by Bruce Catton
Chattel slavery, 7. See also Slavery
Chenery House, 217
Chesnut, Jr., James, 112, 128, 131, 309 fi., 318
Chesnut, Mary Boykin, 88, 128, 166, 309, 314 ff., 478
Chew, Robert S., 303
Chicago: Board of Trade, 55; Briggs House, 65; description, 49-50; Republican convention of, 1860. See Republican convention; Richmond House, 50, 55, 56, 62: Tre-mont Hotel, 51, 57, 60, 65; Wigwam, 49, 54, 61
Chicago Tribune, 51, 61, 65, 202
Chickamauga Creek, 78 Chisholm, James A., 309, 313 Churches, Negro, 5 Cincinnati, Ohio, 91; boycott in, 333
Cincinnati Commercial, 7, 59, 267
Cincinnati convention, 1856, 30; platform, 29, 34, 38
Cincinnati Daily Times, 102-3 Citadel cadets, 132, 180 Civil War: beginning, 315, possible, 231; Clay, Cassius on, 66-67; Corwin on, 198-99; Davis on, 192-93; declaration of: Confederate, May 6, 1861, 364, U. S., April 15, 1861, 330-31; first shots, 180, 315, 316; language problem, 310; legends. See Legends; object of, 399; songs. See Songs; talk of, 23, 73; Trescott on, 174 Clark, J. B., 13, 16 Clark resolution, 13 Clay, Cassius, 65-67, 348 Clay, Henry, 48 Clemens, Jeremiah, 189 Clemens, Sherrard, 249 Cleveland, Lincoln in, 221 Cobb, Howell: in Buchanan cabinet, 123, 125, 127, 159, 173; Confederate presidential candidate, 211-12; on cotton, importance, 439; Davis inaugural, 256; Montgomery convention, 206; on Richmond as capital, 392; U. S. Secretary of the Treasury, 123 Cobb, Thomas R. R., 213, 215,
236, 269-70, 477 Coercion, doctrine of, 107,
194, 219, 333 Cohen, Solomon, 36-37 Cold Harbor, Va., 79 Collamer, Jacob, 422 Columbia, District of, militia, 262
Columbia, S. C, 131, 132
Columbia, U.S.S., 349
Columbia secession convention, Dec. 17, 1860, 130-32
Columbiads, 176, 316, 318-19. See also Artillery
Columbus, Ohio, Lincoln in, 221
Columbus, U.S.S., 349
Comet of 1861, Thatcher's,
428, 431 Commerce, in South, 436-38.
See also South, economy Commissioners: Confederate.
See Confederate commissioners; of S. C, 136, 157 ff., 161 ff., 171, 175, 178. See also Adams, J. H., Barnwell, R. W., and Orr, J. L. Committee on Military Affairs, 122
Committee on Naval Affairs, 260
Committee to Prepare an Ordinance of Secession, 133
Communications. See Telegraph system
Compromise of 1850, 29
Compromise efforts, 1860-61, 198-204; Congress, U. S., 198-99; Corwin, 198-99; Crittenden peace plan, 195, 199, 200, 240, 262; Douglas, 198; firmness, show of, 202-203; House of Representatives, U. S., 198; Lincoln, 20i-2; peace convention. See Peace conference; South, 203
Confederate agents, 437-38
Confederate Army: at Bull Run, first battle of, 451-52, 453, 458-59, 460, 467; Davis, J., and, 211; formation, 260; at Fort Sumter, 319; at Manassas Junction, 444, 446; at Philippi, 410, 411; in Shenandoah Valley, 405, 444, 445; strength, 341, 405; S. C. troops, 252; state of readiness, 403, 405-6; supplies, impressing, 416; uniforms, 451-52; Virginia troops, 405
Confederate commissioners: to Europe, 340. See also Mann, A. D., Rost, P. A., and Yancey, W. L.; for cession of Federal property, 260, 280, 294, 296-97, 301 ff., 517 n. See also Crawford, M. J., Forsyth, J., and Roman, A. B.
Confederate Congress: act of war, 364; after Bull Run, 476; Davis, J., message of, 434; Davis, V. H., on, 362; description, 362; on Maryland, 355; military preparations, 260; origin, 207; powers of, 209; president of, 256; in Richmond, 434; secrecy, 207; and U. S. property, 251 Confederate Constitution, 207, 208-10
Confederate Department of
State, 206; Secretary of, 259 Confederate Secretary of Navy,
Mallory, S. R., 276 Confederate Secretary of State,
Toombs, 206, 259 Confederate Secretary of War,
Walker, L. P., 303, 304, 311,
326
Confederate States of America (C.SA.), Feb. 4, 1861: act of war, 364; arms production, 336, Army. See Confederate Army; Bull Run, first battle of, 476-78; capital, 206; commissioners. See Confederate commissioners; Committee on Naval Affairs, 260; convention of alliance, 363; credit, 340; declaration of war, May 6, 1861, 364; flag of, 260; foreign relations, 340, 341, 436; government, 205, 206, 207, 210, 238, 340; growth of, 365-66; hopes for, 185-86; invasion of, first, 392-93; limitations of, 438-39; members, 205, 206, 236, 366, 367, 368-69; military preparations, 363, 374-75, 406; Montgomery convention, 205-13; nature of, 237, 239; policy of, 390-91; presidency, 209, 210-13, provisional, 207; presidential candidates, 210-13; as Republic of Washington, 208; strength of, 433; Virginia, importance of, 196, 333. See also Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Southern Confederacy, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia
Confederate War Department, 252; Secretary of, 303, 304, 318
Congress. See Confederate Congress and U. S. Congress
Congressional Globe, 23
Connecticut River, 82
Constitution: Confederate. See Confederate Constitution; U. S. See U. S. Constitution
Constitutional Democratic party, 35, 66, 69; convention, May 1, 1860, 35, 38-40
Constitutional Union party, 47, 58, 69; convention, May 9, 1860, 47-48
Contraband camp, 399
Contraband of war: beer, 385; slaves, 397-401, 426, 428; smuggling of, 333
Convention of alliance, 363
Conventions: anti-Douglas group: at Baltimore, 76 78, at Charleston, 36, 37-40; Baltimore. See Baltimore conventions; Charleston. See Charleston conventions; Chicago. See Republican convention; Cincinnati, 1856, 30; Columbia secession, Dec. 17, 1860, 130-32; compromise, 241. See also under Peace; Confederate, 210-13; Constitutional Democratic: at Baltimore, 76-78, at Charleston, 36, 37-40; Constitutional Union, May 9, 1860, 47-48; Democratic party: at Baltimore, 39, 45, 69-78, at Charleston, 1, 3, 24-39, 46, 50, 69, 479 n., at Cincinnati, 1856, 30; general, 124, 126; Know-Noth-ing, 1856, 52; Lecompton, 44; Montgomery, 210-13; peace, Feb. 4, 1861, 239-41, 242, 246; Republican, May 16, 1860, 9, 34, 45, 54-67, 80, 95; Richmond, June 11, 1860, 40, 71, 77; rump, 38, 39; secession: of S. C, 132-38, of states. See Secession conventions; state. See State conventions; Wigwam, 90. See also Republican Cooper, Samuel, 157, 174 Cooper Institute, 20, 90 Corruption, 123, 173, 176, 404
Corwin, Tom, 198-99; compromise, 198-99, 264
Cosle, Capt., 174
Cotton, 82, 138, 237, 341, 436
Cotton belt, 206, 209. See also Cotton states
Cotton states: anti-secessionism, 189, 237; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 79; Charleston Democratic conventions, 25-26, 27, 34, 40; as cotton belt, 206, 209; democracy, 209; as Gulf Squadron, 193, 202; ordinances of secession, 189; secession, 117, 127, 193, 236-37; union of, 166; Yancey, 1. See also Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas
Cox, Jacob D., 411, 514 n.
Crawford, Martin J., 260, 269, 293-94
Crawford, Samuel W., 155, 156 Credit, of C. S. A., 340 Crittenden, John L, 244, 245, 369; career, 48; compromise proposal, 195, 199, 200, 240, 262; Constitutional Union convention, 48 Crockett. Davy, 230 Cuba, 30, 77 Cub Run, 464, 465, 468 Cumberland, U.S.S., 350 Cummings Point, 316, 321 Curry, J. L. M., 190 Curtin, Andrew, 60 Curtis, George W., 50 Cushing, Caleb, 112, 135; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 69, 73, 74, 76, 78; Charleston Democratic conventions, 28, 32-33, 36, 37, 39
Customs house, seizure of, 190 Cuthbert, George, 316
Dahlgren smoothbores, 178 Dana. Richard Henry, 226 Danton, Georges Jacques, 132 Dardingkiller, Frederick, 188 Darrow, Caroline, 231 Davis. David: Cameron deal, 60-61, 248; at Chicago Republican convention, 5, 51-
52, 53, 55, 57, 59, 60; on Douglas, 104; state elecjons of 1860, 104; on Washington journey, 223
Davis, Garrett, 371
Davis, Jefferson, 216-17; Beauregard, 253-54; birthplace, 66, 369; at Brierfield, 2i4, 217; on Buchanan administration, 192-93; at Bull Run, 468-69. See also Manassas; Butler, 39; cabinet, 258-59, 303-4; on Civil War, 192-93
,
213, 260; commissioners, for
cession of Federal property,
260; on conciliation, 215,
341; Confederate Congress,
message to, 434-35; Confed-
erate presidency, 210-14, 218,
221, 256-58; description, 362-
63; on election of 1860, 105;
as fire-eater, 19; forts issue,
158, 251-53, 253, 311, 342;
health, 191, 362-63, 404; in-
auguration, Feb. 18, 1861,
256-57; Kentucky, 370, 371;
letter in Mississippi Free
Trader, 105; on Lincoln. 192;
as major general, 190; at
Manassas, 463. See also at
Bull Run; Montgomery jour-
ney, 214-15, 219; on party
split, 41; Pickens, 185-86,
187, 251-53; on reconstruc-
tion, 257; resolutions, 18-19,
26, 41-45; Richmond journey,
404-5; St. Louis arsenal plot,
374-75, 377; secession. 10-
77, 117, 213; as Secretary of
War, U. S., 185, 234-35;
Senator, U. S., 18, 42-44,
122, resignation, 191-92: on
slavery, 21, 105, 200; S. C,
control over, 260: on Union,
19; Yancey on, 19, 288
Davis resolutions, 18-19, 26, 41-45
Davis, Robert W., 346
Davis, Varina Howell, 191,
214, 341, 362, 477.
Dayton, William L, 364-65
Decatur, 111., 65, 110
"Declaration of the Immediate
Causes which Indrcp Justify the Secession of South
Carolina from the Federal Union," 137
Declaration of Independence, 55, 86, 222
Declaration of war, by Confederacy, 364
Deep South, 76; anti-secession-ism, 188; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 74; election of 1860, 110-12; secession, meaning of, 123, response to S. C. secession, 138-39. See also South
Delaware, 51, 193
Delaware, U.S.S., 349
Democracy, One and indivisible, 5, 8, 69, 72, 74, 92
Democracy, The, 8, 27, 29, 31, 44
Democracy of the Union, 37 Democratic National Committee, 76
Democratic party: Baltimore convention, June 18, 1860, 39, 45, 69-78; Charleston convention, Apr. 23, 1860, 1, 3, 24-39, 45, 50, 69, 479 n.; as Constitutional Democratic party, 36, 38-40, 66, 69; as Democracy, One and indivisible, 5, 8, 69, 72, 74, 92; as Democracy, The, 8, 27, 29, 31, 44; as Democracy of the Union, 37; hope for, 41-42; National Committee, 76; as National Democratic party, 69; New York Times on, 40; Northern wing, 69, 331; platform, 28, 28-30, 33, 34; on slavery, 5; Southern control, 18, 41, 44; split in, 1, 34, 35, 88; state convention, 26; threat to, 19; Union, support of, 331; unity, need for, 8-9
Democratic state convention, 26
Depot of Charts and Instruments, 429 DeSaussure, William F., 131 DeSaussure, Wilmot Gibbs, 174 Dickert, D. Augustus, 317 Dickinson, Daniel S., 37 Disunionism, 76 Dix, John A., 190-91 Dixon, James, 423
Doctrines: of coercion, 107, 194, 219, 333; Freeport, 7, 20, 44; on non-intervention, 18-19, 74, 76; of popular sovereignty, 8, 29, 34, 45, 74, 99; state-sovereignty, 18
Dodge, William D., 242
Dolphin, U.S.S., 349
Doubleday, Abner, 144, 154, 155, 180-82, 310, 500 n.
Doubleday, Mrs. Abner, 155, 281
Doughface, definition, 122
Douglas, Adele, 396
Douglas, Stephen A., 7-9, 90, 241, 245; abolitionists, 45; anti-Douglas group, 1, 25 ff., 33, 36, 37-40, 71 ff., 74 ff.; and Buchanan administration, 13, 23, 44, 122; character, 6; Charleston Democratic conventions. See Charleston conventions; compromise, 11, 198; on Constitution, 101, 102; Davis resolutions, 19, 20; Davis, D., on, 104; death, June 3, 1861, 395-97; election of 1860, 92-93, 97, 99-102, 104, 105, 109, 113, 118; electoral votes, possible, 9; Freeport doctrine, 7, 20, 44; Kansas, admission of, 6, 44-45; Lee on, 69; Lincoln, 20, 44, 266, 331-32; as Little Giant, 9, 11, 70; on national unity, 109; nomination, 37, 69, 73; non-intervention doctrine, 19, 74, 76; in Norfolk, 99-100, 117; on Northwest, 102; popular sovereignty, doctrine of, 8, 45; as presidential candidate, 6, 39, 41, 62, 74-75; in Raleigh, N. C, 102, 118; reactions to, 7-9, 11, 27-28; on reconstruction, 258; on secession, 101, 198; in Senate, 42: on slavery, 7, 22, 27, 99-100; Soule on, 75; South and, 11, .37-38, 78, 100, 106, 125; Stephens, 46; warning of, 30 Douglas, Mrs. Stephen A., 332 Drayton, Thomas L., 127, 127-28
Dred Scott decision, 269
Dry Tortugas, Fla., 275 Dubois, Jesse, 51 Duels, 2, 23, 238 Duke, Basil W., 374 Dutchmen, 381
Evans, Nathan (Shanks) G.,
454, 455-56, 456, 459 Evarts, William, 54, 62, 64 Everett, Edward, 48, 113, 120 Exchange Hotel, 215
Early, Jubal, 462 Education, aid to, 50 Election of 1840, 89, 91 Election of 1860, 89-119; assessments, 115-19; Bell, John, 102-3, 106, 109, 112; Breckinridge, 101, 103, 106, 109, 113, 236; campaign: 89, 93, newspapers, 91, songs, 92-93, 111, Republican, 97-98; Catholic issue, 92; confusion, 89, 109, 119; Davis, D., 104, 106; Democrats, 89; Douglas, 92-93, 97, 99-102, 104, 106, 109, 113, 118; election day, Nov. 6, 109-11; electoral college, 31, 43, 51; electoral votes, 9, 108; electors, 108; Indiana, 103, 106; Lincoln, 72, 91 ff., 97, 103, 106, 109 ff., 113-14; parades, 89, 90-92, 95, 97; Pennsylvania, 104, 106; "ratification meeting," 91; Republicans, 89, 97-99; returns, 109-11, 113, 236; Ruffin, 96; secession, issue of, 97, 101, 102, 109; Seward, 95-96, 97; South; Lincoln image in, 95, 100, reactions in, 104-9, 112-14; South Carolina, 107-9, 112; Wide-Awake clubs, 90, 95; Yancey, 99 Elections: Congressional, 421;
state, 58, 104, 107, 128 Electoral college, 31, 43, 51 Electoral votes, 9, 108 Electors, South Carolina, 108 Ellis, John W., 107, 188, 334, 366
Ellsworth, Elmer, 217; death,
393-95, 512 n.-13 n. Emancipation, 66, 400 England, 82, 84, 289, 341, 436 Enlistment quotas, 332 Erwin, John, 71 Espionage, 446, 448, 518 n. Europe, 92, 128, 340, 436-37
Factories, 79
Factory system, 83
Fairfax Court House, 449, 450, 452, 467
Faneuil Hall, 328
Farley, Henry S., 314
Farming, scientific, 134
Felton, S. M., 224
Fernandina, Fla., 156
Field hands, 5, 83
Finances, of South, 82-83, 340
Finney, Charles G., 2
Fire-eaters, 158, 200; at Charleston Democratic conventions, 9; Confederacy, role in, 340, 341; Davis, 19, 117, 158, 259; at Montgomery convention, 208, 210; Prince of, 2. See also Yancey; Pryor, 177; reconstruction, 259; Yancey as, 1-3
Fire Zouaves. See New York Fire Zouaves
First shot at Sumter, 314-15, 316-17, 317
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin, 75
Florida: at Charleston Democratic conventions, 26; Lincoln election, 108; secession, Jan. 10, 1861, 185, 187, 276
Flournoy, T. B., 39, 74
Floyd, John B.: Anderson, 143, 147-49, 162; Breckinridge, 174; Buchanan, 120, 125, 173-74; Buell, 147, 149; forts issue, 121, 147, 150, 157, 159, 161; ordnance scandal, 176; resignation, 159, 173, 174; Russell, Majors, and Waddell scandal, 173-74, 176; Secretary of War, U. S., 123, 174, 176; in West Virginia, 417
Force bills, 263
Foreign-born, 48, 52, 60. See also Immigrants
"For God's Sake Linder," 25. See also Linder
Forsyth, John, 109, 260, 294 Fort Barrancas, 188, 276 Fort Caswell, 188, 366 Fort Gaines, 188 Fort Jackson, 120, 188 Fort Jefferson, 275, 286 Fort Johnson, 136, 154 Fort Johnston, 188, 366 Fort Leavenworth, 234 Fort Macon, 366 Fort MacRee, 110, 276 Fort Marion, 188 Fort Mason, 227 Fort Monroe, 120, 178 Fort Morgan, 120, 188 Fort Moultrie, 136, 145, 147, 149, 151; condition of, 142-43, 144, 149-50, 255; evacuation, 154-55; first shot fired, 316, 317; garrison, 120, 142, 153; seizure, 156, 158, 163, 164; Star of the West, 180, 181; under attack, 320-21 Fort Pickens, 274-78; Buchanan, 276-77; Lincoln, 275-79, 295; relief for, 288-89, 299; Scott, 120, 284,
285; Seward, 287, 288-89, 290, 301 Fort Pulaski, 120, 188 Fort Riley, 376 Fort St. Philip, 120, 188 Fort Ship Island, 176, 188 Fort Sumter, 4, 144, 147; Anderson at, 143. See also Anderson; bombardment, 313-16, 317-22, 323-24; Buchanan, 157, 161-62, 164, 165, 171, 177, 187, 274; casualties, 334; civilians at, 141, 147, 312, 319; damage at, 326; danger of, 207; defenses of, 249, 318-19; first shot at, 314-15, 316-17, 317; garrison, 147, 319, of South, 504 n.-5 n.; Lincoln, 263, 267, 268-69, 271, 273, 295, 296 ff., 303, 330; move to, 149, 153-57; Pickens, 151-52, 250-54; relief expeditions, 177-83, 273-75, 296-98, 300-1, 322-23, 326, 327; Scott, 120, 165-66; Seward, 279, 280, 287, 288-89; siege of, 185, 304-6; spectators, 320; supplies, 175, 185, 312; surrender, 324-26, demands, 184, 309-13; trade for Virginia, 300, 333; truce, Jan. 11, 1861, 184-85; value of, 144, 237-38 Fort Sumter Expedition. See Fort Sumter, relief expeditions
Fort Taylor, 275, 286
Forts: Buchanan, 144-46, 157-58, 161-65, 276; Castle Pinckney. See Castle Pinckney; at Charleston. See Castle Pinckney, Charleston forts, Fort Moultrie, and Fort Sumter; Confederate commissioners, 260, 280, 294, 296-97, 300-301, 303, 517 n.; construction of, 176; Davis, L, 158, 251-54, 304, 311, 342; Lincoln, 170-71, 219-20, 271, 273 ff.; Pickens, 151-52, 170, 179, 183, 186, 250-54, 295; return of, 188; Scott, 119-21, 163, 165-66,
179, 278-79, 284, 285; Seward, 287-88, 288-89, 294-96, 300-1; seizure of, 187, 275, 366; South Carolina commissioners, 136, 145-46, 157, 158, 161, 165, 170, 175,
489 n.; truce agreements, 146-47, 161-62, 276
"Forward to Richmond," 441,
443, 471 Foster, J. G., 150, 153, 155,
156, 182 Fox, Gustavus V., 273, 274,
279, 282, 297-98, 300; on
Anderson, 307; Charleston
harbor, 322 France, 3, 82, 84, 291, 436 Franklin, Tenn., 106 Free-farm system, 84. See also
Homestead bill Freeport, 111., 44 Freeport doctrine, 7, 20, 44 Fremont, John Charles, 474 Free-Soilers, 22, 57, 58 Free staters, 44 "Frontier Guards," 348 Front Street Theater, 69, 71 Frost, D. M., 375, 378, 379-80 Fugitive slave laws, 19, 21-22,
30, 48, 197, 198, 398; in
Confederate Constitution, 208
Galveston, Tex., 176 Gardner, John L., 141, 143 Garnett, Robert S., 411, 412, 413
