The Mistresses of Cliveden: Three Centuries of Scandal, Power and Intrigue in an English Stately Home
Page 48
7 Fox, Langhorne Sisters, p. 472.
8 Quoted in Fox, Langhorne Sisters, p. 478.
9 Quoted in ibid., p. 479.
10 Fox, Langhorne Sisters, pp. 494–5.
9. THE CLIVEDEN SET UP
1 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 241.
2 Thomas Jones, A Diary with Letters, 1931–1950 (London: Oxford University Press, 1954), 2 June, pp. 214–16.
3 Ibid., 3 June, pp. 216–17.
4 Nevile Henderson, Failure of a Mission: Berlin, 1937–1939 (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1940) p. 13.
5 The Earl of Halifax, Fulness of Days (London: Collins, 1957), p. 185.
6 Quoted in Sykes, Nancy, p. 428.
7 Fort, Nancy, p. 255.
8 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 252.
9 Quoted in Rose, The Cliveden Set, pp. 181–2.
10 Quoted in Rose, The Cliveden Set, p. 83.
11 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 261.
12 Anthony Julius, Trails of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 317.
13 Quoted in Sykes, Nancy, p. 446.
14 Rose, The Cliveden Set, pp. 182–3.
15 Ibid., p. 183.
16 ‘GBS Hits Out in Defence of Lady Astor’, Sunday Graphic, 5 March 1939.
17 Philip Kerr, ‘Britain Awake!’, Observer, 20 November 1938.
18 Quoted in Rose, The Cliveden Set, p. 184.
10. CARTWHEELS IN THE BUNKER
1 Crispin Gill, Plymouth: A New History [vol. 2]: 1603 to the Present Day (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1979), p. 194.
2 Fort, Nancy, p. 278.
3 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 248.
4 Ibid., pp. 249–50.
5 See, for example, The Manchester Guardian, 23 March 1941.
6 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 253.
7 Ibid., pp. 254–5.
8 Quoted in Gill, Plymouth: A New History, pp. 195–6.
9 Manchester Guardian, 23 March 1941.
10 J. C. Trewin, Portrait of Plymouth (London: Hale, 1973), pp. 166–7.
11 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 259.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., p. 265.
14 Richard Overy, The Bombing War: Europe 1939–1945 (London: Allen Lane, 2013), p. 143.
15 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 269.
16 Trewin, Portrait of Plymouth.
17 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 257.
18 Quoted in Cole Lesley, The Life of Noel Coward (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978), p. 219.
19 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 258.
20 Ibid., p. 262.
11. FAREWELL TO BOTH MY HOUSES
1 Fort, Nancy, p. 289.
2 ‘Blitzed Plymouth Plans a New City’, broadcast by William Holt and Visount Astor, transcript at PWD 3642/1707; quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 290.
3 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 293.
4 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 294.
5 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 295.
6 Quoted in Sykes, Nancy, p. 460, p. 461.
7 Richard Cockett, David Astor and the Observer (London: Deutsch, 1991) p. 94.
8 Quoted in Cockett, Astor and the Observer, pp. 122–3, p. 123.
9 Quoted in Cockett, Astor and the Observer, p. 121.
10 The Builder, 15 January 1943, pp. 62–7.
11 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 232.
12 James Lees-Milne, Diaries, 1942–1945: Ancestral Voices and Prophesying Peace (London: John Murray, 1995), pp. vii–viii.
13 Ibid., Monday 11 May 1942.
14 Ibid., Thursday 25 June 1942.
15 Ibid., 6 July 1942.
16 Ibid., Wednesday 19 May 1943; Wednesday 29 March 1944.
17 James Lees-Milne, People and Places: Country House Donors and the National Trust (London: Murray, 1992), p. 14.
18 Lees-Milne, Diaries, Tuesday 20 July 1943. Nancy’s hostility towards the idea of public access is reminiscent of Waldorf’s father’s: during his time at the house, he had banned boating parties from landing on the banks of the river beneath Cliveden and erected around the estate a wall topped with broken glass.
19 Quoted in Peter Mandler, The Fall and Rise of the Stately Home (New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 324.
20 ‘25 Years in Parliament’, The Times, 1 December 1944.
21 ‘Lady Astor to Retire’, The Times, 2 December 1944.
22 Quoted in Sykes, Nancy, p. 474.
23 Astor, Tribal Feeling, pp. 204–5.
24 Quoted in Sykes, Nancy, p. 487.
25 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 75.
26 Quoted in Cockett, Astor and the Observer, p. 203.
27 Fort, Nancy, p. 314.
28 Astor, Tribal Feeling, pp. 204–5.
29 James Lees-Milne, Caves of Ice (London: Faber, 1983), p. 81.
30 Ibid., pp. 212–3.
31 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 318.
32 Harrison, The Lady’s Maid, p. 338.
33 Ibid.
34 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, pp. 318–19.
35 Quoted in Crathorne, Cliveden, p. 181.
36 Quoted in Fort, Nancy, p. 319.
12. SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL
1 Quoted in Crathorne, Cliveden, p. 182.
2 William Astor, ‘William Astor: My father, his swimming pool and the Profumo scandal’, Spectator, 11 January 2014.
3 Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good, p. 649.
4 Westminster Confidential, 8 March 1963; quoted in Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good, p. 650.
5 Jack Profumo, ‘Personal Statement’, Hansard HC Deb 22 March 1963, vol. 674, cc.809–10.
6 Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good, p. 655.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid., p. 657.
9 ‘Sex and Politics’, in the Observer, 9 June 1963, p. 10.
10 Quoted in David Smith, ‘Cliveden, the house of prime ministers and socialites’, Observer, Sunday 12 March 2006.
11 ‘Sex and Politics’, Observer, 9 June 1963, p. 10.
12 David Smith, ‘Cliveden, the House of Prime Ministers and Socialites’, in the Observer, Sunday 12 March 2006.
13 Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good, p. 660.
14 Dominic Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good (London: Little, Brown; 2005), p. 634.
15 Peter Catterall, ed., The Macmillan Diaries, vol. II: Prime Minister and After, 1957–1966 (London: Pan Books, 2012), 22 March 1963, p. 552.
16 Richard Davenport-Hines, An English Affair: Sex, Class and Power in the Age of Profumo (London: HarperPress, 2013), pp. 305–6.
17 Ibid., p. 327.
18 Quoted ibid., p. 327.
19 Harrison, My Life in Service, pp. 175–7.
20 See Sykes, Nancy, p. 611. Rose Harrison has a slightly different story: that when he was drunk, Bobbie told Nancy about Profumo; she asked to call Cliveden but Rose and Charles managed to put her off the scent by calling their own phone line instead, so it appeared that ‘Cliveden’ was engaged. Rose was adamant that Nancy never knew anything about it: ‘I am firmly convinced that she never knew anything about what had happened. If she had she would most certainly have spoken to me about it.’ See Harrison, My Life in Service, pp. 175–7.
21 Quoted in Fox, Langhorne Sisters, p. 539.
22 Quoted in Fox, Langhorne Sisters, p. 546.
23 Nancy to Phyllis, undated letter, URSC Astor MS 2422/3.
24 Quoted in Fox, Langhorne Sisters, p. 546.
25 Quoted in David Smith, ‘Cliveden, the house of prime ministers and socialites’, Observer, Sunday 12 March 2006.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
All five parts of the book are indebted to Cliveden: The Place and the People, by James Crathorne (London: Collins & Brown, 1995), to the National Trust guides Cliveden, Buckinghamshire (NT, 2001) and Cliveden Garden (Jonathan Marsden and Oliver Garnett; NT, 2002) and to unpublished gazetteers and archaeological plans prepared in 2012 by the Parklands Consortium Ltd.
The newspapers quoted in Parts I–III are from the British Library’s Burney Collection Database; those in
Part IV are from the Nineteenth-Century British Library Newspaper Database and The Times Digital Archive; and those in Part V from The Times Digital Archive, The Sunday Times Digital Archive, and Proquest Historical Newspapers (The Guardian and The Observer).
Part III benefited greatly from the Enlightened Princesses symposium held at Hampton Court Palace in July 2014; of particular help were papers given by Cassandra Albinson, Wolf Burchard, Mark Laird, Lee Prosser and Cynthia Roman. The accounts of Langhorne family relations in Part V are indebted to James Fox’s The Langhorne Sisters (London: Granta, 1998).
PART I
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
Bodleian Library, Oxford
G 7.3 Th., The Cynosura, dedicated to Anne, Countess of Shrewsbury by Nicholas Cross in 1670, with manuscript notes by Thomas Barlow.
Bruce Christopher Yardley, ‘The political career of George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (1628–87)’ unpublished DPhil dissertation, University of Oxford, 1989.
British Library
Add MS 5821, recounting the selling of Bletchley Park by Buckingham, 1671
Add MS 15903, a relation of the Duke of Buckingham’s entertainment in France, 1672
Add MS 18914, inventory of ‘hangings of arras, tapistry, and other hangings, plate, jewells, aggats, pictures, statues, household stuff, goods, chattells, rings, and other things’, assigned to George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
Add MS 29553, letter to Lord Hatton
Add MS 46458, letter from Charles II granting parts of Holland, Lincolnshire to the Earl of Shrewsbury in 1664
Egerton MS 3330, letter from Anna Maria, Countess of Shrewsbury, to Lord Danby
Harley MS 6862, Brian Fairfax’s life of Buckingham
Stowe MS 755, signature of Anna Maria, Countess of Shrewsbury
London Metropolitan Archive
MS 15818, accounts of 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 1660–70
Acc/382, leasing of Buckingham house, 1664
The National Archives, Kew
C6/419/78, ‘1684, Goodchild vs. Villiers, Court of Chancery’
National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth
Cwmgwili 838–49, Cliveden estate vouchers, receipts and accounts
Northamptonshire Record Office
Buccleuch Collection 45 Vol I, correspondence of Charles Talbot
Journal of Charles Talbot, 1702–1705
Buccleuch Collection 65 Vol XXI, journal of the Duke of Shrewsbury 1700–1706
PUBLISHED SOURCES
Ackroyd, Peter, London: The Biography (London: Vintage, 2001).
— Thames: Sacred River (London: Vintage, 2008).
Beauclerk, Charles, Nell Gwyn (London: Macmillan, 2006).
Browning, Andrew (ed.), Memoirs of Sir John Reresby (London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1991).
Bucholz, Robert O., and Ward, Joseph P., London: A Social and Cultural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
Burghclere, Lady Winifred, George Villiers, Second Duke of Buckingham, 1628–1687: A Study in the History of the Restoration (London: John Murray, 1903).
Chapman, Hester W., Great Villiers: A Study of George Villiers Second Duke of Buckingham, 1628–1687 (London: Secker & Warburg, 1949).
Crathorne, James, Cliveden: The Place and the People (London: Collins & Brown, 1995).
Dabhoiwala, Faramerz, The Origins of Sex: A History of the First Sexual Revolution (London: Penguin Books, 2013).
Dolman, Brett, Beauty, Sex and Power: A Story of Debauchery and Decadent Art at the Late Stuart Court (London: Scala, 2012).
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Evelyn, John (ed. William Bray), The Diary of John Evelyn (London: Gibbings, 1890).
Fairfax, Brian (ed. Edward Arber), Memoirs of the Life of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham (London, 1869).
Fisher, John, and others, The A to Z of Restoration London (London Topographical Society, 1992).
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Hanrahan, David C., Charles II and the Duke of Buckingham (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2006).
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PART II
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
British Library
Add MS 4804, Swift correspondence
Add MS 4806, Swift correspondence
Add MS 22627, Elizabeth Orkney to Mrs Howard
Add MS 28894, Elizabeth Orkney to J. Ellis
Add MS 36228, settlement of estate at Cliveden and Taplow, 1720
Add MS 61162, Lord Orkney, military correspondence with Marlborough
Add MS 61294, Lord Orkney, military correspondence
Add MS 61299, Lord Orkney, military correspondence
Add MS 61474, Marlborough correspondence
Add MS 61605, Elizabeth Orkney to Lord Sunderland
Add MS 61628, Lord Orkney to Lord Sunderland
R. P.
1109 Box 20 941D, Boyle correspondence
Stowe 247, Lord Orkney, letters
National Archives, Kew
C6/298/72, ‘Manfield vs. Duchess of Buckingham’
Will of Lord Orkney 11/682/48, last will and testament of Lord Orkney
National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh
GD406/1, correspondence of the dukes of Hamilton, 1563–1712
National Library of Scotland
MS 1033, Correspondence of Earl Selkirk
Northamptonshire Record Office
Buccleuch Collection 51 Vol VII, letters from and to Mrs Villiers and Mrs Lundee 1693.
Craster Family Collection ZCR Box 9, Alexander Pope to the Earl of Orkney.
PUBLISHED SOURCES
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Campbell, Colen, Vitruvius Britannicus (New York: Dover Publications, 2007).
Chisholm, Kate, Wits & Wives: Dr Johnson in the Company of Women (London: Pimlico, 2012).
Claydon, Tony, William III (London: Longman, 2002).
Cox, William (ed.), The Private and Original Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury (London, 1821).
Damrosch, Leo, Jonathan Swift: His Life and His World (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2013).
Dekker, Rudolf, Family, Culture and Society in the Diary of Constantijn Huygens Jr. (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2013).
Devine, T. M., Scotland’s Empire 1600–1815 (London: Allen Lane, 2003).
Gatrell, Vic, City of Laughter: Sex and Satire in Eighteenth-Century London (London: Atlantic Books, 2006).
The First Bohemians: Life and Art in London’s Bohemian Age (London: Allen Lane, 2013).
Gregg, Edward, Queen Anne (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001).