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United States v. James P. Barker: Proceedings of a General Court-Martial. Fort Campbell, Ky. November 15, 2006.
United States v. Private First Class Bryan L. Howard: Proceedings of a General Court- Martial. Fort Campbell, Ky. March 2007.
United States v. Private First Class Jesse V. Spielman: Proceedings of a General Court- Martial. Fort Campbell, Ky. July 13, 2001.
United States v. Sergeant Paul E. Cortez: Proceedings of a General Court-Martial. Fort Campbell, Ky. February 15, 2007.
United States v. Steven Dale Green. United States District Court, Western Division of Kentucky. Paducah, Ky. April–May 2009.
U.S. State Department Office of the Historian. “Significant Terrorist Incidents, 1961–2003: A Brief Chronology.” March 2004. www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/5902.htm.
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Campaign—The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom, May 2003–January 2005. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: Combat Studies Institute Press, June 2008.
Newspaper, Magazine, Internet Articles, TV Segments, and Nongovernmental Reports
Agence France-Presse. “Al-Qaeda Posts Rape Revenge Video.” July 11, 2006.
______. “Two Bodies, Including Beheaded Man, Found South of Baghdad.” October 3, 2004.
APS Review Downstream Trends. “Iraq—Contractors from Friendly States.” April 23, 2001.
Arraf, Jane, et al. “Iraq: New Push Against Insurgents.” CNN.com, October 5, 2004.
Associated Press. “Al-Qaida Claims Killing of Two GIs: Military Awaits DNA Tests After Finding Mutilated, Booby-trapped Bodies.” June 21, 2006.
______. “Bodies of Two Missing Soldiers Found in Iraq.” July 11, 2008.
______. “Federal Jury Acquits Ex-Marine in Iraqis’ Deaths: Verdict Is the First Time a Civilian Jury Has Weighed In on the Law of War.” August 28, 2008.
______. “Iraqi Insurgent Group Unveils Rocket.” November 4, 2006.
______. “Iraq’s ‘Triangle of Death’ Includes Bounties.” November 19, 2004.
______. “Rumsfeld Blames Iraq Problems on ‘Pockets of Dead-enders.’” June 18, 2003.
______. “A Timeline of Iraq War, Troop Levels.” April 8, 2008.
Atlanta Journal-Constitution Online. “AJC 48th Brigade Blog.” http://www.ajc.com/news/content/news/index/iraq.html.
Barnes, Julian E. “20% of Iraq, Afghanistan Veterans Have Depression or PTSD, Study Finds.” Los Angeles Times, April 18, 2008.
Barrouquere, Brett. “Killings Shattered Dreams of Rural Iraqi Family.” Associated Press, May 23, 2009.
______. “Relatives of Slain Iraqis Confront Killer in Court.” Associated Press, May 28, 2009.
Basu, Moni, and Ron Martz. “Building Iraqis’ Trust a Difficult Mission: Progress in Iraqi Town Fades Since Georgia Guard Unit Headed Home.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, July 30, 2006.
Basu, Moni, and Anna Varela. “Four More from 48th Killed in Iraq.” The 48th Goes to War blog, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Online, July 31, 2005.
BBC.co.uk. “Zarqawi Death Has ‘Little Impact,’” July 4, 2006.
Beilue, Jon Mark. “Ben Britt: Never a Taker, Always a Giver.” Amarillo Globe News, January 1, 2006.
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Bowles, Sarah, and Hadley Robinson. “Trying to Understand the Mahmudiyah Massacre.” Gelf Magazine, May 6, 2009.
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Burns, John F. “Iraq’s Ho Chi Minh Trail.” New York Times, June 5, 2005.
______. “With 25 Citizen Warriors in an Improvised War.” New York Times, December 12, 2004.
Cambanis, Thanassis. “2 Pictures Emerge of Militants’ Power.” Boston Globe, October 18, 2004.
Carey, Benedict. “When the Personality Disorder Wears Camouflage.” New York Times, July 9, 2006.
Casey, Nicholas. “Civilian Court Tries Case from the Fog of War: Ex-Marine Is Accused Under Law Aimed at Contractors.” Wall Street Journal, August 19, 2008.
Cave, Damien. “5 Killed and 3 Missing in Attack on American Patrol South of Baghdad.” New York Times, May 13, 2007.
CNN.com. “Iraq: New Push Against Insurgents.” October 5, 2004.
Coll, Steve. “The General’s Dilemma: David Petraeus, the Pressures of Politics, and the Road out of Iraq.” New Yorker, September 8, 2008.
Cooper, Anderson, and Pierre Bairin. “Former Enemies Kiss in ‘Triangle of Death.’” CNN.com, September 11, 2007.
Cordesman, Anthony H. “Iraqi Force Development: Summer 2006 Update.” Center for Strategic and International Studies. Revised August 23, 2006.
______. “Iraq’s Evolving Insurgency and the Risk of Civil War.” Center for Strategic and International Studies. Working draft for outside comment. Revised January 26, 2007.
DeYoung, Karen. “Letter Gives Glimpse of al-Qaeda’s Leadership: Letter Shows Worry over Iraq Infighting.” Washington Post, October 2, 2006.
______. “Zarqawi Taunts U.S. in Video: Leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq Vows to Thwart New Baghdad Government.” Washington Post, April 26, 2006.
DeYoung, Karen, and Walter Pincus. “Zarqawi Helped U.S. Argument That Al-Qaeda Network Was in Iraq.” Washington Post, June 10, 2006.
Diamond, Larry. “What Went Wrong in Iraq.” Foreign Affairs, September/October 2004.
“Ethan Biggers Death Notice.” Dayton Daily News, March 2, 2007.
Fallows, James. “Why Iraq Has No Army.” Atlantic Monthly, December 2005.
Farmer, Blake. “Fort Campbell Faces Wave of Suicides.” WPLN Radio news feature, April 16, 2009.
Filkins, Dexter. “Qaeda Video Vows Iraq Defeat for ‘Crusader’ U.S.” New York Times, April 26, 2006.
______. “U.S. Says 2 Bodies Retrieved in Iraq Were Brutalized.” New York Times, June 21, 2006.
______. “25 Insurgents Killed in Battle South of Baghdad, U.S. Says.” New York Times, May 16, 2006.
Finer, Jonathan. “How U.S. Forces Found Iraq’s Most-Wanted Man.” Washington Post, June 9, 2006.
Frank, Thomas. “The Trail Is Cold, but a Platoon Searches On for Two U.S. Soldiers Captured in a May Attack Tied to Al-Qaeda.” USA Today, August 8, 2007.
Frayer, Lauren. “Derelict Power Plant Symbol of Iraq Woes.” Associated Press, February 11, 2007.
Gaughen, Patrick. “Backgrounder #8: 4th Brigade, 6th Iraqi Army Division.” Institute for the Study of War. Undated.
Ghosh, Bobby. “Behind the Sunni-Shi’ite Divide.” Time, February 22, 2007.
Giordono, Joseph. “Pentagon Identifies Two Pilots Killed When Copter Was Shot Down in Iraq.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, May 19, 2006.
______. “U.S. Troops Kill 12 Suspected Insurgents in Raid on ‘Safe House.’” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, April 27, 2006.
______. “8,000 Troops Widen Search for Missing GIs: Militant Web Site Claims Soldiers Were Kidnapped.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, June 20, 2006.
Graff, Peter. “U.S. Hands ‘Triangle of Death’ to Iraqi Troops.” Reuters, October 23, 2008.
Hazen, D. “Al-Zarqawi: A Post Mortem.” Inqu
iry and Analysis Series No. 284. Middle East Media Research Institute, June 30, 2006.
______. “Sunni Jihad Groups Rise Up Against Al-Qaeda in Iraq.” Inquiry and Analysis Series No. 336. Middle East Media Research Institute, March 22, 2007.
Hernandez, Nelson, and Hassan Shammari. “Scores Are Killed in Heavy Fighting South of Baghdad.” Washington Post, May 16, 2006.
Hoagland, Doug. “Soldier’s Story Is Written in Contrasts.” Fresno Bee, July 30, 2006.
Human Rights Watch. Leadership Failure: Firsthand Accounts of Torture of Iraqi Detainees by the U.S. Army’s 82nd Airborne Division. September 22, 2005.
______. “No Blood, No Foul”: Soldiers’ Accounts of Detainee Abuse in Iraq. July 2006.
International Crisis Group. In Their Own Words: Reading the Iraqi Insurgency. Middle East Report No. 50, February 15, 2006.
Ireland Online. “Suicide Bomber Attacks Iraqi Wedding Party.” January 21, 2005.
Kagen, Kimberly, et al. “Iraq Situation Report.” Institute for the Study of War, February 7, 2008.
Kaplow, Larry. “The Last Day of the Iraq War.” Newsweek, January 12, 2009.
Kershaw, Michael. Department of Defense news briefing, October 4, 2007.
Knickmeyer, Ellen. “Details Emerge in Alleged Army Rape, Killings.” Washington Post, July 3, 2006.
______. “Military-Style Assault Kills Dozens in Iraqi Marketplace.” Washington Post, July 18, 2006.
______. “Zarqawi’s Hideout Was Secret Till Last Minute.” Washington Post, June 11, 2006.
Kors, Joshua. “How Specialist Towns Lost His Benefits.” The Nation, April 9, 2007.
Krepinevich, Andrew F., Jr. “How to Win in Iraq.” Foreign Affairs, September/October 2005.
Lenz, Ryan. “Army Works to Offset Combat Stress in Iraq.” Associated Press, June 4, 2006.
______. “GIs May Have Planned Iraq Rape, Slayings.” Associated Press, July 1, 2006.
______. “Soldier Accused of Murdering Iraqi Family Was Diagnosed as Homicidal Threat 3 Months Before.” Associated Press, January 9, 2007.
______. “Soldiers Investigated for Alleged Rape, Killing Family in Iraq.” Associated Press, June 30, 2006.
Lilly, J. Robert. “Rape and Murder in the European Theater of Operations, WWII.” Unpublished paper prepared at the request of the Steven Green legal defense team, January 31, 2007.
Loiko, Sergei L., and John Daniszewski. “Russia Launches ‘a Planned Withdrawal’ of Its Citizens from Iraq.” Los Angeles Times, March 7, 2003.
Miklaszewski, Jim. “Video Posted of Downed Helicopter.” NBC Nightly News, undated, accessed online. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/12172474#12172474.
Military Channel. “Triangle of Death.” Combat Zone (season 1, episode 7), 2007.
Morgan, David. “Study Says 300,000 U.S. Troops Suffer Mental Problems.” Reuters, April 17, 2008.
Morgan, Wesley. “Leaving Baghdad, Battalion Recalls a Long Deployment.” Long War Journal, November 17, 2008.
Morin, Monte. “48th BCT Nears End of Tough Tour in Iraq: Guard Unit Suffered Heavy Losses in Early Fighting.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, March 26, 2006.
______. “Medics Recall Their Own Close Brushes with Death in Iraq.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, March 21, 2006.
______. “Triangle of Death Now a Safe Passage for Pilgrims.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, March 11, 2007.
Mroue, Bassem. “Letter Criticized al-Qaida Head in Iraq.” Associated Press, October 3, 2006.
Mukhtar, Ahmed. “Deadly Triangle.” Al-Ahram Weekly, November 4–10, 2004.
Naylor, Sean. “Closing In on Zarqawi.” Air Force Times, May 8, 2006.
Odierno, Ray. Department of Defense news briefing, November 1, 2007. Iraq Situation Report. Institute for the Study of War, February 7, 2008.
Perry, Mark. “U.S. Military Breaks Ranks.” Asia Times Online, January 23, 2008.
Powell, Anita. “Sectarian Militias Seen Gaining Strength in Mahmudiyah.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, October 21, 2006.
______. “Tall Task for 10th Mountain in Mahmudiyah.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, October 8, 2006.
Powell, Bill, and Scott MacLeod. “Zarqawi’s Last Dinner Party.” Time, June 11, 2006.
Quinlivan, James T. “Burden of Victory: The Painful Arithmetic of Stability Operations.” Rand Review, Summer 2003.
Raphaeli, Nimrod. “The Elections in Iraq—The Roots of Democracy.” Inquiry and Analysis Series No. 258. Middle East Media Research Institute, December 21, 2005.
Rawe, Julie, and Aparisim Ghosh. “A Soldier’s Shame.” Time, July 17, 2006.
Redmon, Jeremy. “48th Will Redeploy in Iraq by Thanksgiving.” The 48th Goes to War blog, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Online, October 4, 2005.
______. “New Buddy Sorely Missed.” The 48th Goes to War blog, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Online, October 27, 2005.
Reid, Robert. “Tape Claims 3 GIs Killed over Rape-Murders.” Associated Press, July 11, 2006.
Reuters. “Soldier Gets 27 Months in Iraq Gang-Rape Case.” March 21, 2007.
Roberts, Joel. “Terror Group Warns U.S. over Missing GIs.” CBS.com, May 14, 2007.
Roug, Louise. “Targeted Killings Surge in Baghdad.” Los Angeles Times, May 7, 2006.
Rubin, Alissa J. “Iraqi Court Sentences Man to Die for Killing 3 G.I.’s.” New York Times, October 29, 2008.
______. “Religious Hostility Surfacing.” Los Angeles Times, December 20, 2004.
Russian News and Information Service. “Iraq in Talks with Russia on Completing Power Plant.” March 12, 2008.
Schmitt, Eric, and Carolyn Marshall. “In Secret Unit’s ‘Black Room,’ a Grim Portrait of U.S. Abuse.” New York Times, March 19, 2006.
Sengupta, Kim. “‘This is now the most dangerous place in Iraq. We are coming up against Zarqawi’s people.’” The Independent, November 22, 2004.
Shadid, Anthony. “Iraq’s Forbidding ‘Triangle of Death’: South of Baghdad, a Brutal Sunni Insurgency Holds Sway.” Washington Post, November 23, 2004.
Shadid, Anthony, and Bradley Graham. “Troops Hit Sites South of Baghdad: Raids Involve U.S., British, Iraqi Forces.” Washington Post, November 24, 2004.
SITE Intelligence Group. “In Memory of the Sunnah of Our Ancestors in Mutilation Video from the Mujahideen Shura Council in Iraq Featuring Attack upon Two Captured American Soldiers in Yusufiyah.” Translation and description of jihadi video, September 22, 2009.
______. “The Mujahideen Shura Council in Iraq Issues a Video of the Mutilated Corpses of the Captured American Soldiers in Al-Yusufiyah.” Translation and description of jihadi video, July 10, 2006.
Spinner, Jackie. “Marines Widen Their Net South of Baghdad: Troops Say Offensive Is Vastly Different from Urban Warfare in Fallujah.” Washington Post, November 28, 2004.
Stahl, Lesley, and Richard Bonin. “General O.” CBS, 60 Minutes, September 28, 2008.
Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition. “Apache May Have Been Shot Down in Iraq: Pilots Are Presumed Dead; Recovery Efforts Continue.” April 3, 2006.
______. “Iraqi Unit Takes Over Another U.S. Base.” June 20, 2006.
______. “U.S. Military Focuses on Missing Soldiers.” May 17, 2007.
______. “U.S. Military Transfers Security Responsibility for Mahmudiyah Area.” August 15, 2006.
Tilghman, Andrew. “Air Assault Spearheads Push to Hurt Insurgency in Area South of Baghdad.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, March 4, 2006.
______. “The Army’s Other Crisis: Why the Best and Brightest Young Officers Are Leaving.” Washington Monthly, December 2007.
______. “‘I Came Over Here Because I Wanted to Kill People.’” Washington Post, July 30, 2006.
______. “In Mahmudiyah, Tensions Were at a Boiling Point Before Samarra Mosque Attack.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, February 25, 2006.
______. “Insurgents Control Many Perilous Rural Roads in Iraq.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, F
ebruary 24, 2006.
______. “The Myth of AQI.” Washington Monthly, October 2007.
______. “Soldiers at Yusufiyah See It All Go Up in Smoke: Faulty Wiring Suspected in Fire at FOB Near Baghdad.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, February 20, 2006.
______. “Soldier’s Death Leaves Others Thinking ‘What If’: Routine Search of Iraqi House Turned into a Fatal Firefight.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, March 15, 2006.
______. “U.S. Troops Avoid Both Sides of Sectarian Fight South of Baghdad: Tension Between Sunnis, Shias Rises in Mahmudiyah.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, February 27, 2006.
______. “U.S. Troops Helping Keep the Peace Inside Iraqi City: U.S. Troops Help Iraqi Forces Curb Sectarian Violence in Urban Areas.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, February 26, 2006.
______. “U.S. Troops in ‘Triangle of Death’ See Independent Iraqi Army as Distant Goal: Progress Noted, but Force’s Equipment, Competence Level, Trustworthiness Debated.” Stars and Stripes, Mideast edition, March 3, 2006.
Van Natta, Don, Jr. “Who Is Abu Musab al-Zarqawi?” New York Times, October 10, 2004.
Weaver, Mary Anne. “The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.” Atlantic Monthly, July–August 2006.
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______. “Troops Take On Insurgent Haven.” Washington Post, October 24, 2006.
Worth, Robert F., and Carolyn Marshall. “G.I. Crime Photos May Be Evidence.” New York Times, August 5, 2006.
Yehoshua, Y. “Dispute in Islamist Circles over the Legitimacy of Attacking Muslims, Shiites, and Non-combatant Non-Muslims in Jihad Operations in Iraq: Al-Maqdisi vs. His Disciple Al-Zarqawi.” Inquiry and Analysis Series No. 239. Middle East Media Research Institute, September 11, 2005.
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Copyright © 2010 by Jim Frederick
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Black Hearts: One Platoon's Descent into Madness in Iraq's Triangle of Death Page 45
