by Bruce Catton
Newspapers: on Anaconda plan, 443; Baltimore Sun, 76, 77; campaign, 92. See also Railsplitter, The; Charleston
Mercury. See Charleston Mercury; Chicago Tribune, 51, 61, 65, 202; Cincinnati Commercial, 7, 59, 267; Illinois State Journal, 91, 92; London Times. See London Times; Louisville Journal, 416; military secrets, 447; Mississippi Free Trader, 105; Missouri Republican, 378; Mobile Register, 109; Montgomery Post, 223; Montgomery Weekly Advertiser, 256, 270, 392; New Orleans Daily True Delta, 105, 205; New York Herald. See New York Herald; New York Times. See New York Times; Pittsburgh Gazette, 103; Rail-splitter, The, 92, 99; Richmond Dispatch, 9, 34, 40; Richmond Enquirer, 95; Richmond Examiner, 361; on St. Louis arsenal plot, 378; Wheeling Intelligencer, 410
New York (city), 121; Cooper Institute, 20, 90; Democratic boss, 1. See also Wood, Fernando; Governor's Island, 178; independence for, 200; Lincoln in, 20, 90, 221-22; Seward in, 96
New York (state): Baltimore Democratic conventions, 71-72, 77; election of 1860, 110, 111; legislature, 202, 221; Lincoln in, 221-22; pro-Union resolutions, 202; Republican national convention, 50, 52
New York, U.S.S., 349
New York Fire Zouaves, 393-94, 462
New York Herald: comet of 1861, 428; compromise and Lincoln, 201; inaugural address, 269; inauguration of Davis, 257; Lincoln's journey, 218, 219, 222-23; mood of South, 214-15; peace convention, 240
New York Times, 169; Charleston conventions, 40; Gosport Navy Yard loss, 351; South
Carolina secession, 132, 135-36
New York Tribune, 60, 115, 472; Confederate troops, 403; "Forward to Richmond," 441; peace convention, 240
New York volunteer regiments: 7th, 348, 353-54, 354-55; 69th, 450-51
Nicolay, John G.: Bull Run defeat, 473; election day, 110-11; on Lincoln, 115; disguise for Lincoln, 496 n.; secretary for Lincoln, 94; Washington journey, 217
Noncombatants, fury of, 327
Non-intervention doctrine, 18-19, 74, 76
Non-slaveholders, 203, 204
Norfolk, Va., 139, 178; Douglas in, 99-101; Navy Yard, 24, 349. See also Gosport Navy Yard
North: Anderson, 199; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 73, 77; Charleston forts crisis, 175-76; compromise in, 199-200; economy of, 516 n.-7 n.; election of 1860, 113, 200; electoral votes, 9; growth, 485 n.; industrialization, 83-84; Lincoln's Washington journey, 219; Montgomery convention, 308; Negroes, 86; optimism, 199; race equality, 203; railroads, 438; Republican victory, meaning of, 123; South, attitude of, 362; Union versus slavery, 200; war enthusiasm, 332-33; war over abstraction, 172. See also Union and United States of America
North Carolina: legislature, 194, 366; Lincoln election, 107; plebiscite, 194; secession, 193, 365, 366, convention, 194, 366; secessionism, 187-89; seizure of forts, 194; unionism, 194, 366
Northern Democrats, 8, 11, 32
Northwest: Charleston Democratic conventions, 38; Davis resolutions, 19; Douglas, 6-7, 102; election of 1860, 110;
electoral votes, 9; Lincoln nomination, 66; presidential candidate from, 93. See also Middle West; Republican national convention, 47 Nullification days, 112
Occupation, military, problems of, 416-17
Ohio: anti-secession resolution, 271; legislature, 221; pro-Union resolution, 202
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, 408
Ohio River, 371
Ohio Valley, 216
"Oh Isn't He a Darling," 55
Old South, 237
Olmstead, Frederick Law, 86
One and Indivisible Democracy. See under Democratic party
Ordinances of secession: cotton states, 189; Missouri, 384; South Carolina, 133, 138, 163; Tennessee, 194-95; Texas, 196, 236; Virginia, 335, 363
Ordnance Board, 127
Ordnance scandal, 176
Oregon, 239
Orr, James L., 157, 162
Ostend Manifesto, 258
Pacific Coast states, 73 Pacific Railroad, 30, 56, 77, 239
Palmetto Guards, 316
Panic, at Bull Run, first battle
of, 486 Panic of 1857, 173 Parades, election, 89, 90-92, 95,
97
Parkman, Francis, 423
Parties: American, 13. See also Know-Nothing party; Constitutional Democratic, 35, 38-40, 66, 69; Constitutional Union, 47-48, 58, 69; Democratic. See Democratic party; Know-Nothing. See American and Know-Nothing party; Republican. See Republican party
Patronage: Buchanan, 33, 264;
Cameron, 60, 404; as currency of politics, 53; Lincoln, 239, 266, 332, 345; Republican party, 51
Patterson, Robert: career, 445; delay tactics of, 446, 447-48; Harper's Ferry, 454, Scott, 445-46, 517 n.-18 n.
Paulding, Hiram, 350
Pawnee, U.S.S., 298, 322, 323, 349, 350, 351
Peace conference, Feb. 4, 1861, 246; members, 239-40; Michigan, 270; origin, 239; Sumner on, 241
Pearce, James A., 265
Peculiar institution, 5, 9, 85, 116. See also Slavery
Pendergast, G. J., 350
Pennington, William, 17
Pennsylvania: elections of 1860: presidential, 110, state, 104, 106; militia, 507 n.; Republican boss, 60. See Cameron, S.; Republican convention, 57, 58; volunteers, in Baltimore riot, 343, 345, 346
Pennsylvania, U.S.S., 349, 351
Pensacola, Fla., 139, 276; Harbor, 119, 275
Perry, B. F., 37
Perry, M. S., 108
Petersburg, 139
Petigru, James Louis, 133-35,
140, 283 Pettigrew, J. Johnson, 151 Pettus, John J., 107 Philadelphia, Pa., 110; Lincoln
in, 222
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railway, 224, 344
"Philippi races," 411
Philippi skirmish, 410, 411
Phillips, Wendell, 200
Piatt, Donn, 118
Pickens, Francis W., 170; Anderson, 183-84; Beauregard, 254; Buchanan, 135, 151, 186; career, 135; Confederate Congress, 251-52; dishing, 135; Davis, J., 185-86, 187, 251-53; Fort Sumter, 151-52, 174, 179, 250-54, demand for, 151, impatient for, 250-54; Fox, 281, relief expedition, 298; governor of S. C, 131; Miles, 250-51, 253; on secession, 135; Seward, 296; Simonton, 152; Trescott, 151; Yancey, 253 Pierce, Franklin, 192 Pierpont, Francis H., 411, 415 Pinkerton, Allan, 224, 225, 226 Pittsburgh, Pa., 121, 221; arsenal, 176 Pittsburgh Gazette, 103 Planters, 2, 14, 83, 84, 216, 259
Platforms: Cincinnati convention, 1856, 29, 34, 38; Constitutional Democratic party, 38-39, 77; Constitutional Union party, 48; Democratic party, 28-30, 34, anti-Douglas group, 38-39, 77; Republican party, 55-56
Plebiscites, 194. See also Referendum
Plymouth, U.S.S., 349
Plymouth Rock, 79
Pocahontas, U.S.S., 298, 323
Pollard, E. A., 476
Pope, John, 218
Popular sovereignty doctrine, 8, 29, 34, 45, 74, 99
Population, U. S., 83
Porter, David Dixon, 290, 300, 322
Porter, Fitz John, 142, 143
Portsmouth, 139
Postmaster General. See U. S.
Postmaster General Post offices, seizure of, 164 Potomac River, 445, 448, 467,
469; bridges, 467, 469 Potter, John, 23 Powell, Lazarus, 423 Powhatan, U.S.S., 298, 300,
322, 323 Presidential election, Nov. 6,
1860. See Election of 1860 Presidents: Pierce. 192. Sec also
Buchanan, Davis, Jefferson,
and Lincoln Price, Sterling, 385-386, 388,
389, 390 Prince of Fire-Eaters, 2. See
Yancey, W. L. Prisoners, 468 Propaganda, 371-72
Protective tariffs. See Tariffs Pryor, Roger, 23, 308, 314,
324, 328 Pryor, Mrs. Roger, 177, 264 Pugh, George A., 32 Pugh, J. L., 190
Race equality, 203-4
Race problem, 85, 204
Railroads, 79, 83; Baltimore bottleneck, 243, 343; Baltimore & Ohio, 224, 344, 354, 358, 409, 447; to California, 30, 56, 77, 239; Confederacy, 447; in Constitutional Democratic platform, 77; in Democratic platform, 30; Illinois Central, 408; Mana
ssas Gap, 445, 447, 454; in North, 438; Ohio & Mississippi, 408; Philadelphia, Wilmington, & Baltimore, 224, 344; in Republican platform, 56; in South, 438-39; to Washington, 343, 344, 348-49, 358
Railsplitter, The, 92, 99
Raleigh, N. C, 102
Randall, Alexander, 270
Randall, James R., 355
Raritan, U.S.S., 349
"Ratification meeting," 91-92
Rattlesnake Shoal, 323
Ray, Charles H., 51, 53, 202
Raymond, Henry J., 169
Read House, 230-31
Reagan, John H., 259
Reconstruction, 258
Rector, Henry M., 196, 334
Referendum, 237; Texas secession, 229, 236
Reilly, James, 188-89
Relief expeditions: Fort Pickens, 288-89, 299; Fort Sumter: Fox, 273-74, 296-98, 300-1, 322-23, 326, 327, Star of the West, 178-83
Reno, Jesse L., 188
Reporters: at Bull Run, 462; Charleston Democratic conventions, 9, 24; Chicago Republican convention, 49. See also Greeley, H., Halstead, M., and Russell, W. H.
Republican convention, May
16, 1860, 9, 34, 45, 47, 80, 95; balloting, 63, 65-66; Cameron deal, 60-61, 248, 483 n.; celebrations, 50, 64-65; dark horse, Lincoln as, 52; galleries, 54, 62; Lincoln supporters, 51, 53, 57, 58, 62; nominations, 62-63; opening session, 54-55; packing of, 62; pivotal states, 57-59, 61-62; platform, 55-56; Seward, 50, 56, 58, 59, 63, supporters, 50, 53, 56, 57, 62, 63-65; slave states, 51; as Wigwam convention, 90, 92
Republican party, 5, 28, 39;
abolitionists in, 57; as Black
Republicans, 5, 8, 9; cam-
paign of, 1860, 97-98; Chi-
cago convention, 1860. See
Republican convention;
Clemens on, 248; in Congress, 421; convention of 1860. See Republican convention; election of 1860, 89, 97-98; Lincoln's status in, 20; marching clubs. See Wide-Awakes; platform, 55-56; rivalry in, 246-47; Seward, 20; slavery, 5, 116, 200; spirit of, 49; support of, 331; Wide-Awakes, 50, 90, 91, 95, 97, 106, 189, 376
Republic of Washington, 208
Resignations: Buchanan cabinet, 159, 173-74; federal officials, 164; Lee, R. E., 337-38, 339; Southern Senators, 112, 128, 191-92, 192-93
Resolutions: Charleston secession convention. 133; Clark, 13; Davis, 18-19, 26, 41-45; Yancey, 26
Resources, U. S., 83
Rhett, Robert Barnwell, 26-27, 105, 259; Charleston Democratic convention, 39; Charleston secession convention, 131; Davis, J., 213; foreign policy, 341; Montgomery convention, 210-11; program, 26-27
Rhett, Jr., Robert Barnwell, 117, 213, 259
Rhoda B. Shannon, U.S.S., 305 Richardson, W. A., 25, 34, 37,
72, 75-76 Richmond, Dean, 72, 73, 76 Richmond, Va., 77; conditions in, 403; as Confederate capital, 206, 391-92; "Forward to Richmond" efforts, 441 ff.; secessionist meeting, June 11, 1860, 40, 71, 77; Tredegar Iron Works, 438; Virginia secession convention. See under Virginia Richmond Dispatch, 9, 34, 40 Richmond Enquirer, 95, 405 Richmond Examiner, 361 Richmond House, 50, 55, 56, 62
Rich Mountain skirmish, 413
Ricketts, J. B., 461
Riots: Baltimore, 343-46, 507
n.; St. Louis, 381-83 Ripley, Roswell S., 128 Rives, William C, 241, 300,
335
Roanoke, U.S.S., 430, 431 Rochester, Pa., 221 Roman, A. B., 260, 294 Rosecrans, William S., 412, 467 Rost, Pierre A., 341, 436 Rowan, Stephen C, 322 Ruffin, Edmund: at Bull Run, 463, 465; election of 1860, 98; at Fort Sumter, 159, 318; legend of, 316-17, 318; secession, 98, 104-6; South Carolina secession, 134-35 Rump convention. See Charleston conventions Runyon, Theodore, 466 Russell, Charles W., 35, 73 Russell, John, 436 Russell, Majors, and Waddell, 173
Russell, William Howard, 284-85, 286, 302; Bull Run panic, 470; Confederate commissioners, 517 n.; in Montgomery, 361-62; on North Carolina, 327
Sabine, U.S.S., 277 St. Andrews' Hall, 35, 132-33. See also Secession Hall
St. Louis, Mo.: arsenal plot, 374-78; Camp Jackson, 377-79; home guard, 376-77, 378, 379, 380-81, 386; riot, 381-83
St. Paul, 96
San Antonio, Tex., 228 ff., 328 Sanders, George, 258 San Domingo, 88, 291 Sandy Hook, N. J., 178 Santa Rosa Island, Fla., 276 Savannah, Ga., 120 Schurz, Carl, 54, 328, 358-59 Scott, Winfield: Anaconda plan, 442-43, 444; assassination plot, 225; Baltimore, occupation of, 359; Buchanan, 120, 122, 165, administration, 177; Bull Run, first battle of, 467, 472; Butler, 359; confederacies, plan for, 120; disorders, suppression of, 225; Floyd, 120, 121; Fort Moultrie, 120; Fort Pickens, 120, 278-79, 284, 285-86, 289; Fort Sumter, 120, 163, 165-66, 177, 179, 272, 285-86; forts issue, 119-20, 122, 170; Fox, 274; health, 162, 163, 165; Lee, 228, 233, 234, 337, 338; Lincoln, 170, 357, 401, government, 262, inaugural, 262; McClellan, 413-14, plan, 442; McDowell, 467; Manassas Junction plan, 444, 445; Meigs plan, 289; military preparedness, 120, 122; Patterson, 445-46, 517 n.-18 n.; secession, 120; South, Unionism in, 444-45; Texas, defense of, 235; Twiggs, 229; on Union victory, 327; war plan, 442-43, 444; Washington, disorders of, 225, occupation of, 472, railway connections, 348 Secession, 127, 187-89, 193, 236; abolitionists on, 200; Alabama. Jan. 11, 1861, 109, 187, 189, 237; Arkansas, May 6, 1861, 365, 368-69; Black on, 125-26: border states, 139, 193, 203, 238, 365-73; as bluff, 118; Buchanan administration, 123,
129, 165, 187; Charleston conventions, 8-9, 26; Charleston Mercury, 105; in Confederate Constitution, 210; in Congress, U. S., 23; cotton states, 117, 127, 193, 236-37; conventions. See Secession conventions; Douglas on, 101, 198; in election of 1860, 97, 101, 102, 109; extremists, 127, plans of, 26; Florida, Jan. 10, 1861, 185, 187, 276; general convention, 237; Georgia, Jan. 19, 1861, 187, 237; Gist on, 106; Handy on, 139-40; importance of, 170; Kentucky, 195, 365, 370; Lincoln on, 118, 170, 267, 330; Mississippi, 187, 237; Missouri, 195; North Carolina, 194, 365, 366; ordinances of. See Ordinances of secession; as political maneuver, 166; popular support, 109, 189; purpose, 116; Rhett, R. B., 26-27; right of, 125-28, 210; Ruffin, 98, 104-6, 134; Scott, 120; Seward, 103; slave states, 193, 203; slavery and, 127; South, 93, 107-8, 193-98; South Carolina, Dec. 24, 1860, 106, 128, 133-40, 145, 237; Southern governors on, 107-8; Tennessee, 194-95, 365, 366-68; Texas, 193, 196, 228, 233, 235, 236; Virginia, May 23, 1861, 195-98, 333, 365, 392-93; Yancey, 2, 26
Secession conventions: Alabama, 109, 189; Arkansas, 196, 368; Columbia, 130-32; election of delegates to, 237; Mississippi, 190; Missouri, 195, 373, 384; North Carolina, 194, 366; South Carolina, 130-38, at Charleston, 132-33, 136-38, at Columbia, 130-32; Tennessee, 194-95; Texas, 196, 229, 236; Virginia, 197, 239, 299-300, 328, 330, 335. See also State conventions
Secession Hall, 134, 135. See also St. Andrews' Hall
Secession resolutions, South Carolina, 133
Secessionism: Arkansas, 195-96; border states, 139; Georgia, 237; Mississippi, 237; North Carolina, 187-89
Secessionists, 139-40, 203; Arkansas, 195; as fire-eaters. See Fire-eaters; Fort Sumter crisis, 185; on Lincoln inaugural, 269; objectives, 113; Stephens on, 46
Secrets, military, 182, 443, 447
Sectionalism, 11, 21, 69
Seddon, James A., 241
Seizures of property, U. S. See under United States of America
Senate, U. S. See U. S. Senate
Seward, Frederick, 224-25
Seward, William H.: Adams, 247, 288, 290; assassination plot, 224-25; Bell, 47-48; campaign supporters, 50, 53, 56, 62; Campbell and, 244-45, 246, 294-96, 301-303; Charleston conventions, 37-38; Chicago Republican convention, 50, 56, 58, 59, 63, 80; Civil War, 288, 289: on compromise, 200; Clay, Cas-sius, 66; as conciliator, 287-88; Confederate commissioners, 280, 293-94, 301-302; description, 21, 42; on disunion, 21; election of 1860, 95-96, 97; Fort Pickens, 287, 289, 289-90, 301; Fort Sumter, 279, 280, 287, 289; forts issue, 287-89, 294, 296, 301, 303; governor of New York, 58; on leadership, 243; Lincoln, 288, 290, 291-92; Lincoln cabinet, 245, 262, 265; as "Lincoln's Premier," 280; Meigs, 288-89; memorandum, 288, 290-91, 295; presidential candidate, 5; Republican party, 2
0; secession, 103; Secretary of State, 224-25, 247; in Senate, U. S., 21, 42, 287-88: slavery, 22, 58, 294; "Some Thoughts for the President's Consideration," 290-91; South, 28, 280;
Texas, 289; on Union, 364-
65: Union Army, 404 Sewell's Point, 430 Shenandoah Valley, 448, 454,
457, 459 Sherman, John, 13, 15-16, 16,
23
Sherman, William T., 404; at Bull Run, first battle of, 457, 465; at St. Louis riot, 379, 381, 382
Sherman's march, 79
Sherman's ford, 461
Silver Wave, 176
Simonton, Charles H., 152
Skirmishes: Big Bethel, 440-41; Boonville, 389-90; Bunker Hill, 448; Philippi, 410, 411; Rich Mountain, 413. See also Battles
Slave code, 18, 20, 26
Slave quarters, 5
Slave states, 2, 16; Chicago Republican convention, 51; doubtful, 288; leaders of, 44-45; secession in, 193, 203; in Union, 236; unity, 193. See also Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia
Slave trade, 75, 208
Slavery: abolitionists, 85; bor-
der states, 48, 116, 426-27;
Buchanan, 129; Campbell,
244;~ in Charleston, 4-5;
Charleston Democratic con-
ventions, 30; Cincinnati plat-
form, 1856, 29; Columbia,
District of, 168: compromise
on, 200-1; Confederate Con-
stitution, 208; Congress, 29,
426-28; Constitutional
amendment, 200: cotton belt, outside of, 203; Davis, J., 21, 105, 200; Davis resolution, 18-19; on decline, 244; Democratic party, 5; Douglas, 7, 11, 22, 27, 99-100; election of 1860, 119. 200, 245; farming, scientific, 134; forced labor, 81; Freeport doctrine, 7; future of, 43, 116; Gulf state, 245; Helper, 14, and industrialization, 84-85; Kansas, 44-45; Lecompton constitution, 44; Lincoln, 21-22, 114, 167 ff., 400-1; Lovejoy, 22-23; as obsolete, 83; as peculiar institution, 5, 9, 85, 116; political issue, 419; race problem, 85, 204; The Railsplitter, 92; Republican administration, 116; Republican party, 5, 200; and secession, 127; in Senate, U. S., 16-17; Seward, 22, 58, 294; South, 78, 81-82, 84-88, 116; as stalemate, 17; status, 399; Tennessee, 367; in territories, 244, Confederate Constitution, 207, Davis resolutions, 18-19, Douglas, 7, 11, 22, 72, Freeport doctrine, 7, 11, Lincoln, 93, 167 ff., in platforms, 30, 39, 48, 55; U. S. government, 43
