Great Negotiations
Page 24
18 Raymond Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun: The Russians and Japanese at Portsmouth in 1905 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1988), 3.
19 Sterling Fishman, Sergius Witte and His Part in the Portsmouth Peace Conference (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1953), 19.
20 Alfred Emanuel Smith, New Outlook (Outlook Publishing, 1915), 675.
21 Raymond Esthus, “Nicholas II and the Russo-Japanese War.” Russian Review, vol. 40, no. 4 (Oct., 1981), 5.
22 The Outlook, July 22, 1905, 718.
23 Lancelot Lawton, Empires of the Far East (London: G. Richards, 1912), 247.
24 Roosevelt to Meyer, July 7, 1905, in Roosevelt, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 4, 1262. The chief legal counsel to the Japanese delegation was an American, Henry Willard Denison, who although a foreigner had been a senior advisor to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs for many years, and served as a rusted expert on international law.
25 Tokyo Asahi Shimbun, July 9, 1905.
26 Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun, 59.
27 Witte (Harcave), Memoirs of Count Witte, 431.
28 V. N. Kokovtsov, Out of My Past (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1935), 55; also Trani, Treaty of Portsmouth, 112; also Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun, 61.
29 George Smalley, Anglo-American Memories (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1911), 362.
30 Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage (New York: Rugged Land, 2004), 183.
31 J. J. Korostovetz, Diary of Korostovetz: Pre-War Diplomacy, the Russo-Japanese Problem (London: British Periodicals, 1920), 44.
32 Witte (Harcave), Memoirs of Count Witte, 439.
33 Korostovetz, Pre-War Diplomacy, 51.
34 Kajima, Diplomacy of Japan, 242.
35 Ibid., 245.
36 Ibid.
37 Korostovetz, Pre-War Diplomacy, 67.
38 New York Times, August 12, 1905.
39 Kajima, Diplomacy of Japan, 276.
40 Ibid.
41 Harold William Vazeille Temperley and George Peabody Gooch, Documents on the Origins of the War, 1898-1914: The Anglo-Russian Rapprochement, 1903-07 (London: Foreign Office, 1938), 97; also Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun, 108.
42 Howard Beale, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1956), 296.
43 Roosevelt to John St. Loe Strachey, July 17, 1905, in Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, 401.
44 Kajima, Diplomacy of Japan, 325-326.
45 Roosevelt to Kaneko, August 22, 1905, in Roosevelt, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 4, 1308.
46 Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt, 407; also Sergei Witte, Memoirs of Count Witte ed. and trans. Abraham Yarmolinsky (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page, 1921), 157; also Tyler Dennett, Roosevelt and the Russo-Japanese War City, NY: Doubleday, Page, 1925), 269.
47 Henry Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1931), 271; also Jules Jusserand, What Me Befell (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1933), 304; also, Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 304.
48 Temperley, British Documents, 106; also Roosevelt, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 4, 4; also Dennett, Roosevelt and the Russo-Japanese War also Morris, Theodore Rex, 413.
49 Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt, 407.
50 Roosevelt to Nicholas II, August 21, 1905, in Roosevelt, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 4, 1307.
51 Morris, Theodore Rex, 413; also Dennett, Roosevelt and the Russo-Japanese War, 270.
52 Morris, Theodore Rex, 413.
53 Korostovetz, Pre-War Diplomacy, 98.
54 Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun, 100.
55 Ibid., 110.
56 Roosevelt to Meyer, August 25, 1905, in Roosevelt, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 4, 1314.
57 Korostovetz, Pre-War Diplomacy, 99.
58 Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun, 148.
59 Komura to Katsura, August 28, 1905, in Kajima, Diplomacy of Japan, 344.
60 Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun, 158.
61 Foreign Ministry to Komura, August 28, 1905, in Kajima, Diplomacy of Japan, 349.
62 Ibid.
63 Witte (Harcave), Memoirs of Count Witte, 440.
64 Esthus, Double Eagle and Rising Sun, 164.
65 Trani, Treaty of Portsmouth, 156.
66 William Harbaugh, Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1961), 271.
67 Osaka Mainichi Shimbun, November 1905.
68 Arthur Brown, The Mastery of the Far East: The Story of Korea’s Transformation and Japan’s Rise to Supremacy in the Orient (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1919), 191.
69 Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, 387.
70 Edward Jewitt Wheeler, ed., Index of Current Literature, 1906 (New York: Current Literature Publishing, 1906), 357.
71 Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt, 422.
72 Advocate of Peace, May 1909, 111.
73 Theodore Roosevelt to Kermit Roosevelt, December 5, 1906, in Theodore Roosevelt, Letters to Kermit from Theodore Roosevelt 1902-1908, ed. Will Irwin (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1946), 174.
74 Edward Wagenknecht, The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Longman’s Green, 1958), 308.
Chapter Five: The Paris Peace Conference
1 Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 218.
2 Robert Lansing, The Peace Negotiations: A Personal Narrative (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921), 22.
3 Ibid., 23.
4 Charles Seymour, Letters from the Paris Peace Conference (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1965), xxxii.
5 Ibid., xxi.
6 Ibid., 78.
7 Alfred F. Havighurst, Britain in Transition: The Twentieth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), 149.
8 J. W. Schulte Nordholt, Woodrow Wilson: A Life for World Peace (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), 287.
9 Robert Lansing, The Big Four and Others of the Peace Conference (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1921), 10.
10 Ibid., 85.
11 Seymour, Letters from the Paris Peace Conference, 55.
12 Billy Hughes to Governor General Ronald Munro Ferguson, January 17, 1919, in Papers of Ronald Craufurd Munro Ferguson, 1912-1935, National Library of Australia Collections.
13 Harold Nicolson, Peacemaking 1919 (London: Constable, 1933), 77.
14 John Maynard Keynes, The End of Laissez-Faire: The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004), 38.
15 David Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1939), 139.
16 Ibid., 140.
17 Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919 (New York: Random House, 2001), 97.
18 Ray Stannard Baker and Woodrow Wilson, Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement (New York: Doubleday, 1922), 235.
19 Edward House, The Intimate Papers of Colonel House, ed. Charles Seymour (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1928), 280.
20 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 86.
21 Lansing, Peace Negotiations, 43.
22 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 479-480.
23 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 91.
24 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 181.
25 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 300.
26 Ibid., 303.
27 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 94.
28 Ibid., 92.
29 Ibid., 93.
30 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 314.
31 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 95.
32 New York Herald, February 23, 1919 (Paris ed.).
33 Lansing, Peace Negotiations, 81.
34 Ibid., 172.
35 Elmer Bendiner, A Time for Angels: The Tragicomic History of the League of Nations (New York: Knopf, 1975), 106.
36 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 200.
37 Nicolson, Peacemaking 1919, 270. (Old newspapers fact from Seymour, Letters from the Paris Peace C
onference, 164.)
38 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 169.
39 Ibid., 180.
40 Woodrow Wilson, The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. 61, ed. Arthur S. Link (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), 191.
41 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 187.
42 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 331.
43 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 184.
44 Nicolson, Peacemaking 1919, 203.
45 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 189.
46 Ibid., 189.
47 Ibid., 185.
48 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 294.
49 Seymour, Letters from the Paris Peace Conference, 45.
50 Lansing, Peace Negotiations, 235.
51 Seymour, Letters from the Paris Peace Conference, 135.
52 Ibid., 155.
53 Ibid.
54 Ibid., 137.
55 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 337.
56 Ibid., 271, 274.
57 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 260.
58 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 345.
59 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 203.
60 Ibid., 201.
61 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 212.
62 Philip Bobbitt, The Shield of Achilles (New York: Knopf, 2002), 408.
63 Nicolson, Peacemaking 1919, 288.
64 Winston Churchill, The Great War (London: George Newnes, 1933), 1415.
65 Ibid., 1413.
66 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 384.
67 Ibid., 389.
68 Ibid., 377.
69 Nicolson, Peacemaking 1919, 291.
70 Ibid.
71 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 395.
72 Ibid.
73 Ibid., 396.
74 Ibid., 399-400.
75 Ibid., 402-3.
76 Ibid., 400-402.
77 Ibid., 405.
78 Ibid., 406-7.
79 Nicolson, Peacemaking 1919, 198.
80 Ibid., 92.
81 Ibid., 68.
82 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 538.
83 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 446.
84 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 465.
85 Lansing, Peace Negotiations, 97.
86 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 200.
87 Nicolson, Peacemaking 1919, 115.
88 Ibid., 329.
89 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 647.
90 MacMillan, Paris 1919, 466.
91 Ibid., 470.
92 Ibid.
93 Ibid., 471.
94 Ibid., 474.
95 Lansing, Peace Negotiations, 272-273.
96 Ibid., 273.
97 Winston Churchill, The Gathering Storm (New York: Mariner Books, 1948), 6.
98 House, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 488-9.
99 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 491.
100 Kissinger, Diplomacy, 229.
101 Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 284.
102 Ibid., 266.
CHAPTER SIX: THE EGYPTIAN-ISRAELI ARMISTICE AGREEMENT
1 J. C. Hurewitz, “The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine: Establishment and Definition of Functions.” International Organization 4 (Nov. 1953), 485.
2 Ibid., 486.
3 Jon and David Kimche, A Clash of Destinies: The Arab-Jewish War and the Founding of the State of Israel (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1960), 265.
4 Nobel Peace Prize Presentation Speech by Gunnar Jahn, chairman of the Nobel Committee, 1950, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1950/press.html; also Ralph J. Bunche, Selected Speeches and Writings, ed. Charles P. Henry (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995), 269.
5 Nobel Peace Prize Presentation Speech by Gunnar Jahn, chairman of the Nobel Committee, 1950.
6 Walter Eytan, The First Ten Years: A Diplomatic History of Israel (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1958), 29-30.
7 Statement by Acting Mediator at Opening Meeting of Egyptian-Israeli Negotiations, Rhodes, January 13, 1949, UN Archives.
8 Draft Declaration on Assurances as Regards Action by Armed Forces and Security, January 14, 1949, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, vol. 3: Armistice Negotiations with the Arab States December 1948-July 1949 (Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 1983), 21-22; and Tentative Draft Agenda (Revised Version), UN Archives.
9 Eytan to Sharett, January 13, 1949, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, vol. 3, 18.
10 Eytan, First Ten Years, 30; also Dan Kurzman, Genesis 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War (New York: World Publishing, 1970), 681.
11 Peggy Mann, Ralph Bunche, UN Peacemaker (New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1975), 248.
12 Neil Caplan, “A Tale of Two Cities: The Rhodes and Lausanne Conferences, 1949.” Journal of Palestine Studies 21, no. 3 (Spring 1992), 8; also Mann, Ralph Bunche, 246.
13 Eytan to Sharett, January 16, 1949, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, vol. 3, 28.
14 Ibid.
15 Eytan, First Ten Years, 39.
16 Bunche’s notes, 6, UCLA Archives.
17 Bunche to Secretary General, January 20, 1949, UN Archives.
18 Bunche’s notes, 7, UCLA Archives.
19 Ibid., 9.
20 Ibid.
21 Eytan to Sharett, January 24, 1949, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, vol. 3, 67.
22 Bunche to Secretary General, January 23, 1949, UN Archives.
23 Bunche’s notes, 9-10, UCLA Archives.
24 Ibid., 12.
25 Mann, Ralph Bunche, 252.
26 Benjamin Rivlin, ed., Ralph Bunche: The Man and His Times (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1990), 177-178.
27 Ibid., 178.
28 Caplan, A Tale of Two Cities, 8.
29 Sharett to Eytan, January 24, 1949, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, vol. 3: Armistice Negotiations with the Arab States December 1948-July 1949 Companion Volume (Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 1983), 15
30 Brian Urquhart, Ralph Bunche: An American Life (New York: Norton, 1993), 206.
31 Mann, Ralph Bunche, 253.
32 Bunche to Secretary General, January 27, 1949, UN Archives.
33 Lie to Bunche, January 30, 1949, UN Archives.
34 Urquhart, Ralph Bunche, 204.
35 Rivlin, Ralph Bunche, 185.
36 Bunche’s notes, 15, UCLA Archives.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid.
39 Bunche to Eytan, January 31, 1949, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, vol. 3, 96-97.
40 Caplan, A Tale of Two Cities, 9.
41 Bunche’s notes, 18, UCLA Archives.
42 Ibid.
43 Bunche to Secretary General, February 4, 1949, UN Archives.
44 Bunche’s notes, 20, UCLA Archives.
45 Eytan, First Ten Years, 31.
46 Mann, Ralph Bunche, 248.
47 Ibid., 250.
48 Ibid., 247.
49 Bunche’s notes, 27, UCLA Archives.
50 Urquhart, Ralph Bunche, 224.
51 Mann, Ralph Bunche, 253.
52 Ibid., 253-254.
53 Eytan, First Ten Years, 32.
54 Urquhart, Ralph Bunche, 224.
55 Bunche to Secretary General, February 5, 1949, UN Archives.
56 Bunche to Secretary General, February 6, 1949, UN Archives.