Voyagers of the Titanic: Passengers, Sailors, Shipbuilders, Aristocrats, and the Worlds They Came From

by Richard Davenport-Hines

  12. Frank Millet to Alfred Parsons, April 11, 1912, http://www.encyclopaedia-titanica.org/letter-to-his-old-friend-alfred-parsons.html (accessed June 9, 2010).

  13. R. A. Fletcher, Travelling Palaces (1913), 255.

  14. “Floating Lobster Palaces,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 21, 1912, 8.

  Chapter 5: Sailors

  1. Sir Arthur Rostron, Home from the Sea (1931), 8–9.

  2. Charles Herbert Lightoller, Titanic and Other Ships (1935), 91–92.

  3. Sir James Bisset, Tramps and Ladies (1959), 1–2.

  4. Ibid., 9.

  5. Lightoller, Titanic, 12–13.

  6. Ibid., 36.

  7. “The Policing of Disaster,” Spectator, March 23, 1912, 468.

  8. R. A. Fletcher, Travelling Palaces (1913), 242.

  9. Rostron, Home, 32–33.

  10. Lightoller, Titanic, 206–7.

  11. Rudyard Kipling, “The Long Trail” (1891).

  Chapter 6: First Class

  1. Daisy, Princess of Pless, From My Private Diary (1931), 277; Ulrik Langen, “The Meaning of Incognito,” Court Historian (2002), 7:145–55.

  2. Washington Irving, Astoria, or Anecdotes of an Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains (1976 ed.), 12.

  3. Edith Wharton, The Custom of the Country (1913), chapter 45.

  4. Lady Decies, King Lehr and the Gilded Age (1935), 167.

  5. Rollin Van D. Hadley, ed., The Letters of Bernard Berenson and Isabella Stewart Gardner, 1887–1924 (1987), 450, 458.

  6. R. W. B. Lewis and Nancy Lewis, eds., Letters of Edith Wharton (1988), 312–13.

  7. Henry James, The Golden Bowl (1904), book I, chapter 7.

  8. “Panniers Reign Supreme in Paris Fashion World,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 21, 1912, Sunday supplement, 3.

  9. Lady Duff Gordon, Discretions and Indiscretions (1932), 191.

  10. Violet Jessop, Titanic Survivor (1997), 106–7.

  11. Nick Barratt, Lost Voices from the Titanic (2009), 99.

  12. Edward A. Steiner, On the Trail of the Immigrant (1906), 360–62.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 79–80.

  15. Jessop, Titanic Survivor, 103–4.

  16. Harvey O’Connor, The Astors (1941), 277.

  17. Diary of Jean, Lady Hamilton, February 14, 1914, Liddell Hart Centre, Kings College, London.

  18. Decies, King Lehr, 149–50.

  19. Emily Post, Etiquette (1922), 598–99.

  20. Kristen Iversen, Molly Brown (1999), 107.

  21. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 151.

  22. Barratt, Lost Voices, 99.

  23. Steiner, On the Trail, 136.

  24. “1,500 Perish When Titanic Goes to Bottom,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 16, 1912, 1.

  25. Hadley, Letters of Bernard Berenson, 504–5.

  26. Edith Wharton, “The Marne” (1918), in Collected Stories 1911–1937 (2001), 261–62.

  27. Arthur Freeman, “Harry Widener’s Last Books,” Bookseller 26 (1977): 174, 182.

  28. “Insurance at Lloyd’s: Mrs. Widener’s Pearls,” Daily Telegraph, April 18, 1912, 14.

  29. Frank Millet to Alfred Parsons, April 11, 1912, http://www.encyclopaedia-titanica.org/letter-to-his-old-friend-alfred-parsons.html (accessed June 9, 2010).

  30. Leon Edel, ed., Henry James: Letters (1984), 4:613.

  31. Archibald W. Butt, Taft and Roosevelt (1930), 2:848

  32. “Major Butt’s Suit a Wonder,” New York Times, March 3, 1912.

  33. Butt, Taft and Roosevelt, 2:528–29.

  34. Ibid., 833.

  35. Ibid., 823.

  36. Ibid., 653.

  37. Ibid., 468–69.

  38. Ibid., 573–77, 805–7.

  39. W. T. Stead, testimony to Royal Commission on Divorce, December 21, 1910, Q 43403.

  40. G. K. Chesterton, Illustrated London News, April 27, 1912.

  41. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 14.

  42. Ibid., 16.

  43. Ibid., 59.

  44. Ibid., 69.

  45. Ibid., 71.

  46. Ibid., 44–45.

  47. Ibid., 124–25.

  48. Ibid., 137.

  49. Ibid., 188–89.

  50. Ibid., 78.

  51. Barratt, Lost Voices, 148.

  52. Diary of Earl Winterton, October 2 and 3, 1912, Winterton Papers 11, Bodleian Library, Oxford.

  53. Washington Dodge, The Loss of the Titanic (1912), 4; John Eaton and Charles Haas, Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy (1995), 114; Geoffrey Marcus, The Maiden Voyage (1969), 66–67.

  54. Archibald Gracie, The Truth About the Titanic (1913), 5.

  55. Millet to Parsons.

  56. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 148–49.

  57. Mahala Douglas, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 15.

  58. Ford Madox Ford, A History of Our Own Times (1989), 50.

  59. “Great Cobar Examined,” Times (London), October 1, 1909, 13d.

  60. Hugh Woolner, bankruptcy statement, July 16, 1909, NA BT 226/2749; Robert Sumner-Jones, bankruptcy examination, October 27, 1909, NA BT 226/2844.

  61. Will dated January 30, 1912, proved July 4, 1917, in Probate Registry; “High Court of Justice,” Times (London), March 2, 1917, 2e.

  62. “Notables Crowd Decks of Titanic,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 16, 1912, 2.

  63. Post, Etiquette, 601–2.

  64. Dawn Powell, A Time to Be Born (1942), in Novels 1930–1942 (2001), 774, 856.

  65. “Titanic’s Sinking Comes as Shock to Philadelphia,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 16, 1912, 3.

  66. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 148–49.

  67. Post, Etiquette, 603.

  68. John B. Thayer, The Sinking of the SS Titanic (1940), 334.

  Chapter 7: Second Class

  1. Theodore Dreiser, A Traveler at Forty (1914), 80–81.

  2. “From West Country,” Western Morning News, April 18, 1912.

  3. Robert Louis Stevenson, From Scotland to Silverado (1966), 4.

  4. Arnold Bennett, The Journals of Arnold Bennett 1911–1921 (1932), 2:12, 14.

  5. R. A. Fletcher, Travelling Palaces (1913), 165.

  6. Ibid., 164.

  7. Berk Trembisky, alias Picard, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 14.

  8. Stevenson, “Steerage Scenes,” Amateur Emigrant, in From Scotland to Silverado, 27–28.

  9. “Mr. Denzil Jarvis,” Leicester Daily Post, April 17, 1912, 5; “Leicester Men on the Titanic,” Leicester Advertiser, April 20, 1912, 6.

  10. W. Somerset Maugham, A Writer’s Notebook (1949), 177–78, 296.

  11. Violet Jessop, Titanic Survivor (1997), 90–92.

  12. Imanita Shelley, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 18.

  13. Nick Barratt, Lost Voices from the Titanic (2009), 102.

  14. Sir Bertram Hayes, Hull Down (1925), 70.

  15. Donald Hyslop, Alastair Forsyth, and Sheila Jemima, eds., Titanic Voices (1997), 113.

  16. Ibid., 114–15.

  17. Ibid., 116.

  18. Dreiser, Traveler at Forty, 520.

  19. Lawrence Beesley, The Loss of the SS Titanic (1912), 28, 32.

  20. Hyslop, Forsyth, and Jemima, Titanic Voices, 132–33.

  21. “Local Titanic Passenger,” Epping Gazette, April 20, 1912, 4.

  22. Henry Walker, East London: Sketches of Christian Work and Workers (1896), 17–18, 24.

  23. “Obituary,” Oxford Magazine 30 (May 2, 1912), 7.

  24. “The Rev. E. C. and Mrs. Carter,” Times (London), April 20, 1912, 11.

  25. Sarah Orne Jewett, “A Dunnett Shepherdess,” in Novels and Stories (1994), 520.

  26. Jewett, “The Queen’s Twin,” in Novels and Stories, 493.

  27. Robert Bracken, “Searching for Kirkland” (February 15, 2006), http://www

  .encyclopaedia-titanica.org (accessed June 14, 2010).

  28. Hilary Spurling, Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China (2010), 20.

  29. “Berks County Woman Died on the Titanic,” Philadelphia Inquirer,
April 20, 1912, 5.

  30. “A qui sont les deux bébés francais sauvé du Titanic?,” Le Matin, April 24, 1912, 1.

  31. “Liverpool Men’s Fate,” Liverpool Daily Post, April 17, 1912, 7; “Liverpool Titanic Victim,” Liverpool Daily Post, May 4, 1912, 9.

  32. “The Guernsey Passengers,” Guernsey Weekly Press, April 20, 1912, 4.

  33. Sid Blake, “The Titanic Disaster,” Cornishman, May 2, 1912, 4, duplicated in Hayle Mail, May 2, 1912, 5.

  34. “Titanic,” Western Morning News, April 17, 1912, 1, 3.

  35. I am indebted in this section to Arthur Cecil Todd’s delightful The Cornish Miner in America (1967), 12

  36. “Loss of the Titanic,” St. Ives Times, April 19, 1912, 8.

  37. Arthur Salmon, The Cornwall Coast (1910), 138.

  38. “Wreck of the Titanic,” Cornubian, April 18, 1912.

  39. Barratt, Lost Voices, 145.

  Chapter 8: Third Class

  1. Edward A. Steiner, On the Trail of the Immigrant (1906), 198.

  2. Sir Arthur Rostron, Home from Sea (1931), 47–48.

  3. R. A. Fletcher, Travelling Palaces (1913), 275.

  4. Senate, Immigration Commission Reports on Emigration Conditions in Europe and Steerage Conditions, 61st Congress, 3rd Session, S. Docs. 748, 753, 758.

  5. Willa Cather, O Pioneers! (1913), part 2, chapter 3, in Early Novels and Stories (Library of America, 1987), 188.

  6. Stephen Graham, With Poor Immigrants to America (1914), 14.

  7. Frank Goldsmith, Echoes in the Night (Titanic Historical Society, 1991), 37, 39.

  8. Ibid., 42, 50.

  9. Sinclair Lewis, Dodsworth (1929), 45.

  10. Arnold Bennett, The Journals of Arnold Bennett 1911–1921 (1932), 2:13.

  11. Graham, With Poor Immigrants, 15.

  12. Daniel Allen Butler, “Unsinkable”—The Full Story of RMS Titanic (1998), 202.

  13. Gertrude Bell, The Desert and the Sown (1907), 162–63.

  14. John Kelman, From Damascus to Palmyra (1908), 28–29.

  15. “On the Ship That Never Came Home: The Story of How Fifteen Girls and Boys from the West of Ireland Started for America on the Titanic, and How Two of Them Arrived,” Irish Independent, May 9, 1912, 3.

  16. British Naval Intelligence Division, A Handbook of Bulgaria (1920), 80.

  17. Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill, Like Our Mountains: A History of Armenians in Canada (2005), 3, 5–6, 21–22.

  18. See Robert Mirak, Torn Between Two Lands: Armenians in America, 1890 to World War I (1983).

  19. Kaprielian-Churchill, Like Our Mountains, 48, 58, 61.

  20. Carl Sandburg, Always the Young Strangers (1953), 77.

  Chapter 9: Officers and Crew

  1. William Lucas, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 3, Q 1768.

  2. Charles Herbert Lightoller, Titanic and Other Ships (1935), 219.

  3. Alan Scarth, Titanic and Liverpool (2009), 71.

  4. Donald Hyslop, Alastair Forsyth, and Sheila Jemima, eds., Titanic Voices (1997), 112.

  5. Ibid., 114.

  6. Ibid., 115.

  7. Scarth, Titanic and Liverpool, 69.

  8. Daniel Allen Butler, “Unsinkable”—The Full Story of RMS Titanic (1998), 48.

  9. Stephanie Barczewski, Titanic: A Night Remembered (2004), 164.

  10. Lightoller, Titanic, 214.

  11. C. Andrews, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 7.

  12. George Cavell, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 5, Q 4421.

  13. Arnold Bennett, The Journals of Arnold Bennett 1911–1921 (1932), 2:16.

  14. Terry Coleman, The Liners (1976), 58; George Garrett and Michael Murphy, eds., The Collected George Garrett (1999), 172–74.

  15. Sir James Bisset, Tramps and Ladies (1959), 206–7.

  16. Garrett and Murphy, Collected George Garrett, 170–71.

  17. R. A. Fletcher, Travelling Palaces (1913), 108.

  18. Terri Colpi, The Italian Factor (1991), 58–59.

  19. Theodore Dreiser, A Traveler at Forty (1914), 32–35, 518.

  20. Coleman, Liners, 214–15.

  21. Violet Jessop, Titanic Survivor (1997), 92.

  22. Ibid., 111.

  23. Evelyn Waugh, Waugh Abroad (2003), 38.

  24. Hyslop, Forsyth, and Jemima, Titanic Voices, 112.

  25. Ibid., 115.

  26. Ian Jack, The Country Formerly Known as Great Britain (2009), 117.

  27. Jessop, Titanic Survivor, 112.

  28. Ibid., 117.

  29. Lawrence Beesley, The Loss of SS Titanic (1912), 37.

  30. Jessop, Titanic Survivor, 123–24.

  31. George Rowe, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 15, Q 17584.

  32. Lightoller, Titanic, 224–25.

  Chapter 10: Collision

  1. John Poingdestre, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 4, QQ 2780, 2786.

  2. Archibald Gracie, The Truth About the Titanic (1913), 250–51.

  3. Mrs. J. Stuart White, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 12.

  4. Archie Jewell, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 1, Q 18.

  5. James Johnson, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 4, QQ 3360, 3363.

  6. Herbert Pitman, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 4; testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 13, Q 14932.

  7. George Symons, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 10, Q 11347.

  8. William Lucas, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 3, QQ 1399, 1417–18, 1434–35, 1809–10.

  9. George Beauchamp, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 3, Q 662.

  10. George Cavell, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 5, Q 4201–2.

  11. Emily Ryerson, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 16.

  12. Poingdestre, Mersey inquiry, Q 2829.

  13. Lady Duff Gordon, Discretions and Indiscretions, 147.

  14. “Heard Death Chorus for Over an Hour,” New York Times, April 20, 1912.

  15. Hugh Woolner, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 10.

  16. Lawrence Beesley, The Loss of SS Titanic (1912), 38–39.

  17. “Sticks to Titanic Till Last Minute: Young Englishman Reaches Cleveland,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 26, 1912, 1.

  18. “Mrs. E. W. Bucknell Says Carelessness Cost Many Lives,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 20, 1912, 2.

  19. White, Senate inquiry.

  20. George Harder, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 13.

  21. Norman Chambers, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 13.

  22. Charles Herbert Lightoller, Titanic and Other Ships (1935), 229.

  23. Ibid., 235.

  24. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 152–53.

  25. Olaus Abelseth, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 13.

  26. Arthur Peuchen, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 4.

  27. Henry Stengel, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 11.

  28. Martha Stephenson and Elizabeth Eustis, “The Titanic: Our Story” (1912), www

  .encyclopaedia-titanica.org/the-titanic-our-story-eustis-stephenson.html.

  29. Gracie, Truth About Titanic, 126.

  30. “Mrs. E. W. Bucknell,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 2.

  31. A. S. W. Rosenbach, A Catalogue of the Books and Manuscripts of Robert Louis Stevenson in the Library of the late Harry Elkins Widener (1913), 9.

  32. “Wreck of the Titanic—Graphic Story of Mrs. Davies,” St. Ives Times, May 10, 1912, 4.

  33. John Hardy, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 7.

  34. Imanita Shelley, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 18.

  35. Berk Trembisky, alias Picard, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 14.

  36. Daniel Buckley, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 13.

  37. Poingdestre, Mersey inquiry, Q 2960.

  38. C. H. Lightoller, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 1.

  39. “Titanic Disaster,” Cornishman, May 2, 1912, 1.

  40. Lucas, Mersey inquiry, QQ 1502–3.

  41. Frank Millet to Alfred Parsons, April 11, 1912, http://www.encyclopaedia-titanica.org/letter-to-his-
old-friend-alfred-parsons.html (accessed June 9, 2010).

  42. Earl Cowper to Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, March 25, 1901, PRONI D1071/H/B/C/655/10.

  43. Woolner, Senate inquiry.

  44. Elizabeth Shutes, “When the ‘Titanic’ Went Down,” in Gracie, Truth About Titanic, 253.

  45. Charles Joughin, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 6, Q 5961–62, 5966.

  46. Walter Lord, A Night to Remember (1976), 97.

  47. Poingdestre, Mersey inquiry, QQ 2887–2901.

  48. Trembisky, Senate inquiry.

  49. John Hart, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 9, QQ 9886–87.

  50. Ibid., Q 9921.

  51. Ibid., QQ 9924–25.

  52. Ibid., Q 10076.

  53. http://www.encyclopaedia-titanica.org/titanic-survivor/august-wennerstrom

  .html (accessed June 9, 2010).

  54. Le Matin, April 19, 1912; “Frenchmen’s Account: Passengers’ Faith in the Ship,” Times (London), April 20, 1912.

  55. “Mr. and Mrs. Bishop Give First Authentic Interview Concerning Titanic Disaster,” Dowagiac Daily News, April 20, 1912.

  56. “Bishops Arrive Home and Relate Many Things About Titanic,” Dowagiac Daily News, May 10, 1912.

  57. James McGough, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 18.

  58. “Lifeboat Not Filled, Karl Behr Declares,” Newark Evening News, April 20, 1912.

  59. “Dread of Lifeboats by Passengers Told,” Chicago Evening Post, April 23, 1912.

  60. Eloise Smith, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 18.

  61. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 155.

  62. White, Senate inquiry.

  63. “Mrs. E. W. Bucknell,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 2.

  64. Joughin, Mersey inquiry, Q 5952.

  65. Woolner, Senate inquiry.

  66. John Eaton and Charles Haas, Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy (1986), 152.

  67. “Tribute to Straus Paid in Synagogues,” New York Times, April 21 1912.

  68. Daniel Allen Butler, “Unsinkable”—The Full Story of RMS Titanic (1998), 123.

  69. Joseph Scarrott, testimony to Lord Mersey inquiry, day 2, QQ 383, 386.

  70. Donald Hyslop, Alastair Forsyth, and Sheila Jemima, eds., Titanic Voices (1997), 135.

  71. Ibid., 135–36.

  72. Harold Lowe, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 5.

  73. “Irish Survivor’s Experience,” Cork Examiner, May 6, 1912, 5.

  74. Buckley, Senate inquiry.

  75. “On the Ship That Never Came Home: The Story of How Fifteen Girls and Boys from the West of Ireland Started for America on the Titanic, and How Two of Them Arrived,” Irish Independent, May 9, 1912, 3.