________. The Man from Odessa. London: Robert Hale, 1981.
York, Herbert F. The Advisors: Oppenheimer, Teller, and the Superbomb. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1976.
Zaloga, Steven J. Target America: The Soviet Union and the Strategic Arms Race, 1945–1964. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1993.
Zubok, Vladislav, and Constantine Pleshakov. Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War: From Stalin to Khrushchev. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Documentaries and Films
Cold War Roadshow. Directed and edited by Robert Stone and Tim B. Toidze. Episode 7, Season 26, American Experience, PBS, November 18, 2014.
Command and Control. Directed by Robert Kenner. Episode 3, Season 29, American Experience, PBS, April 15, 2017.
Duck and Cover. Directed by Anthony Rizzo. Federal Civil Defense Administration, 1951. youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60.
The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara. Produced and directed by Errol Morris. Sony Pictures Classics, 2003.
JFK, pt. 2. Produced and directed by Susan Bellows. Episode 8, Season 25, American Experience, PBS, November 12, 2013.
The Man Who Saved the World. Written and produced by Nick Green. Episode 6, Season 12, Secrets of the Dead, PBS, October 23, 2012.
Operation Doorstep. Produced by Byron Inc. Federal Civil Defense Administration, 1953. youtube.com/watch?v=uIWAs_avpbY.
Race for the Superbomb. Directed by Thomas Ott. Episode 2, Season 11. American Experience, PBS, January 11, 1999.
Newspapers
Baltimore Evening Sun
Boston Globe
Charlotte (NC) Observer
Corpus Christi (TX) Times
Daily News (New York)
Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, NY)
Detroit Free Press
Guardian (Manchester, UK)
Los Angeles Times
Miami Herald
Miami News
Moscow Times
News-Press (Fort Myers, FL)
New York Times
Observer (London)
Orlando Sentinel
Reno (NV) Gazette-Journal
San Francisco Examiner
Santa Cruz (CA) Sentinel
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Tampa Times
Times (London)
Troy (NY) Record
Vancouver (BC) Sun
Wall Street Journal
Washington Post
Government Sources & Online Archives
Atomic Heritage Foundation, atomicheritage.org
Central Intelligence Agency Library, cia.gov/library
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, eisenhowerlibrary.gov
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Rudolf Abel case files
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, jfklibrary.org
Miller Center, University of Virginia, millercenter.org
NASA, “Missions A-Z,” nasa.gov/missions
National Air and Space Museum, “Space Race,” airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/space-race
National Security Archive, George Washington University, nsarchive.gwu.edu
The Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, University of Michigan Digital Library, quod.lib.umich.edu/p/ppotpus
U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, history.state.gov
U.S. Senate, “Hearings & Meetings,” senate.gov/committees/hearings_meetings.htm
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Research for this book was proceeding normally—and then 2020 happened. With all my nerdy detective travel canceled, I was even more reliant than usual on the generosity of libraries and archives. These invaluable sources are listed in the bibliography. Special thanks to Francis Gary Powers Jr., founder of the Cold War Museum in Virginia, who shared stories about his father’s experiences and even sent me a replica hollow silver dollar. I’ll show it to you sometime. Thanks to Jane Chisholm, daughter of Janet Chisholm, for sharing a few little-known details about her mother’s life as a spy in Moscow.
I’m especially grateful to Dr. Sergei Khrushchev, who generously agreed to answer my questions about those private talks he had with his father during the missile crisis. Dr. Khrushchev, who became a U.S. citizen in 1999, died in June 2020. Through his writing and lectures, he has given us insight into key moments of Cold War history that literally could not have come from anywhere else.
My single biggest thank-you is to Connie Hsu for her expert editing and overall guidance. I’ve never written so much I didn’t end up using—my file of deleted scenes is 338 pages. Seriously, I just checked. Connie knew exactly what I was going for, and helped me craft the mass of material into a story.
For their continued support, I’m very grateful to the entire team at Macmillan, including Jon Yaged, Jen Besser, and Allison Verost. Thanks to Mekisha Telfer for her edits and suggestions, and to Aurora Parlagreco and John Nora for making the book look so cool. For getting the book out in the world, thank you to Morgan Kane, Katie Quinn, Mary Van Akin, Elysse Villalobos, and Jennifer Edwards. And for their incredibly demanding (in a good way) commitment to accuracy, a huge thanks to Jen Healey and the “nonfiction A-team”—Sherri Schmidt, Janet Renard, and Susan Bishansky.
As always, a big thanks to my wonderful agent, Susan Cohen, and the team at Writers House.
And finally, of course, thank you to Rachel, Anna, and David. I’ve run out of clever ways to say it, but I could not do any of this without you.
IMAGE CREDITS
here: Photo 12/Universal Images Group via Getty Images; here: Bettmann/Bettmann via Getty Images; here: (top row, left to right) ullstein bild Dtl./ullstein bild via Getty Images, Patrick A. Burns/The New York Times/Redux, (middle row, left to right) Time Life Pictures/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, Wikimedia Commons, Associated Press, (bottom row, left to right) Alfred Eisenstaedt/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, Associated Press; here: (top row, left to right) National Archives photo no. 7865621, Wikimedia Commons, Hulton Deutsch/Corbis Historical via Getty Images, Associated Press, (bottom row, left to right) NurPhoto/NurPhoto via Getty Images, National Archives photo no. 7865563, Carl Mydans/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images; here: (both) FBI; here: US Department of Energy; here: (top) US National Archives/Science Source, (bottom) NNSA/Nevada Field Office/Science Source; here: Courtesy of the Powers family; here: National Archives photo no. 7865621; here: Underwood Archives/Archive Photos via Getty Images; here: (top row, left to right) Keystone/Hulton Archive via Getty Images, Ed Clark/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, (middle row, left to right) Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, Keystone/ Hulton Archive via Getty Images, (bottom row) Keystone/Hulton Archive via Getty Images; here: (top row, both) ullstein bild Dtl./ullstein bild via Getty Images, (middle row, left to right) Central Press/Hulton Archive via Getty Images, courtesy of the Janet Chisholm family, NASA, (bottom row, left to right) Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images, Associated Press; here: Photographer unknown/John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; here: Rolls Press/Popperfoto via Getty Images; here: Lynn Pelham/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images; here: Miguel Vinas/AFP via Getty Images; here: Rainer Lesniewski/Alamy; here: ullstein bild Dtl./ullstein bild via Getty Images; here: (top) Ralph Morse/The LIFE Premium Collection via Getty Images, (bottom) Walter Sanders/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty; here: Ralph Crane/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images; here: (top row, left to right) TASS/TASS via Getty Images, Nat Farbman/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, (middle row, left to right) United States Federal Government/Public domain/via Wikimedia Commons, PhotoQuest/Archive Photos via Getty Images, (bottom row, left to right) Associated Press, PhotoQuest/Archive Photos via Getty Images; here: (top row, left to right) courtesy of Marianna Yarovskaya, Bettmann/Bettmann via Getty Images, (middle row, left to right) Bob Gomel/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images, Hulton Archive/Staff /Hulton Archive via Getty Images, (bottom row, left to right) United States Air Force, Pho
toQuest/Archive Photos via Getty Images; here: Associated Press; here: Getty Images/Staff/Getty Images News via Getty Images; here: Bettmann/Bettmann via Getty Images; here: National Security Archive; here: Underwood Archives/Archive Photos via Getty Images; here: US National Archives, Still Pictures Branch, Record Group 428, Item 428-N-711201; here: Associated Press.
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Abel, Rudolf
belief in communism
conviction of
cover story for
Donovan as legal counsel for
flipping of, failed attempts at
Hayhanen and
imprisonment of
in prisoner trade, for Powers, Francis
recruitment of, by Soviet Union
spy trial for
Air Force, U.S. See also U-2 spy plane
B-52 bombers
early-warning systems
hydrogen bombs dropped on North Carolina by
Strategic Air Command
Aldrin, Buzz
Alekseyev, Aleksandr
Anderson, Rudolf
Area 51
Arkhipov, Vasili
Armstrong, Neil
assassination plots, by CIA
atomic bombs. See also fallout shelters; hydrogen bombs
dropped in Japan
hydrogen bombs compared to
Oppenheimer and
Soviet spies and, stolen secrets by
U.S. development of, expansion in
B-52 bombers (U.S.)
B-59 nuclear submarine (USSR)
Bahía de Cochinos. See Bay of Pigs
Baikonur Cosmodome
Batista, Fulgencio
Bay of Pigs (Bahía de Cochinos), Cuba
captured rebels from
Oliva and
political importance of, for Kennedy, John
San Román and
U.S. invasion of, failure of
in U.S. media
Beria, Lavrenty
Berlin, Germany. See also East Berlin; West Berlin
Berlin Wall
East German fortification of
escape missions under
Kennedy, John
Seidel and
Big Ivan (H-bomb)
Bikini Atoll, as hydrogen bomb testing site
Biryuzov, Sergei
Bissell, Richard
Bodies for Butter program
bombs. See fission bombs; fusion bombs; hydrogen bombs; Super
Bozart, Jimmy
Brezhnev, Leonid
Bridge of Spies (film)
Brooklyn Eagle (newspaper)
Bulik, Joe
Bundy, McGeorge
bunkers. See fallout shelters
Burke, Arleigh
Cabell, Charles
Camp David, Eisenhower, D., at
Canada
Carreras, Enrique
Castro, Fidel. See also Bay of Pigs
assassination plots against
during Cuban missile crisis
Khrushchev, Nikita, and
LeMay on
Castro, Raúl
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
assassination plots, against Castro
investigation of Powers, Francis
China
Chisholm, Janet
Chisholm, Ruari
Churchill, Winston
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency
Civil Defense Department, U.S.
Clifton, Chester
Cline, Ray
Cohen, Lona
Cohen, Morris
coins. See currency
Cold War. See also Bay of Pigs; Cuban missile crisis; East Germany; fallout shelters; West Germany
Civil Defense department during
Duck and Cover
fear of hydrogen bombs as element of
Godzilla as symbol of
Khrushchev, Nikita, and, approach to
postwar expansion as factor for
Red Scare during
space race as part of
violence during expansion of
Collins, William
communism. See also Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Abel’s belief in
American opinions on
Khrushchev, Nikita, belief in
Communist Party, in Soviet Union
Communists. See also Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
in China, establishment of
in North Korea
Russia taken over by, after World War II
compulsion to move. See zugzwang
Cooper, Gordon
cosmonauts. See also Gagarin, Yuri; Titov, Gherman
Baikonur Cosmodome
Kennedy, John, on
Korolev and
R-7 rockets
trainers for
Vostok
Cox, Eldon Ray
Cuba. See also Bay of Pigs; Castro, Fidel
Batista dictatorship in, overthrow of
economic embargo of
Executive Committee of the National Security Council and
Khrushchev, Nikita, military plan for
reconnaissance information on
Revolución newspaper
Soviet missiles in
Soviet nuclear submarines near
U-2 missions over
U.S. blockade of
U.S. exploitation of
U.S. invasion of, plans for
U.S. overflight of
Cuban missile crisis
Anderson death during
anti-aircraft missiles in U.S. during
B-59 nuclear submarine
Castro, Fidel, during
claims as political victory, for Khrushchev, Nikita
Cuba-for-Turkey trade and
foundations for
Kennedy, Bobby, during
Kennedy, John, speech on
Khrushchev, Nikita, public statement on
Kimovsk
“knot of war” and
national statements on, by political leaders
as political victory, for Kennedy, John
Soviet military preparedness during, changes to
Soviet nuclear submarines during
U-2 spy plane missions during
U.S. blockade of Cuba
U.S. public response to
USSR preparation for U.S. missile attacks
Yuri Gagarin
currency, as spyware
Daily News
The Day After (TV movie)
de Gaulle, Charles
Deterling, Harry
Dobrynin, Anatoly
Donovan, James
Dr. No (film)
Dubivko, Aleksei
Duck and Cover (film)
Dulles, Allen
East Berlin, Germany
Berlin Wall
border crossings from
Seidel, H., arrest in
Seidel, H., escape missions from
Ulbricht and
East Germany. See also Berlin
Bodies for Butter program
border crossings from
Seidel, H., trial in
Ulbricht as Soviet dictator of
Eisenhower, Dwight
at Camp David
on Castro, as political threat to U.S.
Kennedy, John, and
Khrushchev, Nikita, visit to U.S.
knowledge of assassination plots against Castro, F.
Korean War and
official statement about U-2 spy plane crash
U-2 spy plane program under
Eisenhower, Mamie
Executive Committee of the National Security Council (ExComm), U.S.
fallout shelters
bunker drills
Duck and Cover and
Mount W
eather
Project X
public service announcements about
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), U.S.
Fields, Alonzo
fission bombs. See also hydrogen bombs
“football,” nuclear war procedures and
France
at Paris Summit
Franqui, Carlos
Frisch, Otto
Fuchs, Klaus
fusion bombs
Gagarin, Anna
Gagarin, Yuri
as cosmonaut trainer
training for
Vostok
Gasa, Biuku
Germany. See also Berlin; East Germany; Nazi Germany; West Germany
Soviet Union attacked by, during World War II
Godzilla (film)
Gold, Harry
Goodpaster, Andrew
Great Britain
arrests of Soviet spies in
MI6
nuclear weapons arsenal for
at Paris Summit
Gribkov, Anatoly
Grinev, Mikhail
GRU (Soviet military intelligence agency)
The Guns of August (Tuchman)
H-bombs. See hydrogen bombs
Hayhanen, Reino
Abel and
return to Soviet Union
as spy trial witness, against Abel
television interviews by
Heyser, Richard
Hiroshima, Japan, atom bomb dropped on
Hitler, Adolf
Honda, Ishiro
Hungary
hydrogen bombs (H-bombs). See also fallout shelters; Super
Abel and
atomic bombs compared to
Big Ivan
Bikini Atoll and, as testing site
dropped on North Carolina, by U.S. Air Force
fallout shelters and
Los Alamos labs
in media
Oppenheimer and
radiation poisoning as result of
Sakharov
Soviet development of
Soviet Union use of
Teller and
Truman, H. and, research and development under
Ulam, S., and
U.S. designers of
Ilychev, Leonid
Iron Curtain. See also Berlin Wall; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Israel, nuclear weapons arsenal for
Ivanov, Semyon
Ivanovich, Ivan
Ivanovsky, Oleg
Jacob, Richard
Jercha, Heinz
Johnson, Lyndon
K-19 (Soviet nuclear submarine)
Kennedy, Bobby
during Cuban missile crisis
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