.515; LP, iv, 6571; Mil.Cal., 817.

  159Inter alia, LP, iv, 6330, 6377, 6510, 6523, 6578-9, 6663, 6666.

  160LP, iv, 6475, 6554, 6555, 6571.

  161LP, iv, 6302, 6335, 6344, 6545.

  162LP, iv, 6329, 6341, 6344, 6447, 6545, 6571.

  163LP, iv, 6571, 6582, 6583-8.

  164Inter alia St. P, iv, 145, 152 (LP, iv, 662, 687).

  165St. P, i, p.368 (LP, iv, 6582).

  166 See p.615.

  167Mil.Cal., 838.

  168 Cavendish, p.156.

  169 Ibid. p.165.

  170 Ibid, p.166

  171 Ibid, pp.167, 178.

  172 Ibid, p.181-2.

  173 Ibid, pp.178-81.

  174 Ibid, p.178-9.

  175 Ibid, p.179.

  176 Bradford, p.336 (Sp. Cal., iv (i), p.833).

  177Mil.Cal., 833.

  178 Cavendish, p.179.

  179 Bellay, Correspondence, p.20 (LP, iv, 5610).

  NOTES TO THE NOTES

  I have deliberately geared the notes to the Calendars of the State Papers rather than to the documents themselves. This is not because the documents have not been consulted – and where a quote is only to be found in the original, or in the rare cases where the calendars are defective, or there is no calendar, the document reference is given – but because they provide the most readily available means for anyone to check my sources, and are in themselves the best finding list to the documents. Where no page reference is given a document number is to be assumed.

  The secondary sources relate very precisely to the bibliography at the back. A single name indicates that only one work by that author is to be found there; initials distinguish one author with the same name from another; where there is no author, or for those authors with more than one work, short titles to the work, or to the periodical in which it appears, have been used.

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