22 Hamilton, William’s Mary, pp. 156–8.
2. THE END OF THE AFFAIR
1 Gilbert Burnet, ‘Ill Effects of Animosities among Protestants in England Detected’, quoted in Tim Harris, Revolution: The Great Crisis in the English Monarchy, 1685–1720 (London: Allen Lane, 2006), pp. 249–50.
2 Quoted in Harris, Revolution, p. 272.
3 Quoted in Lisa Jardine, Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland’s Glory (London: Harper Perennial, 2009), p. 6.
4 Jardine, Going Dutch, p. 11.
5 Huygens, quoted in ibid., p. 11.
6 Robert Beddard, A Kingdom without a King (Oxford: Phaidon, 1988), p. 19.
7 Jardine, Going Dutch, p. 14.
8 Quoted in ibid., p. 18.
9 Huygens, quoted in Jardine, Going Dutch, p. 18.
10 Huygens, quoted in Jardine, Going Dutch, p. 18.
11 Robert Beddard, A Kingdom without a King, p. 180.
12 Rudolf Dekker, Family, Culture and Society in the Diary of Constantijn Huygens Jr. (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2013), p. 125.
13 Marion Sharpe Grew, William Bentinck and William III (London: John Murray, 1924), pp. 142–3.
14 Onnekink, The Anglo-Dutch Favourite, pp. 87–8; Harris, A Passion for Government, p. 57; Hamilton, William’s Mary, pp. 264–5. See also A Dialogue between K. W. and Benting (1694/5).
15 Quoted in Leo Damrosch, Jonathan Swift: His Life and His World (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2013), pp. 65–6.
16 Quoted in Dekker, Family, Culture and Society in Huygens Jr., p. 127.
17 Dekker, Family, Culture and Society in Huygens Jr., p. 122.
18 Van der Kiste, William and Mary, p. 164.
19 W. Whiston, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Mr. William Whiston containing Memoirs of several of his Friends also (London, 1749), pp. 113–14.
20 See Van der Kiste, William and Mary, p. 181.
3. FAVOURS
1 Quane, ‘Middleton School, Co. Cork’, The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 82/1 (1952), p. 4.
2 William Cox, ed., The Private and Original Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury (London, 1821), p. 5.
3 For the letters between Elizabeth Villiers and Charles Talbot, see Cox, Correspondence of Charles Talbot, pp. 19–21.
4 Jonathan Swift, Remarks on the Characters of the Court of Queen Anne, in Swift, Works, vol. 10, p. 315.
5 Jennings Churchill, Sarah (Duchess of Marlborough), The Private Correspondence of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (London: Henry Colburn, 1838), vol. 1, p. 322.
6 ‘Manfield vs. Duchess of Buckingham,’ TNA C 6/298/72.
7 Crathorne, Cliveden, p. 34.
4. REBUILDING
1 Edward Gregg, Queen Anne (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 231.
2 Orkney to Selkirk, 19 November 1705, NLS MS 1033, fol. 7.
3 Quane, ‘Middleton School’, pp. 9–10.
4 Ibid.
5 Orkney to Selkirk, NLS MS 1033 fols. 7–11.
6 Ibid.
7 Orkney to Selkirk, 11 January 1706, NLS MS 1033 fol. 14.
8 Orkney to Selkirk, 19 November 1705; Orkney to Selkirk, 11 January 1706, NLS MS 1033 fols. 7–14.
5. ‘THIS PLACE IS TOO ENGAGING’
1 Lord Archibald Hamilton to Lord Selkirk, 24 August 1708, NLS MS 1033 fol. 52.
2 Ibid.
3 Elizabeth to Jonathan Swift in Swift, Works, vol. 2, p. 484.
4 Elizabeth to Selkirk, 26 July 1708, NLS MS 1033 fol. 46.
5 Elizabeth to Ruglen, 19 July, NLS MS 1033 fols. 167–8.
6 Vic Gatrell, City of Laughter: Sex and Satire in Eighteenth-Century London (London: Atlantic Books, 2006), p. 25.
7 Elizabeth to Selkirk, 26 July 1708, NLS MS 1033 fols. 45–6.
8 Richard Holmes, Marlborough: Britain’s Greatest General (London: Harper Perennial, 2009), p. 300.
9 Orkney to his brother, 11 January 1706, NLS MS 1033 fols. 12–14.
10 Orkney to Marlborough, 4 August 1704, BL Add MS 61474 fols. 111–12.
11 Maynwaring to Marlborough Nov/Dec. 1708, in Jennings Churchill, Correspondence of the Duchess of Marlborough, p. 160.
12 Maynwaring to Marlborough, in ibid., p. 161.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 BL Add MS 61474 fols. 114–15.
16 Somerset, Queen Anne, pp. 415–16.
17 Ibid., p. 411.
18 Orkney to Harley, 10 July 1710, in HMC, Report on the Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Portland (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1899), Vol. 4, p. 549.
19 The National Trust Cliveden, Buckinghamshire (National Trust, 2001), p. 14.
6. ‘THE WISEST WOMAN I EVER SAW’
1 Joseph Spence, Observations, Anecdotes, and Characters of Books and Men, Collected from Conversation, ed. James M. Osborn (Oxford: Clarendon, 1966), vol. 1, p. 52, quoted in Damrosch, Jonathan Swift, pp. 25–6.
2 Jonathan Swift, ‘The Journal to Stella’ in The Works of Jonathan Swift, vol. 2 (Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. 1814), 15 September 1712.
3 Swift to Mary Pendarves, 29 Jan. 1736, in David Woolley, ed., The Correspondence of Jonathan Swift (Oxford: Peter Lang, 1999) vol. 4, p. 257; Woolley, Correspondence, vol. 4, p. 258n.
4 Orkney to Lady Harriet Harley, HMC Portland, vol. 5, p. 463.
5 Swift, ‘Journal to Stella’, 26 April 1713.
6 Ibid., 28 October 1712.
7 Ibid., 21 March 1713.
8 Ibid., 15 November 1712.
9 Ibid., 15 November 1712.
10 Ibid., 28 October 1712.
11 Ibid., 30 October 1712.
12 Ibid., 12 December 1712.
13 Ibid., 25 January 1713; 15 February 1713.
14 Swift to Mary Pendarves, 29 Jan. 1736, in Woolley, Correspondence, vol. 4, p. 257.
15 Jonathan Swift, Of the Education of Ladies, quoted in Damrosch, Jonathan Swift, p. 428.
16 Quoted in Quane, ‘Midleton School’.
7. ‘I HAVE TIRED MYSELF WITH FRIGHT’
1 Orkney, quoted in Holmes, Marlborough, p. 339.
2 Holmes, Marlborough, p. 340.
3 Quoted in James Falkner, Ramillies 1706: Year of Miracles (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2006), p. 98.
4 Orkney to Selkirk, 1 August 1708, NLS MS 1033 fols. 47–8.
5 Ibid.
6 Letter from the Duke of Marlborough to Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, quoted in Holmes, Marlborough, p. 277.
7 Orkney to his brother, 3 April 1707, NLS MS 1033, fols. 21–2.
8 T. M. Devine, Scotland’s Empire 1600–1815 (London: Allen Lane, 2003), pp. 44–8; Michael Fry, The Scottish Empire (Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2001), p. 20.
9 Orkney to his brother, 11 October 1707, NLS MS 1033, fols. 34–5; Orkney to Selkirk, 15 May 1710, NLS MS 1033, fols. 77–8.
10 Orkney to Selkirk, 15 May 1710, NLS MS 1033, fols. 7–8.
11 Orkney to Selkirk, 11 October 1707, NLS MS 1033, fols. 34–5; Orkney to Selkirk, 15 May 1710, NLS MS 1033, fols. 77–8.
12 John Loveday quoted in Sarah Markham, John Loveday of Caversham 1711–1798 (Salisbury: Michael Russell, 1984), p. 177.
13 Colen Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicns (New York: Dover Publications, 2007), p. 4.
14 Quoted in Markham, John Loveday, p. 178.
15 Daniel Defoe, A Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain and Ireland 1724–1726, ed. Nikolaus Pevsner (London, 1927), quoted in Rosemary Baird, The Mistress of the House: Great Ladies and Grand Houses (London: Phoenix, 2004), p. 65.
16 Baird, Mistress of the House, p. 66.
17 Quoted in Somerset, Queen Anne, p. 454.
18 Holmes, Marlborough, p. 301.
8. THE GREEN REVOLUTION
1 Harris, A Passion for Government, p. 70.
2 Orkney to Selkirk, 2 February 1706, NLS MS 1033, fols. 15–16.
3 Orkney to Selkirk, 11 January 1706, NLS MS 1033, fol. 14.
4 Alexander Pope, The Works of Alexander Pope (London, 1776), vol. 4, p. 267.
6 Alexander Pope, ‘Letters to and from Mr. Digby – Letter XVI’, in The Worlds of Alexander Pope, Esq. in verse and prose (London, 1806), vol. 8, p. 88.
7 Lord Ronald Sutherland Gower, My Reminiscences (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1884), vol. 1, p. 19.
8 Alexander Pope to the Earl of Orkney, 4 September 1736, NoR Craster Family Collection ZCR Box 9.
9 Orkney to Selkirk, 2 October 1723, NLS MS 1033, fol. 157.
10 Orkney to Selkirk, 5 December 1723, NLS MS 1033 fol. 159.
11 See Gervase Jackson-Stops, ‘The Cliveden Album: drawings by Archer, Leoni and Gibbs for the 1st Earl of Orkney’, Architectural History 19 (1976).
12 David Watkin, The Classical Country House: from the archives of Country Life (London: Aurum Press, 2010), p. 66.
9. ‘IT WAS AS IF HIS MAJESTY HAD LIVED HERE’
1 Ragnhild Hatton, George I (Yale University Press, 1978), p. 205; J. M. Beattie, The English Court in the Reign of George I (Cambridge University Press, 1967), p. 266.
2 HMC, Portland, vol. 5, p. 572.
3 Beattie, The English Court in the Reign of George I, p. 275.
4 Letters to and from Henrietta, Countess of Suffolk and her Second Husband, the Hon. George Berkeley (London: John Murray, 1824), vol. 1, pp. 350–2.
5 Quoted in Veronica Baker-Smith, Royal Discord: The Family of George II (London: Athena Press, 2008), p. 21.
6 Letters to and from Henrietta and her Second Husband, vol. 1, pp. 350–2.
7 Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 350–2.
8 Baker-Smith, Royal Discord, p. 51.
9 Letters to and from Henrietta and her Second Husband, vol. 1, pp. 350–2.
10. ‘THE SHOCK IS GREATER THAN I EVER HAD IN MY LIFE’
1 Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500–1800 (London: Penguin, 1979), p. 57.
2 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu to Lady Mar, October 1727, in Robert Halsband, ed., The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, 3 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1965), vol. 2, p. 85.
3 Elizabeth to John Boyle, 10 September 1732, BL R.P. 1109 Box 20 941D.
4 Ibid.
5 Orkney to John Boyle, 10 September 1732, BL R.P. 1109 Box 20 941D.
6 Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough to Somerset, 3 October 1723, DR Seymour MSS L18, 23/28, quoted in Harris, A Passion for Government, p. 224.
7 Orkney to John Boyle, 10 September 1732, BL R.P. 1109 Box 20 941D.
PART III
1. RULE, BRITANNIA!
1 Letter from Martin Madan to Judith Madan, quoted in Oliver J. W. Cox ‘Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the First Performance of “Rule, Britannia!’”, The Historical Journal, 56/4 (2013), pp. 931–3.
2 Simon Schama, A History of Britain: The British Wars 1603–1776 (London: The Bodley Head, 2009), p. 318.
3 See Schama, A History of Britain, vol. 2, pp. 318–19.
4 See Cox, ‘Frederick and “Rule, Britannia!’”, pp. 931–3.
5 Alan D. McKillop, ‘The Early History of “Alfred”’, Philological Quarterly, 41/1 (1962), pp. 311–12.
6 Gloucester Journal, 5 August 1729.
7 Household accounts of Frederick, Prince of Wales, referenced in Frances Vivian, A Life of Frederick Prince of Wales (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006), p. 271; London Evening Post, 29 September 1737, London Evening Post, 25 October 1737; see also George Lyttelton to the Duchess of Marlborough, 18 September 1737, BL Add MS 61467, fol. 14.
8 Quoted in Cox, ‘Frederick and “Rule Britannia!”’.
9 Percy A. Scholes, The Oxford Companion to Music (London: Oxford University Press, 1960), p. 62.
10 General Evening Post, 31 July–2 August 1740.
11 Quoted in Sarah McCleave, Dance in Handel’s London Operas (University of Rochester Press, 2013), p. 116.
12 London Evening Post, 7 August 1740.
13 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 5 August 1740.
14 Patricia Fara, ‘Desaguliers, John Theophilus (1683–1744)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn., May 2009).
15 London Evening Post, 7 August 1740.
2. RISE
1 Quoted in Lucy Worsley, Courtiers: The Secret History of the Georgian Court (London: Faber and Faber, 2010), p. 196.
2 Quoted in Baker-Smith, Royal Discord, p. 82.
3 See Andrew C. Thompson, George II: King and Elector (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2011), p. 113.
4 Frances Vivian, A Life of Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1707–1751: A Connoisseur of the Arts (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006).
5 Lady A. Irwin to Lord Carlisle, April 1736, HMC, Fifteenth Report, Appendix, Part VI: Manuscripts of the Earl of Carlisle (Norwich: H.M. Stationery Office, 1899), p. 167.
6 John Walters, The Royal Griffin: Frederick Prince of Wales, 1707–51 (London: Jarrolds, 1972), p. 113.
7 Lord Hervey, quoted in Worsley, Courtiers, p. 189.
8 Quoted in Christopher Hibbert, George III: A Personal History (New York: Basic Books, 1998), p. 3.
9 Hibbert, George III, p. 3.
10 Quoted in Worsley, Courtiers, p. 201.
11 Horace Walpole, Memoirs of George II, ed. John Brooke (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), vol. 1, p. 54.
12 Lord John Hervey, Some Materials towards Memoirs of the Reign of George II, ed. Romney Sedgwick (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1931), vol. 2, p. 628.
13 Walpole, Memoirs of George II, vol. 2, p. 53.
14 Quoted in Walters, The Royal Griffin, p. 113.
15 St. James’s Weekly Journal, 31 October 1719.
16 Uriel Heyd, Reading Newspapers: Press and Public in Eighteenth-Century Britain and America (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2012), p. 95.
17 Quoted in Jeremy Black, The English Press in the Eighteenth Century (London: Croom Helm, 1987), p. 116.
18 Black, English Press, p. 148.
19 Ann C. Dean, ‘Court Culture and Political News in London’s Eighteenth-Century Newspapers’, English Literary History 73/3 (2006), p. 631.
20 Quoted in ibid., p. 643.
21 London Evening Post, 24–7 April 1736.
22 Grub Street Journal, 29 April 1736.
23 London Evening Post, 24–7 April 1736.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., 27–9 April 1736.
26 Grub Street Journal, 29 April 1736.
27 Quoted in Hannah Smith, Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 118.
3. ‘A PROFUSION OF FINERY’
1 The following account of the wedding is based on a report in the London Evening Post, 27–9 April 1736.
2 Thompson, George II, p. 116.
3 Lord John Hervey, Memoirs of the Reign of George the Second from his Accession to the Death of Queen Caroline, ed. J. W. Croker (London: John Murray, 1848), vol. 2, pp. 114–15; Thompson, George II, p. 116.
4 R. A. Roberts, ed., Diary of Viscount Percival, afterwards first earl of Egmont (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 3 vols., 1920–3), vol. 2, p. 264.
5 London Evening Post, 27–9 April 1736.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Thompson, George II, p. 117.
9 Roberts, Egmont Diary, vol. 2, pp. 263–4.
10 Walters, The Royal Griffin, p. 125.
11 Ibid., pp. 114–15; Hervey, ed. Croker, vol. 2, pp. 302–5.
12 London Evening Post, 27–9 April 1736.
13 Nigel Arch and Joanna Marschner, Splendour at Court: Dressing for Royal Occasions since 1700 (London: Unwin Hyman, 1987), p. 37.
14 Ibid., p. 40.
15 Ibid., p. 41.
16 London Evening Post, 27–9 April 1736.
17 Ibid., 11 November 1738; Christ
ine Gerrard, ‘Queens-in-waiting: Caroline of Anspach and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha as Princesses of Wales’, in Clarissa Campbell Orr, ed. Queenship in Britain 1660–1837 (Manchester University Press, 2002), p. 156.
4. A HANOVERIAN SOAP OPERA
1 Hervey, ed. Sedgwick, vol. 2, p. 556.
2 Ibid., pp. 302–5.
3 Ibid.
4 Hervey, ed. Sedgwick, vol. 3, p. 757.
5 HMC, Manuscripts of the Earl of Egmont: Diary of the 1st Earl of Egmont (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1923), vol. 2, p. 360.
6 Hervey, ed. Sedgwick, vol. 3 pp. 758.
7 Ibid., p. 758.
8 Ibid., p. 759.
9 Ibid., p. 761; Ibid., p. 763.
10 Hervey, ed. Croker, vol. 3, p. 192.
11 Hervey, ed. Sedgwick, vol. 3, p. 820.
12 Hervey, ed. Croker, vol. 3, p. 286.
13 Walpole, Memoirs of George II, vol. 1, p. 53.
14 Read’s Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer, 6 August 1737.
15 Correspondence printed in Letters in the Original, with Translations… That passed between the King, Queen, Prince, and Princess of Wales; on Occasion of the Birth of the Young Princess (London, 1737), pp. 23–30.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 BL Stowe 308 fol. 5, quoted in Smith, Georgian Monarchy, p. 205.
20 Chesterfield, quoted in Arch and Marschner, Splendour at Court, p. 35.
21 Worsley, Courtiers, p. 226.
22 Hervey, ed. Sedgwick, vol. 3, p. 850.
23 Ibid., vol. 3, p. 268.
24 Ibid.
25 Daily Gazetteer, 7 June 1736.
26 See, for example, Read’s Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer, 8 July 1738; Daily Post, 21 June 1742.
5. THE QUEEN IS DEAD, LONG LIVE THE QUEEN
1 Thompson, George II, p. 122.
2 Hervey, ed. Croker, vol. 3, p. 299.
3 Ibid., vol. 3, p. 298.
4 Thompson, George II, p. 123; Hervey, ed. Croker, vol. 3, p. 309.
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