36. Catherine Allgor, A Perfect Union: Dolley Madison and the Creation of the American Nation (New York: Henry Holt, 2006), p. 369.
37. Ketcham, Madisons at Montpelier, p. 164; Ellen Coolidge to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1825, in The Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson, by Thomas Jefferson, ed. Edna Betts and James Bear Jr. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1966), pp. 454–55.
38. Peter Force, “Scrapbook about James Madison,” special collections, Alderman Library, University of Virginia.
39. Martineau, Retrospective of Western Travel, 2:150–51.
CHAPTER 26. DOLLEY
1. Ralph Ketcham, The Madisons at Montpelier: Reflections on the Founding Couple (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2009), p. 140.
2. Harry Coles, The War of 1812 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), pp. 268–69.
3. Dolley Madison to General James Taylor, January 29, 1834, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter referred to as DMDE).
4. Dolley Madison to Judith Rives, May 24, 1832, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Lucy Todd, May 1836, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Fanny Lear, October 27, 1835, in ibid.
5. Katherine Anthony, Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1949), p. 325.
6. Ibid., p. 326.
7. James Madison memo, April 1826, in DMDE.
8. Irving Brant, James Madison (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 6:516–20; Ralph Ketcham, James Madison: A Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1971), pp. 669–70; Paul Jennings, A Colored Man's Reminiscences (Brooklyn, NY: G. C. Beadle, 1865), pp. 20–21.
9. Dolley Madison to Charles Ingersoll, June 15, 1836, in DMDE.
10. Margaret Smith to her husband, March 12, 1829, in The First Forty Years of Washington Society, by Margaret Bayard Smith, ed. Gaillard Hunt (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), pp. 299–300.
11. Jennings, Colored Man's Reminiscences, p. 17.
12. Wyndham Robertson to Dolley Madison, July 1, 1836, in DMDE; George Smith, chair, Madison, Virginia, city council, to Dolley Madison, July 1836, in DMDE; Martha Jefferson to Dolley Madison, July 1, 1836, in DMDE; Andrew Stevenson to Dolley Madison, September 16, 1836, in DMDE.
13. John Coles Payne to Edward Coles, March 15, 1837, in ibid.
14. Anthony, Dolley Madison, pp. 330–31.
15. Dolley Madison to Henry Clay, November 8, 1836, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Eliza Collins Lee, July 26, 1836, in DMDE; Septima Meikleham, “Montpelier: Quiet Home Life of Mr. and Mrs. Madison,” in Meikleham-Randolph-Trist-Coolidge Family Papers, Alderman Library, University of Virginia.
16. Dolley Madison to Margaret Smith, 1838, in Smith, First Forty Years of Washington Society, p. 379.
17. Dolly Madison to General B. Peyton, July 13, 1840, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to A. A. H. Palmer, May 12, 1842, in DMDE.
18. Matthew Hyland, Montpelier and the Madisons: House, Home, and American Heritage (Charleston, SC: History Press, 2007), pp. 92–93; C. G. Chamberlayne, Ham Chamberlayne—Virginian; Letters and Papers of an Artillery Officer in the War for Southern Independence 1861–1865 (Richmond, VA: Deitz Press, 1932), p. 188.
19. Anthony, Dolley Madison, p. 374.
20. Payne Todd to James Madison Hite, May 10, 1837, in DMDE.
21. George Tucker to Dolley Madison, August 23, 1836, in ibid.; James Paulding to Jared Sparks, September 11, 1836, in ibid.; William Rives to Judith Rives, November 29, 1836, in ibid.
22. John Coles Payne to William Rives, December 24, 1836, in ibid.
23. United States Senate, Journal of the Senate, July 1, 1836, in ibid.
24. Payne Todd to Dolley Madison, 1844 note, in ibid.
25. Eugene Exman, The Brothers Harper: A Unique Publishing Partnership and Its Impact upon the Cultural Life of America, 1817–1853 (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), p. 200.
26. Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, May 26, 1838, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, January 22, 1844, in DMDE.
27. Ibid.
28. Dolley Madison to Andrew Jackson, September 2, 1836, in ibid.
29. Anna Payne to Payne Todd, September 14, 1836, in ibid.
30. Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, March 23, 1837, in ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. John Campbell to William Rives, April 5, 1837, in ibid.; George Featherstonhaugh to William Rives, April 10, 1837, in ibid.
33. Dolley Madison to Ann Maury, October 9, 1836, in ibid.
34. John Payne to Edward Coles, January 27, 1837, in ibid.
35. Dolley Madison to unknown correspondent, April 3, 1838, in ibid.
36. Dolley Madison to Dolley Cutts, December 1831, in ibid.; Phoebe Morris to Dolley Madison, January 19 , 1824, in ibid.
37. Judith Rives to Dolley Madison, January 26, 1829, in ibid.
38. Judith Rives to Dolley Madison, February 1829, in ibid.
39. Edward Coles to Dolley Madison, February 22, 1832, in ibid.
40. Anthony, Dolley Madison, pp. 333–34; Noel Gerson, The Velvet Glove: A Life of Dolley Madison (Nashville: Thomas and Nelson, 1975), p. 238.
41. Dolley Madison to Richard Cutts, October 1837, in DMDE.
42. Dolley Madison to Anthony Morris, September 2, 1837, in ibid.
43. Lucy Todd to James Todd, October 5, 1842, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, July 20, 1832, in ibid.
44. Dolley Madison to Richard Cutts, 1841, in ibid.
45. Edward Coles to Sally Stevenson, November 12, 1836, in ibid.
46. J. Eastman Johnson, in Life and Letters of Dolley Madison, by Allen Clark (Washington, DC: Press of W. F. Roberts, 1914), p. 506.
47. Letter by slave Sarah, in Papers of Dolley Madison, Library of Congress.
48. Lucia Cutts, Memoirs and Letters of Dolley Madison, Wife of James Madison, President of the United States (1886; repr. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971), p. 206; Meikleham, “Montpelier.”
49. Ethel Arnett, Mrs. James Madison: The Incomparable Dolley (Greensboro, NC: Piedmont Press, 1972), p. 348–49.
50. Lucy Todd to James Todd, October 5, 1842, in DMDE.
51. George Spotswood to Payne Todd, September 15, 1841, in ibid.
52. Anthony, Dolley Madison, p. 325.
53. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 1819–1822, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Margaret Smith, in Smith, First Forty Years of Washington Society, p. 380; Dolley Madison to Mary Cutts, May 28, 1835, in DMDE.
54. Dolley Madison to Anna Thornton, September 1, 1808, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Lucy Cutts, August 29, 1807, in DMDE.
55. Adams Diary, October 24, 1837 entry, in Anthony, Dolley Madison, pp. 348–49.
56. Anthony, Dolley Madison, p. 351.
57. Gerson, Velvet Glove, pp. 240–41.
58. Philip Hone to a friend, in Anthony, Dolley Madison, p. 352.
59. Ketcham, Madisons at Montpelier, p. 179.
60. Anthony, Dolley Madison, p. 387.
61. Dolley Madison to Betsy Coles, February 21, 1838, in DMDE.
62. Anthony, Dolley Madison, pp. 361–63.
63. Dolley Madison to Anthony Morris, September 3, 1838, in DMDE.
64. Dolley Madison to Anthony Morris, August 20, 1839, in ibid.
65. National Intelligencer, January 2, 1839; New York Express, January 2, 1839.
66. William Kemble Sr. to William Kemble Jr., January 26, 1839, in DMDE.
67. William Preston to Dolley Madison, July 4, 1839, in ibid.
68. Richard Rush to Dolley Madison, December 22, 1837, in ibid.
69. Anthony, Dolley Madison, p. 393.
70. Ibid.
71. National Intelligencer, July 17, 1849.
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