Soldier Boy
Page 13
I thank the Department of Defence for permission to reprint the Rising Sun badge on the chapter headings of the book; and the Sun-Herald for permission to reprint Graham Gambie’s 1984 article on Jim Martin.
I appreciate the help given by the Director and Staff of the National Library of Australia, particularly at the Reference Desk and in the Newspaper and Microform Room.
I also acknowledge the kindness and help I received from Anne Nevins, Berrigan Shire Librarian, Cr Elizabeth McLaurin, Mrs Margaret Ballhause, Mrs Elaine Bate and Mrs Lynne George, all of Tocumwal; Mr James Logan, archivist, Charles Sturt University Regional Archives; Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages in Victoria and NSW; National Archives of Australia; the Department of Veterans’ Affairs; staff of the Victorian Public Records Office; Mrs June Healey, the Returned & Services League of Australia, and Central Army Records Office, who gave advice on tracing returned servicemen; staff of the Public Records Office, London.
I thank the Boroondara City Library for assistance with Hawthorn municipal records; Gwen McWilliam, for generously sharing her knowledge of Hawthorn local history; the Principal, Mr Geoff Burt, and staff of Glenferrie School 1508; General Sir Phillip Bennett; Mrs Elizabeth Burness, formerly with the AWM Education Section; Dr Chris Coulthard-Clark; Dr Alan Cowan, who gave valuable medical advice; Sir William Deane, who gave me much encouragement and support; Rev Tom Frame; Margaret Francis, for permission to photograph James Martin’s former residence; Rev Rod Gallagher; the late Colonel Reg Gardner; Hon Bill Hayden, with whom I visited Gallipoli in 1995 as a member of his staff; my daughter, Jane Hill, for research at the State Library of Victoria; Mrs Nadia Kuhlmann; my friend, Dr Michael McKernan, who advised on many aspects of military history and kindly read the manuscript; Lieutenant Colonel Neil Smith, whose history of the 21st Battalion has been an important source of information.
I also wish to acknowledge the assistance I received from my friend, Don Barnby, and members of the Australian Army when I first had the idea for a war book some years ago: the Director of Army Public Relations, Queensland; the Commandant of the Land Warfare Centre, Canungra, Queensland; Lieutenant Colonel Rod Webster, who also kindly read the manuscript, and members of 5th/6th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment; the Commandant, Staff and Officer Cadets of Royal Military College of Australia, Duntroon.
I was privileged to visit Mr Roy Longmore, among the last of all the Anzacs. Mr Longmore served at Gallipoli in Jim Martin’s battalion, and speaking to him gave this book a living presence. I thank him and his son, Mr Eric Longmore, who made my visit possible.
Finally, I mention my great uncle, Mr Vernon Waring, of Melbourne. Late in the writing I discovered that his brother (and consequently also my great uncle), Howard, served in the 21st Battalion and in the same Company at Gallipoli as James Martin. Like Jim, Howard did not return from the war, and I know that his family never ceased to mourn him. Thus do our many connections with the past resonate into present and future lives.
Anthony Hill
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Adam-Smith, Patsy, The Anzacs (Penguin, Melbourne, 1991)
AIF War Diary, 21st Bn, September–December 1915, AWM 4 microfilm roll 54.
Armstrong, Lt Donald, 21st Bn, letters 1915, AWM 1DRL/0057. Lt Armstrong was killed in France in October 1917.
Barnes, Sgt B., 21st Bn, B Coy, letter September 1915, AWM 2DRL/0004.
Barrett, John, Falling In, Australians and ‘Boy Conscription’ 1911–1915 (Hale & Iremonger, Sydney, 1979).
Bean, C.E.W., Anzac to Amiens (Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 1983). See pp 61 and 84 for boy sailors on HMAS Sydney and at the Gallipoli landing. Boys on Sydney were 16–17 years old, Jose qv.
Bean, C.E.W., Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18, Vols I & II, The Story of ANZAC (Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1938). See Vol II pp 807–809 for the Southland.
Bell, Pte Alexander, 1st Reinforcements 21st Bn, diary begins at Suez, July 1915, AWM 3DRL/1307. Alex Bell, 29, was killed in France in August 1916.
Butler, Col A.G., Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War of 1914–18. Vol I (AWM, Melbourne, 1938). See pp 249, 364, 376 on Gallipoli’s ‘disease debacle’. Ibid, Vol III, AWM, Melbourne, 1943, see pp 371 and 493 for use of morphia.
Currie, Cpl Albert and Pte Will, private letters 1915–1916, describing the voyage from Australia to Egypt. The Tocumwal brothers were both killed during the war.
Dennis, Peter et al. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (Oxford, Melbourne). See pp 174–175 for boy cadets 1911–1922.
Embarkation Rolls, 21st Bn, 1st and 2nd Reinforcements, AWM 8 fiche 1077–1082.
Gammage, Bill, The Broken Years (Penguin, Melbourne, 1975).
Garvey, Stella, Stella, in Yesterday’s Daughters, Alma Bushell (ed), (Nelson, Melbourne, 1986). Cec Hogan’s sister tells of growing up at Greta and Benalla, Cec going to war and his homecoming.
Goodman, Rupert, Hospital Ships, (Boolarong Publications, Brisbane, 1992).
Hine, Pte William Lionel, 21st Bn, A Coy, diary on arrival at Anzac quoted in Smith qv. Bill Hine, who rose to the rank of sergeant, died of wounds in France in August 1916.
Hogan, C.J., private letter to his sister, Kath, from Gallipoli, 17 October, 1915. See also Martin collection for condolence letter.
Jose, Arthur W., Official History, Vol IX The Royal Australian Navy, (Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1937). See pp 186–7 for training ship boys in the Sydney–Emden fight.
Laffin, John, Gallipoli (Kangaroo Press, Sydney, 1999).
MacNeil, Capt A.R. MC (ed), The Story of the Twenty-First (21st Bn Association, Melbourne 1920) reprinted 1971.
McWilliam, Gwen, A School for Hawthorn (Glenferrie Primary School 1508, Melbourne, 1975).
Martin, Pte James, private letter and letters in the AWM Collections, AWM PR 83/061 and PR 85/339, including the condolence letters from Cec Hogan and Matron Reddock.
Maxfield, Capt Gordon Loris MC, 21st Bn, letters 1915, AWM 1DRL/0489. Captain Maxfield was killed in France in May 1917.
Odgers, George, The Royal Australian Navy, An Illustrated History (Child & Henry Australia, Brookvale, 1982). See p 41 for cadet midshipmen beginning naval training at 13–14 years.
Reddock, Matron Frances Hope Logie (nee Hogarth), see under Martin, James, and also her file with the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service at the Public Records Office, London, WO 399 6903. Born in Wales, Frances Reddock spent some time nursing in India. Her husband was Captain John Reddock, who commanded a troopship in the Great War.
Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Victoria and NSW.
Robertson, John, Anzac and Empire (Hamlyn Australia, Melbourne, 1990).
Sands NSW Directory, 1900–1914.
Sands & McDougall’s Directories for Victoria, 1909–1930.
Scott, Ernest, Official History, Vol XI Australia During the War (Angus & Robertson, 1938). See p 439 on lowering recruitment standards during the war.
Smith, N.C., The Red and Black Diamond, The History of the 21st Battalion 1915–1918 (Mostly Unsung Military History, Gardenvale, 1997).
The Australian Encyclopedia (Grolier, Sydney, 1981).
The Argus, Melbourne, August–September 1914, March–November 1915.
The Herald, Melbourne, March–December 1915, 20 November 1933.
The School Paper, Education Department Victoria, monthly editions for Grades VII & VIII, 1913, 1914, 1915.
Wellington, Capt N.F.MC, 21st Bn, Report on the torpedoing of SS ‘Southland’, AWM 3DRL/3509.
Williams, Cpl Ivor, 21st Bn, diary May–December 1915, AWM PR 91/113. Ivor Williams kept a very detailed, descriptive and helpful diary of his war experience. He returned to Australia in 1918, served in the Second World War, and died in 1975.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders of photographs. The publishers would appreciate hearing from any copyright holder not here acknowledg
ed.
FRONT COVER AND SPINE: Photograph of James Martin courtesy of Australian War Memorial, Canberra (Australian War Memorial negative number P0069/01). Photograph of sunset over the Sphinx at Gallipoli, 1995, © Suzanne Wilson. Crest courtesy Australian War Memorial, Canberra.
BACK COVER
Photographs of Jim Martin and Amelia Martin courtesy members of Jim Martin’s family – Jack Harris, Nancy Cameron, Stephen Chaplin.
INSIDE FRONT COVER
Photograph of Jim Martin courtesy members of Jim Martin’s family.
INSIDE BACK COVER
Memorial Scroll courtesy Australian War Memorial, Canberra.
AUTHOR PHOTOGRAPH: copyright © Sandy Spiers.
WAR MEMORIAL PLAQUE: courtesy Glenferrie Primary School, Hawthorn,Victoria. Photograph by Suzanne Wilson.
PICTURE INSERTS
The following photos are from the Australian War Memorial Photographic Collections: AWM A02740;AWM H15309; photograph of Jim Martin’s surviving possessions donated to the AWM by Jim Martin’s family – courtesy AWM;AWM J00352;AWM J00320;AWM PO858/08;AWM PO2226.022; AWM H16957;AWM H12827;AWM A00742;AWM C01477;AWM G01077;AWM H10324;AWM G01241; AWM H10291;AWM H03954.
OTHER PHOTO CREDITS
Jim’s maternal grandmother Frances smith – courtesy members of Jim Martin’s family – Jack Harris, Nancy Cameron, Stephen Chaplin.
The Tocumwal store c. 1985 – courtesy Elaine Bate and Lynne George, Tocumwal.
Forres, Mary Street, Hawthorn – courtesy Margaret Francis. Photograph by Suzanne Wilson.
Jim with his five sisters, 1915 – courtesy members of Jim Martin’s family.
Charlie and Amelia in the garden at Forres – courtesy members of Jim Martin’s family.
Men on the Southland – courtesy Elaine Bate and Lynne George, Tocumwal.
Cec Hogan – courtesy of Cec Hogan’s son, Cec Hogan.
Percy and Alice Chaplin with family – courtesy members of Jim Martin’s family.
Cec Hogan’s engraved shell – courtesy Cec Hogan’s son, Cec Hogan.
* The dates 1914–1919 as quoted are correct. Although the Armistice began on 11 November 1918, the Great War was sometimes considered not to have officially ended until the Treaty of Versailles was signed in June 1919.