Voyagers of the Titanic: Passengers, Sailors, Shipbuilders, Aristocrats, and the Worlds They Came From
Page 35
Simpson, John, 127
Sincock, Maud “Maudie,” 151–52
Sirayanian, Orsen, 177
Sivic, Husein, 157
Sjöstedt, Ernst, 124
Skoog, Anna, 164
Skoog, William, 164
Slade, Alfred, 18–19
Slade, Bertram, 18–19
Slade, Tom, 18–19
Sloper, William, 225
Smith, Bertha Barnes, 111–12
Smith, Edward (Captain): activities as captain of, 188; admiration for, 188; Astors’ conversations with, 217; and blame for sinking of Titanic, 265, 297; and cause of sinking of Titanic, 296–97; concerns about weather conditions of, 206; damage inspection tour by, 208–9, 214; death of, 246–47; and hierarchy of Titanic command, 184; and impact of Titanic hitting iceberg, 208; and instructions to row to Californian, 253, 254; as legend, 291; lifeboat orders of, 209–10, 220, 227, 239, 253, 254; Mersey investigation and, 297; and passenger grievances, 127; personal and professional background of, 186–87; personality of, 187, 256; rebuking of crew members by, 230; retirement plans of, 187; salary of, 187; social class issues and, 222; speed of Titanic and, 200–201, 265, 266; stories of survivors about, 295; testing of Titanic by, 188; U.S. Senate inquiry and, 294; warnings about weather conditions and, 200, 201–2, 297; at Widener party, 118, 202, 206
Smith, Eloise, 206, 210, 227–28, 255
Smith, James Clinch, 111–12, 245
Smith, Lucien P., 86, 210, 227–28
Smith, William Alden, 293–96
Snyder, John P., 86, 224–25
Sobey, Samuel, 152
social class/race issues: appearance and, 17–18; and blacks on ocean liners, 129; contempt and, 29–30; demarcation/stratification among passengers and, 10–12, 83–86, 88, 91, 122–23; design of liners and, 61; Eastern/Middle Europeans and, 157–59; Franklin press statements and, 262; immigrants/migrants and, 29–31; inquiries into sinking of Titanic and, 296; lifeboat tensions and, 254–56; money as differentiation in, 10–12; Oceana collision and, 67; recovery of bodies and, 298; rescues from Titanic collision and, 243; speed and, 27–29; survivors and, 290–91; Titanic deaths and, 290–91; Titanic as metaphor for, 10; and Titanic sinking as vindication of heroism of Anglo-Saxons, 280; U.S. immigration laws and, 11; White Star Line and, 12, 38, 40, 41; and “women and children first,” 280. See also first-class passengers; second-class passengers; third-class passengers
Soholt, Peter, 165, 214, 238, 256
South African War, 39, 277
Southampton Dock Company, 12
Southampton, England: German steamships at, 13; as port, 9; reaction to sinking of Titanic in, 270–72, 293; Titanic departure from, 20–21, 136, 137; Titanic passengers boarding at, 17–19; unions in, 14; as White Star port, 12–14, 33
Southern Daily Echo, 270
speed: beauty of, 26–27; cars and, 28–29; criticisms of craze for, 279–80; design of liners and, 53; of German liners, 40, 279; idealization of, 27; McCumber comments about, 279; risks of, 67–68; social class and, 27–29; of Titanic, 188, 200–201, 202, 206–7, 212, 265, 294, 296, 297; U.S. Senate inquiry about, 294; White Star competition and, 53. See also Blue Riband
Spithead Naval Review (1897), 39
Stagg, Jack, 195
Stankovic, Ivan, 181
Stanley, Amy, 169
Star Hotel (Brooklyn, New York), 148
Stead, W. T., 36, 102–4, 278, 292
Steiner, Edward, 10–11, 80–81, 82–83
Stengel, Annie, 214, 231, 300
Stengel, Henry, 81, 214, 229, 231, 257, 294, 307
Stephenson, Martha, 215, 240
Stevenson, Nelle, 86
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 122, 123
stewards/stewardesses: accommodations for, 196–97; Americans as, 192–93; characteristics of, 194; and initial reactions to collision, 207, 211, 215, 216; loading of lifeboats and, 222–23; recovery of body of, 301; salary of, 195; tips for, 125, 195–96; as Titanic crew members, 184–85, 191–97; working conditions for, 194. See also specific person
Stewart, Alexander, 111
stowaway: on Titanic, 227, 235–36
Stoytchev, Ilia, 175
Straus, Ida, 80, 91, 108, 231–32, 291
Straus, Isidor, 91, 92, 108, 231–33, 270–71, 292, 300
Sunderland, Victor, 211–12, 250
survivors: and attention-seeking imposters, 275; on Carpathia, 281–86; children as, 290; crew members as, 290–91; deaths of, 303–6; first-class passengers as, 290; from lifeboats, 250; memories/remorse of, 304–5; men as, 250, 290–91; posting of names of, 273–74; public treatment of, 302–3; second-class passengers as, 290; social class/race issues and, 290–91; stories recounted by, 291–93, 301; third-class passengers as, 290; women as, 290–91. See also specific person
Sutherland, Duchess of, 55, 109
Sutherland, Duke of, 55
Svenson, Johan, 236
Svevo, Italo, 73
Symons, George, 207
Syrian-American Club, 276
Syrians: as passengers on Titanic, 24, 278
Taft, William, 99, 101, 103, 266–67, 269, 293
Talbot, Edward, 293
telephones: on Titanic, 27, 196
Temple, Lucinda “Lutie.” See Parrish, Lucinda Temple “Lutie”
Tener, John, 100
Tenglin, Gunnar, 178
Teutonic (White Star liner), 32–33, 38, 39
Thaw, Harry, 112
Thayer, John Borland, 92, 118, 215, 223–24, 239, 240, 241, 245, 268, 300
Thayer, John Borland Jr. “Jack” (son), 92, 119, 146, 245–46, 250, 252, 265, 268, 300
Thayer, Marion, 92, 118, 201, 239, 254, 258, 265, 268, 287, 300, 304
Theobald, Thomas, 163, 238, 283
third-class passengers, 155–81; activities for, 167; amenities/comforts for, 155–56, 159–60, 169; cabins for, 155–56; collision and, 211–12, 222–23; deaths of, 290; demarcation between second and, 122, 123; dress of, 169–70; Eastern/Middle Europeans as, 157–59, 170–72, 175–79, 237, 286; immigrants/migrants as, 157–59, 162–66, 168–81, 237, 286; initial reactions to collision by, 213–14; inquiries into sinking of Titanic and, 296; loading and launching of lifeboats and, 233, 243–44; national origin of, 156–57; number of, 156–57; reactions to sinking of Titanic by families of, 276–77, 278; recovery of bodies of, 298; rescue of, 258; stewards assigned to, 185; as survivors, 290; survivors’ lists and, 273. See also specific person
Thorne, George. See Rosenshine, George
Thorne, Maybelle, 90, 242
tickets, cost of: for first-class passengers, 24, 79, 116, 312; monetary values and, 312; for second-class passengers, 24, 126, 130, 134, 139, 143, 144, 146, 147, 152; for third-class passengers, 23–24, 166, 180
A Time to Be Born (Powell), 116
tips: for crew members, 125, 195–96, 229–30; and rescue from collision, 229–30
Titanic (film), 10
Titanic (White Star liner): amenities/comforts on, 21, 24–26, 27, 59, 60–61, 108–19, 128, 134–36, 196, 210, 262; anniversaries of sinking of, 303–4; baggage and freight on, 14–16, 31; “black gang” of, 18–19; blame for sinking of, 265–66; British Board of Trade/Mersey inquiry into loss of, 59, 296, 297, 302; building of, 26, 33, 34, 47, 49, 53; cause of sinking of, 296–97; collision with iceberg of, 205–58; confirmation of sinking of, 198; damages to, 208–9; design of, 55–56, 59, 60–62; distress transmission/rockets from, 209–10, 228, 230–31, 233, 236, 261, 296; European reactions to sinking of, 262–64, 269–72, 277–79, 280, 288–90, 291–92, 293; as expression of racial supremacy, 12; filming of documentary about maiden voyage of, 136; first-class passengers on, 73–119; last survivor of, 164, 231; legacy of, 297; lifeboats on, 57–59, 188, 219–40; lookouts on, 184, 202, 206, 296; as mail carrier, 200, 297; menus on, 25–26, 117–18, 132, 160, 169; as metaphor for Western society, 10; number of passengers on, 18, 31, 57–58; officers/sailors on, 63–69, 182–202; ownership of, 34, 49; passenger grievances against, 126–28
; political scandals associated with, 198
Traffic (Cherbourg tender), 22
Train Transatlantique (French train), 22
Travelling Palaces magazine, 67–68
Trembisky, Berk, 179–80, 218, 222
Trengrouse, Henry, 152
Trevaskis, Abednego, 149, 274
trimmers, 189–91
Troutt, Edwina “Winnie,” 130, 300, 305
Tucker, Gilbert, 225
Turcin, Stefan, 181
“Turkey Trot” party, 109
Umbria (Cunard ship), 68
unions, labor, 14, 51–52
United States: British rivalry with, 48, 102, 280, 296; early reactions to sinking of Titanic in, 266–69, 274–77. See also New York City; Senate, U.S.; specific person or topic
United States Line, 193
Valéry, Paul, 120
Vanderbilt, George, 75, 81, 277
Vanderbilt, William K. II, 28–29, 84
Vartanian, David, 177–78, 236
Vaterland (Hamburg-Amerika ship), 33
Veale, James, 152–53, 262
Verne, Jules, 306
Victoria (British battleship), 251
Victoria (queen of England), 40
Virginian (Allen ship), 261, 262
Wallace, James, 105
Wallace, Lucy, 104, 105. See also Duff Gordon, Lady Lucy
Wallach, Samuel, 283
Washington Herald, 267
Waugh, Evelyn, 113, 194
weather warnings: sent to Titanic, 200–202, 297
Webber, Susan “Susie,” 130
Weir, John, 75
Weisz, Leopold, 144
Weisz, Mathilde, 154
Wells, Addie, 149, 233, 288
Wells, Arthur, 149, 233, 274
Wells, H. G., 9
Wennerström, August, 178, 224, 248
West, Ada, 231
West, Arthur, 231
Western Morning News, 271
Whabee, George, 166
Whabee, Thomas, 166
Wharton, Edith, 30, 68, 74, 77, 95–96
Wheaton, Homer, 285
Wheeler, Frederick, 75
White, Ella, 85, 206, 212, 230, 254–55
White, Stanford, 112
White Star Line: amenities/comforts on ships of, 122; competition for, 13, 38, 39–41, 53, 122, 128; concerned family members at offices of, 264, 269, 271–72, 273–74, 276–77, 286; design of ships in, 37–38, 53; expansion of, 37–38; Harland & Wolff relationship with, 37, 38, 46, 49, 57; IMM and, 36, 46–48, 49; Ismay (Bruce) as chairman of, 48; Ismay family history with, 37; and Ismay Olympic class proposal, 33–34; Jessop criticisms of, 194; L&SWR relationship with, 13; lifeboat drills on liners of, 188; lifeboat provisions for ships in, 59; Morgan buying/control of, 17, 36, 46, 91; Morgan collections and, 16; and New York arrival of Olympic, 54; passenger grievances against, 126–28; Pirrie as director of, 46; search for bodies by, 297–99; size and comfort of liners of, 37–38, 41; social class/race issues and, 12, 38, 40, 41, 61, 157; Southampton as port for, 12–14; in Wharton novels, 74. See also specific person or ship
Wick, George, 285–86
Wick, Mary Hitchcock, 286
Wick, Natalie, 286
Widener, Eleanor, 79, 118, 119, 202, 206, 216, 239, 258, 268, 269, 287
Widener, George: collections of, 95; and collision of Titanic with iceberg, 214, 216; death of, 268–69, 287; dinner party of, 118, 119, 202, 206; dress of, 118; and loading and launching of lifeboats, 224, 241, 245; Paris trip of, 79; and property claims of Widener family, 300; social class issues and, 118
Widener, George Jr., 269
Widener, Harry, 95, 96–97, 210, 216, 268–69, 287
Widener, Joseph, 95, 269
Widener, Peter, 95, 268–69, 287
Wilde, Henry (Titanic officer), 183, 222, 265
Wilde, Oscar, 102, 104
Wilkinson, Lizzie, 146
Wilks, Ellen, 288
Williams, Richard, 215
Wilson Line, 178, 183
Winchester, Lord, 293
Winterton, Lord, 54–55, 109, 278
Witt, Harry, 19
Witter, James, 154
Wolff, Gustav, 35
women: as lifeboat rowers, 254–55; and men as squires of women traveling alone, 221–22; as survivors, 290–91. See also “women and children first”; specific person
“women and children first”: Franklin’s media statements about, 262; in lifeboats, 220, 223, 224, 227–28, 230, 231, 233, 235, 236–37, 239, 240–41, 243, 253–55, 262, 263, 280–81
Woolner, Christopher, 114
Woolner, Hugh, 111, 112–15, 211, 221, 231–32, 239, 243–45, 257
Wright, Marion, 128, 139
Young, Marie, 206, 221
Youssef, Gerios, 171–72
Yrois, Henriette, 136
Zakarian, Mapriedereder, 176
Zakarian, Ortin, 176
Zola, Émile, 22–23
About the Author
RICHARD DAVENPORT-HINES is the acclaimed biographer of W. H. Auden and the Macmillan dynasty. He is also the author of Proust at the Majestic: The Last Days of the Author Whose Book Changed Paris and The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Global History of Narcotics. He is a regular contributor to the U.K. publications Literary Review, the Sunday Telegraph, the Spectator, and the Times Literary Supplement.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins authors.
Also by Richard Davenport-Hines
Dudley Docker
Sex, Death and Punishment
The Macmillans
Glaxo
Vice
Auden
Gothic
The Pursuit of Oblivion
Proust at the Majestic
Ettie
(Edited) Hugh Trevor-Roper’s Letters from Oxford
(Edited) Hugh Trevor-Roper’s War Journals
Credits
Cover photograph © by Ralph White/Corbis
Copyright
VOYAGERS OF THE TITANIC. Copyright © 2012 by Richard Davenport-Hines. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
FIRST EDITION
ISBN 978-0-06-187684-4
EPub Edition March 2012 ISBN: 9780062100719
12 13 14 15 16 OV/RRD 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Publisher
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Footnotes
*When Harland & Wolff agreed in the 1950s to build the liner Canberra for P&O Cruises on a fixed-price contract, it took a certain step toward insolvency. The shipyard survived on British government subsidies from the 1960s unt
il 1977, when it was nationalized and incorporated into British Shipbuilders; it was privatized in 1989.
*Harper’s Pekingese, the Rothschilds’ Pomeranian, and the Hays’s Pomeranian all escaped in lifeboats.
*“Italian” was the epithet applied promiscuously to any man who was thought to have lacked pluck or self-control. Charlotte Collyer described the man from third class beaten up by men from second class as “Italian,” although he is unlikely to have been a subject of King Victor Emmanuel III. The Italian ambassador in Washington protested about the pejorative inaccuracy with which his nationality was bandied about.
Table of Contents
Dedication
Prologue: From Greenland’s Icy Mountains
Part I: On Land
1. Boarding
2. Speed
3. Shipowners
4. Shipbuilders
5. Sailors
Part II: At Sea
6. First Class
7. Second Class
8. Third Class
9. Officers and Crew
Photos
Part III: Life and Death
10. Collision
11. The Meaning Shows in the Defeated Thing
Acknowledgments
Statement on Monetary Values
Notes
Index
About the Author
Also by Richard Davenport-Hines
Credits
Copyright
About the Publisher
Footnotes