by Bruce Catton
Rouge, 1944.
Wiley, Bell Irvin, Southern Negroes 1861-1865, New York, 1938.
Wilkes, George, The Great Battle, New York, 1861.
Willey, William P., An Inside View of the Formation of the
State of West Virginia, Wheeling, West Virginia, 1901. Williams, K. P., Lincoln Finds a General, 5 vols., New York,
1949.
Williams, T. Harry, Lincoln and His Generals, New York, 1952.
Williams, T. Harry, P. G. T. Beauregard, Napoleon in Gray, Baton Rouge, 1954.
Williams, T. Harry, With Beauregard in Mexico, Baton Rouge,
1950. |
Wilshin, Francis F., Manassas National Battlefield Park, Washington, D.C., 1953.
Wilson, Hill Peebles, John Brown, Soldier of Fortune, A Critique, Boston, 1913.
Wilson, James Harrison, Under the Old Flag, 2 vols., New York, 1912.
Wilson, Rufus Rockwell, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, Elmira, N.Y., 1945.
Wilson, Woodrow, Division and Reunion, New York, 1912.
Wiltse, Charles M., John C. Calhoun; Nullifier, 1829-1839, Indianapolis, 1949.
Winthrop, Theodore, The New York Seventh Regiment, Our March to Washington, Atlantic Monthly, June 1861.
Wise, John S., The End of an Era, Boston, 1901.
Wolfe, Samuel M., Helper's Impending Crisis Dissected, Philadelphia, 1860.
Wood, Robert C, Confederate Hand-Book, New Orleans, 1900.
Woodburn, James A., The Historical Significance of the Missouri Compromise, Washington, 1893.
Worley, Ted R., editor, At Home in Confederate Arkansas, Letters to and from Pulaski Counties, 1861-1865, Little Rock, Ark., 1955.
Worley, Ted R., The Arkansas Peace Society of 1861; A Study in Mountain Unionism, Journal of Southern History, Nov. 1958.
Worth, Jonathan, The Correspondence of Jonathan Worth, edited by J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton, 2 vols., Raleigh, 1902.
Wright, Crafts J., Official Journal of the Conference Convention, Held at Washington City, February 1861, Washington, 1861.
Wright, Mrs. D. Giraud, A Southern Girl in '61, New York, 1905.
Wythe, John Allen, With Sabre and Scalpel, New York, 1914. Yancey, William L., Speech of the Hon. William L. Yancey of
Alabama, Delivered in the National Democratic Convention,
1860.
Acknowledgments
The co-operation and friendship of hundreds of persons and institutions has been extended to those involved in preparing this Centennial History of the Civil War.
The discussions that led to the writing of the history began at The New York Times, where the role of John Desmond deserves special mention.
Allan Nevins, of the Huntington Library, San Marino, California, supplied many aids and comforts, particularly in contributing his own research notes gathered from more than thirty years of work and travel. Professor Nevins read the manuscript as well.
Advance readers whose comment and correction were espedaily useful were Professor Avery Craven, William B. Hesseltine, Willard Webb, T. Harry Williams.
Ralph Newman brought Mr. Catton and Mr. Long together and has been a steady source of information and support.
Others who helped in The Coming Fury, Volume One of the history, include:
Edwin C. Bearss, Vicksburg, Miss.; Elden E. Billings, Washington, D.C.; Ray Billington, Evanston, 111.; Robert Bruce, Reading, Mass.; Avery Craven, Chesterton, Ind.; Mrs. William Hunter de Butts, Upperville, Va., for permission to use certdn papers of R. E. Lee; Mrs. Henry Clinton de Rham, Garrison on Hudson, New York, for permission to use various manuscripts; Raymond Dooley, Lincoln, 111.; Charles Dufour, New Orleans, La.; Joseph T. Durkin, S.J., Washington, D.C.; Joseph L. Eisen-drath, Jr., Highland Park, 111.; Otto Eisenschiml, Chicago, 111.;
0. H. Felton, Lyons, 111.; Arnold Gates, Garden City, N.Y.;
C. P. Gehman, Denver, Colo.; Richard Harwell, Chicago, 111.;
Carl Haverlin, New York, N.Y.; William B. Hesseltine, Madison,
Wis.; Stanley F. Horn, Nashville, Tenn.; John Hunter, Madison,
Wis.; J. Ambler Johnston, Richmond, Va.; Virgil Carrington
Jones, Washington, D.C.; Allen P. Julian, Atlanta, Ga.; Harnett
Kane, New Orleans, La.; T. S. Kennedy, Pensacola, Fla., for
use of the S. A. Mallory Papers; Frederick Klein, Lancaster,
Pa.; Mrs. Katharine McCook Knox, Washington, D.C., for use
of her family papers; Rabbi Bertram W. Korn, Philadelphia,
Pa.; Ralston B. Lattimore, Savannah, Ga.; Charles McKnight,
Fork, Md.; Franklin J. Meine, Chicago, 111.; Earl Schenck
Miers, Edison, N.J.; Mrs. Raymond Millbrook, Detroit, Mich.;
Mr. and Mrs. Lewis C. Murtaugh, Winnetka, 111., for contribut-
ing useful volumes to the research library; Harry E. Pratt,
Springfield, 111., and Mrs. Pratt; William Price, Arlington, Va.;
Rep. Fred Schwengel, Washington, D.C.; J. Gay Seabourne,
Washington, D.C.; Bert Sheldon, Washington, D.C.; John Y.
Simon, Cambridge, Mass.; Philip Van Doren Stern, Brooklyn,
N.Y.; S. K. Stevens, Harrisburg, Pa.; Samuel G. Stoney, Charles-
ton, S. C; Benjamin P. Thomas, Springfield, 111.; Gilbert Twiss,
Chicago, 111.; Kenneth Urquhart, New Orleans, La.; Frank E.
Vandiver, Houston, Tex.; Ezra J. Warner, La Jolla, Calif.; Bell
1. Wiley, Emory, Ga.; K. P. Williams, Bloomington, Ind.
Index
Index
Abolitionism, 2, 8, 76, 235
Abolitionists, 14, 30, 74, 198, 209; Douglas, 45; secession, 200; slavery, 85
Adams, Charles F., 243
Adams, Jr., Charles F.: Deep South, 198; Lincoln, 226-27, 269; Republican Party, 247; Seward, 247, 248, 288, 292; Sumner, 243
Adams, H. A., 277, 283
Adams, Henry, 269
Adams, J. H., 157
Alabama: anti-secessionism, 189, 237; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 71; Charleston Democratic conventions, 26; Charleston secession convention, 132; Democratic state convention, 26; election of 1860, presidential, 108; secession, Jan. 11, 1861, 187; secession convention, 109, 189
Alcorn, James L., 189
Alden, James, 350
Alexander, Edward Porter, 405-6, 455, 458, 519 n.
Alexandria, Va., 363-64, 393, 394
Allegheny county, 110 American party, 13. See also
Know-Nothing party American Revolution, 206 "Anaconda plan," 442-43 Anderson, Robert: assignment to Charleston forts, 143; Beauregard, 255, 306; bombardment, notice of, 313;
Buell memorandum, 147-48; career, 143, 144; defense measures, 156, 249; faith of, 149; Floyd, 143, 147, 162; Fox, 282; Fox relief expedition, 297-98; on garrison, 150; importance of, 166, 170; instructions to, 143, 146-47, 148-49, 153, 179; in Kentucky, 372; Lamon, 283; loyalty of, 229, 307; move to Fort Sumter, 153-57; Pickens, 183-84; popular hero, 205; public support, 175-76; reinforcements, 144, 147, 178-79, 263, 274, 278, 281, 282; relief expedition of Jan. 9, 1861, 181-83; reports of, 144-45, 147, 157, 174-75, 178, 307; retirement hearings, 493 n.; supplies, 263, 311, 312, 504 n.; surrender decision, 325; surrender demands, 184, 309-11, 311-12, 313; on Union, 150 Andrew, John A., 54, 206, 242, 243
Annapolis, Md., 354 Annapolis Junction, 354 Annual message, of Buchanan,
123, 124, 129 Anti-Lecompton men, 13 Anti-secessionism: Alabama,
109, 237; cotton states, 237;
Deep South, 189; Delaware,
193-94; Maryland, 194 Anti-secession resolutions, 193-
94, 270-71 Antietam, 79
Arkansas: Baltimore Democratic conventions, 71; Charleston Democratic conventions, 26; legislature, 195; peace convention, 240; secession, May 6, 1861, 365, 368-69; secessionism, 195-96; unionism, 195
Arlington, Va., 467
Arlington Heights, Va., 393
Army. See Confederate Army, U. S. Army and Union Army
Arnold, Benedict, 165
Arnold, Isaac, 53
Arrests, 357; of Merryman, 359-60
Arsenals: Augusta, 187; Baton Rouge, 187; Charleston, 141-42, 150, 151, 156, 164; Harper's Ferry, 336; Little Rock, 195-96; Mount Vernon, Ala., 187; Pittsburgh, 176; St. Louis plot, 374-83; seizure of, 156, 164, 187, 196, 335-36
Artillery, 176, 178, 181-82, 314, 316, 318-19, 320, 321, 358, 468
Ashmun, George, 55, 332 Assassination plots, 224-25, 262 Assistant Secretary of State,
U. S., Trescott, 128, 172 Associated Press, 332 Atlanta, Ga., 7
Attorney General, U. S.: Bates, 247; Black, 123; Stanton, 159
Augusta, 121, 188
Baker, Edward D., 265 Baltic, 298, 320, 321, 324 Baltimore: alert in, 467; assassination plots, 223-26; Front Street Theater, 69, 71; Gil-more House, 70; Maryland Institute, 76; military rule, 357-58; riot of Apr. 19, 1861, 343-46, 507 n. Baltimore American, 279 Baltimore conventions: anti-Douglas group, 76-78; Constitutional Union party, May 9, 1860, 47-48; Democratic
party, June 18, 1860, 39, 45, 69-78, Alabama, 71, anti-Douglas group, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76-78, meeting of, 76-78, credentials committee, 70, 71, Cushing, 69, 73, 74, delegations, controversy over, 70, 71, 73, 75, Douglas, letter of withdrawal, 72-73, 75, nomination of, 71, 73, 75, supporters, 70, 71, 73, 75; gallery, 70, 73, 74; nominations, 75, 77; walkout, 73-74
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 224, 344, 354, 358, 409, 447
Baltimore Sun, 76, 77
Baldwin, John B., 300
Barksdale, William, 23
Barlow, Samuel L. M., 410
Barnwell, Robert W., 131, 157, 181, 216, 259
Bartow, Francis S., 458, 459, 478
Bartow, Mrs. Francis S., 477, 478
Bates, Edward: Attorney General, 247; Chicago Republican convention, 52, 60, 63; forts crisis, 279, 287
Bates, House, 219
Baton Rouge, La., 121, 187
Battles: Big Bethel skirmish, 440-41; Boonville skirmish, 389-90; Bull Run, first battle of. See Bull Run, first battle of; Bunker Hill skirmish, 448; Philippi skirmish, 410, 411; Rich Mountain skirmish, 413; South Mountain, 188, 316
Bayard, James, 38
Beauregard, Pierre G. T.: Anderson, 255, 306; battle plan for Bull Run, 446, 454, 458; at Bull Run, first battle of, 451-52, 455, 458, 459, 462, 468; career, 254; espionage system, 446, 448; Fort Sumter, 254-55, 306, bombardment, 310-11, fire order, 311, 313, forces of, 319, Fox expedition, 322, instructions to, 304, 311, preparations, 254-55, 264, 275, 308, surrender demand, 309;
Manassas, 405, 406, 435; Manassas Junction, 440, 448; South Carolina commissioners, 295 Bee, Barnard, 457, 459-60 Bell, John, 58, 101, 260, 367; career, 47; election returns, 113, 236; on national unity, 109; presidential candidate, 47, 48, 69 Benjamin, Judah P., 259 Bennett, James Gordon, 265 Biddle, Nicholas, 507 n. Big Bethel skirmish, 440-41 Bingham, John, 427 Black, Jeremiah S., 165, 173, 174; Attorney General, 123; Buell memorandum, 162; on federal powers, 125-26; Secretary of State, 159 Blackburn Ford, 451, 453 Black Republican, 78 Black Republicans, 5, 8, 9 Blair, Austin, 62 Blair family, 52, 247 Blair, Francis P., 14-15, 16, 62,
170-71, 247 Blair, Jr., Francis P., 376-78,
379, 386, 387, 421 Blair, Montgomery, 159, 274, 275, 389; description, 285; on Fort Pickens, 286; Fort Sumter crisis, 279, 281; Postmaster General, 247 Blair, Mrs. Montgomery, 273 Blandovski, Constantine, 382 Blenker, Louis, 465, 466 Blockade, 262-63, 437, 442-43 Bocock, Thomas S., 13 Bonham, M. L., 146 "Bonnie Blue Flag, The," 190 Boonville skirmish, 389-90 Booth, John Wilkes, 225 Booty: Bull Run, 468; Camp
Jackson, 380-81 Border states, 52, 264; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 77; on call for troops, 334-35; compromise convention, 241. See also Peace convention; conditions in, 365; Constitutional Union convention, 48; Lincoln on, 202; Lincoln: inaugural, 270, war program, 423; Montgomery convention, 207; possible loss of, 334-35; secession, 139, 192-93, 203, 238, 365-73, of South Carolina, 139; slavery, 48, 116, 426-27; on Yancey, 210. See also Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Virginia, and West Virginia
Boston, 121
Boyce, W. W., 146
Boycott, 331
Bragg, Braxton, 277, 299
Breckinridge, John, 101, 102, 106; Constitutional Democratic nominee, 69, 77; election of 1860, presidential, 103, 113, 236; Floyd, resignation of, 174; Lee on, 68; Senator, U. S., 369, 419, 425; on Union, 109; Vice-President, 69, 174
Breshwood, J. G, 190-91
Brierfield, 214
Britain. See England
Brown, George William, 344, 345, 346, 358
Brown, John, 2, 32, 35, 48, 88; importance of, 17-18, 19-20, 216; last words, 418; Wise, 40, 335
Brown, Joseph E., 207
Browning, Orville Hickman, 396
Buchanan, James: administration, 13, 55, Baltimore Democratic conventions, 75, Buchanan on, 264-65, Charleston forts, 143, 149, 159, 179, Charleston Democratic conventions, 3, 33, Cobb on, 159, Davis on, 192-93, Fort Sumter, 178, 179, forts construction of, 178, 179, scandals, 173-74, 176, secession, 122-23, 129, 165, 186-87; annual message, 123, 124, 129; Buell memorandum, 148; cabinet, 127, 162, on annual message, 124-25, 129, forts issue, 158, 161, 164, Lincoln inaugural, 263, members, 123, 158-59, 173, 174; Charleston forts, 148, 157-58, 170, 171. See also Forts, truce agreement and South Carolina commissioners; Charleston Democratic conventions, 27-28; Congress, 121, 151; as Dpuguface, 122; estimate of own administration, 264; Floyd, resignation of, 174; Fort Pickens, 276-277; forts truce agreement, 146, 161-82; general convention, 124-25, 126-27; homestead bill, 23; insurrection rumors, 124; Kansas, admission of, 44; at Lancaster, 264-65; last day in office, 263-65; Lincoln inaugural, 263, 265; military appropriations, 121; at New Year's reception, 177; ordnance scandal, 176; Pickens, 135, 151-52; Slidell, 3; South Carolina commissioners, 145-46, 157 ff., 161 ff., 171, 175, 178; Stanton, 165, 279, 352
Buell, Don Carlos, 147-48, 162; memorandum, 147-48, 162
Bullen, Sarah, 478
Bullen, Sullivan, 478
Bull Run, first battle of, 443-69; advance of Union Army, 449-51, 452-53, 455; arrival of Johnston, 448, 449, 454, 458; assessment of, 469; attack by Union Army, 456-62; booty, 468; casualties, 468, 471, 477; Confederate Army, 451-52, 453, 458-59, 460, 467; Confederate plans, 446, 454, 458; Confederate preparations, 451-52; Confederate realignment, 458-59; discipline of troops, 444, 449-50, 451, 455, 458, 469, 519-20 n.; first encounter, 451; Henry house hill, 457-58, 459, 461, 462, 464; leadership, 460, 461; panic of Union Army, 466, 470; prisoners, 468; pursuit by Confederates, 468-69; reaction to, 470 ff.; retreat of Union Army, 462-63, 464-65; spectators at, 464, 465, 466, 470; Stonewall Jackson legend, 459-60; Union Army, 448-
54, 456, 460, 461, 518 n.; Union plans, 443-45, 453-54
Bull Run river, 451, 452, 453, 455, 461, 465
Bull Run valley, 452
Bunker Hill, 447, 448
Bunker Hill skirmish, 448
Burnside, Ambrose E., 455, 456-57, 460
Bushwhackers, 417
Butler, Benjamin (Ben): at Annapolis, 353-54; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 74; Big Bethel, 440-41; Charleston Democratic conventions, 10-11, 29-30, 34, 39; description, 10; Fort Monroe, 359; military rule by, 358-59; Schurz on, 358-59; slaves as contraband, 397-401, 426-28
Cabinets: Pierce, 192. See also under Buchanan, Davis, and Lincoln
Cadwalader, George, 359, 360
Calhoun, John C, 2, 18, 138
California, 77, 239
Call for troops proclamation, 330-31, 365, 366, 373; border states, 334-35
Camels, 234
Cameron, Simon: Chicago convention deal, 60-61, 248; corruption, 404; description, 285; election of 1860, state, 104; forts issue, 281, 289; Hicks, 344; presidential candidate, 51, 62; Secretary of War, 248; slaves as contraband, 398-400 Camp Cooper, Tex., 235 Camp Jackson affair, 378-80, 388
Camp Mason, Tex., 235
Camp Verde, Tex., 229
Campbell, John A.: forts issue, 294-96, 302-3; Lincoln inaugural, 499 n.; Seward, 244-45, 248, 294-96, 301-302
Cannons. See Artillery
Carpenter, S. D., 234
Cartter, D. K., 63-64
Cary, J. B., 398
Casey, Joseph, 60-61
Cass, Lewis, 123, 125, 159 Castle Pinckney, 4, 136, 144;
seizure, 156, 158 Casualties: Baltimore riot, 346, 507 n.; Bull Run, first battle of, 468, 471, 477; Fort Sumter, 334; St. Louis riot, 382-83
Catholicism, in politics, 92
Catholics, 48
Catholic schools, 58
Caucuses: Chicago Republican convention, 59-60; cotton-state delegates, 25-26, 27; Senate Democratic, 19, 41
Centreville, Md., 450, 452, 453, 454, 465, 466, 467, 468
Chandler, Zachariah, 240
Charleston, S. C, 24, 49, 153; arsenal, 141-42, 150, 151, 156, 164; Battery, 4, 111; Broad Street, 133; Charleston Hotel, 1; Charleston Theater, 38; Cummings Point, 316, 321; description, 3-4, 35; election of 1860, presidential, 111, 112; forts, 136, 141, 156. See also Castle Pinckney, Fort Moultrie, and Fort Sumter, and under name of Presidents; Institute Hall, 6, 24, 38, 39, 132; Military Hall, 38; Mills House, 132; "public mind" of, 143; St. Andrews' Hall, 35, 132-33. See also Secession Hall; Secession Hall, 134, 135. See also St. Andrews' Hall; slavery in, 4-5
Charleston Courier, 476
Charleston conventions: Constitutional Democratic party, May 1, 1860, 35, 38-40; Democratic party, April 23, 1860, 1, 3, 24-39, 45, 50, 69, 479 n., Alabama, 26, anti-Douglas group, 1, 25, 26, 27, 33, 36, 37-40, balloting, 37, 39, Butler report, 29-30, 34, chairman, Cush-ing as, 28, 32, 36, 37, 39, character of, 10, committee reports, 28-30. 33, 34, cotton states, 25-26, 27, 34, 40, Davis resolutions, 18, Douglas group, 25, 28, 30, 33, 34-35, Douglas platform, 30, 34, 35, extremists, 26, galleries, 24, 31, 33, 37, 62, nominations, 36-37, platforms, 29-30, 34, as rump convention, 38, 39, unit rule, 25, 28, walkout, 34, 39-40, 71; secession, of South Carolina, Dec. 18, 1860, 132-33, 134-35, federal property, 136, ordinance of secession, 133, proclamations, 137-38 Charleston Mercury, 26-27; on election of 1860, presidential, 112; on Lincoln, 95, 270; on reconstruction, 258; on secession, 105; on Seward, 95 Charlestown, Va., 13, 448 Chase, Salmon P., 245, 249, 265; Chicago Republican convention, 60, 62, 64; description of, 42, 285; forts issue, 281, 286-87; as presidential candidate, 52; as Secretary of the Treasury, 247
