The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England

by Mortimer, Ian

  gold leaf 254

  Golden Hind see ships

  goldsmiths 1, 12, 34, 53, 145, 174, 175, 311

  golf 332

  good death, a 100

  Goodwin Sands 214

  Gorges, Thomas (1536–1610) 222

  Gorhambury 222

  Gose, Agnes 58

  Gose, Thomas 58

  Gosfield 331

  Gosson, Stephen 336

  Gower, John (d.1408) 346

  Grafton, Richard (c.1511–73) 130

  grain see corn

  Grand Tour, the 114, 223, 248

  Grassi, Giacomo di 329

  Gravelines, battle of 4

  Gravesend 201, 204

  Gray’s Inn see London

  Grays Thurrock 84

  Great Easton 196

  Great Fulford see Fulford

  Great Holland 316

  Great Yarmouth 16

  Greece 261, 262

  Greek language 41, 68, 105, 107, 108, 132

  Greene, Robert (1558–92) 75, 103, 240, 346, 349, 354

  greengrocers 54

  Greenland 113

  Greenwich 204, 222, 293, 320

  greetings 154–5

  Gregorian Calendar see Calendar

  Grenville family 230

  Grenville, Sir Richard (1542–91) 23, 94, 95, 361

  Gresham, Sir Thomas (c.1518–79) 33, 34, 222

  Grey, Lady Catherine (1540–68) 42, 46

  Grey, Lady Jane (1536–54) 42, 105, 130

  Greystoke 242

  Grindal, Edmund (1516x20–83), archbishop of Canterbury 90, 91, 367

  grocers 54

  grooms 225

  grosgrain see silk

  Grymeston, Elizabeth, née Bernye (1563?-1601x4) 68

  Gryndall, William 328

  Guary miracle play 351–2

  Guildford 237, 254, 260, 261, 332

  Guinea 111, 118

  Gullyvor, William (d.1568) 235

  gunpowder 94, 129

  guns, gunners 53, 106, 203, 206–7, 211, 212, 214, 216, 237, 293, 321, 327, 342, 357

  Gwin, Joan 323

  gypsies or ‘Egyptians’ 60, 118

  haberdashers 34, 53

  Hacket, William (d.1591) 2, 64, 97

  hackneymen see coachmen

  haggling 147

  hair, curling of 173, 175, 185

  hair, dyeing of 173

  hairbrushes 172–3, 238

  hairdresser 240

  hairstyles 162, 172–3, 175, 184, 185, 315; see also wigs

  Hakluyt, Richard (1552?–1616) 112

  Halifax gibbet 305–6

  Hall, John (1574/5?–1635) 109, 289

  Halstead 117

  Hampshire 20, 144, 196

  Hampstead Norris 55

  Hampton Court Palace 28, 222, 228, 234, 320, 321

  handkerchiefs 154, 174, 178, 183

  handwriting 137–9

  hanging see death penalty

  hardwaremen 54

  Hardwick Hall 3, 221, 223, 224

  Harington, Sir John (1539/40–1613), later Lord Harington of Exton 48

  Harington, Sir John (1560–1612) 43, 101, 162, 246, 268, 272, 346, 350

  Harley family 222

  Harman, Thomas (fl. 1547–67) 296–300

  Harriot, Thomas (c.1560–1621) 112, 122, 211

  Harrison, Margaret 58

  Harrison, William (1535–93) 38, 39, 54, 56, 57, 87–8, 107, 123, 130, 161, 185, 186, 194, 196, 198, 199, 219, 221, 230, 231, 234–6, 247, 254, 258, 262, 263, 305–6, 309, 323, 324, 327

  Harrow School 106

  Harvey, William (d.1567) 255

  Haslington 230

  Hatfield 222, 331

  Hatfield Peverel 305

  Hathaway, Ann see Shakespeare

  hats see clothes

  hatters 53, 58

  Hatton, Sir Christopher (c.1540–91) 182, 185, 222

  Hawkins, Sir John (1532–95) 111, 112, 119–20, 206, 323

  Hawkins, Thomas (d.1587) 235

  Hawkins, William 120

  hawks see falcons

  Hawle, Joan 220

  hay 24, 191, 220, 238

  Haygat, Margery 58

  Haygat, Robert 58

  Hayward, John (1564?–1627) 42, 131

  headdress 168

  Heath, Thomas (d.1587) 238

  Hebrew 68, 105, 108

  Heidelberg 288

  helliers 53

  Heminges, John (1566–1630) 356

  Henley-in-Arden 12

  Henry IV (1367–1413) 42

  Henry VII (1457–1509) 46, 222, 367

  Henry VIII (1491–1547) 6, 7, 42, 46, 48, 76–8, 96, 104, 127, 135, 142, 157, 214, 222, 228, 234, 257, 260, 271, 321, 325, 333, 337, 346, 367

  Henslowe, Philip (c.1555–1616) 353

  Hentzner, Paul (1558–1623) 157

  heralds 49, 50, 130, 292

  Herbert, Edward (1582?–1648), Lord Herbet of Cherbury 105

  Herbert, Mary, née Sidney (1561–1621), countess of Pembroke 350

  herbs 123, 146, 177, 234, 249, 253, 258, 260, 263, 274, 289 (bay 33; borage [bugloss] 249, 285; camomile 286; chervil 249, 257; colchicum 289; fennel 250; garlic 146, 249, 259; henbane 286; hyssop 259; lavender 177, 286; mint 250; parsley 250, 259, 285; potherbs 238; rosemary 33, 228, 250, 276, 286; sage 245, 246, 249, 257, 286; sorrel 251, 286; thyme 250, 259, 286; violets 290)

  Hereford 16, 107, 335

  Hereford, bishop of 80

  Herefordshire 129, 222

  heresy see crime

  Hertford, Lord see Seymour

  Hertfordshire 222, 317

  Hester, John (d.1592) 103

  Heywood, John (1496/7–c.1578) 352

  highwaymen 100, 202, 203, 296

  Hill, Thomas (c.1528–c.1574) 103, 125, 126

  Hilliard, Nicholas (1547?–1619) 118

  history, historians 6, 81, 112, 129–31, 350–3, 362, 373

  Hoby, Elizabeth see Russell

  Holborn see London

  Holborne, Anthony (d.1602?) 337, 341

  Holdenby House 129, 222, 224

  Holinshed, Raphael (c. 1525–80?) 6, 130

  holland see linen

  Holland, Dutch 31, 44, 67, 92, 95, 109, 113, 115–17, 143, 192, 215, 253, 257, 295, 321; see also fashion; Meteren

  Holles, Sir William (1471?–1542) 246

  Hollyband, Claudius 107, 136–7, 142, 246, 272, 322, 337

  Holy Roman Empire 143

  homelessness 56–61, 95, 96, 110, 118, 292, 297–9, 301, 307, 310, 338

  Homer 344, 350

  homosexuality 75–6; see also sodomy

  honey 115, 260, 263, 277

  hoods see clothes

  Hook Lighthouse 214

  Hooker, John (c.1527–1601) 130

  Hooker, Richard (1554–1600) 91

  hookers 299

  Hooper, James 209

  hoopers 54

  Hopkins, John (1520/1–70) 339

  hops 231, 262

  Horace (65–8 BC) 107

  Horman, William (1457–1535) 8, 23, 24, 64, 107, 126, 129, 176, 188, 189, 227, 239, 243, 245, 258, 265, 269, 273, 287, 289, 330, 341

  horn 165

  horn books 106

  horses and riding 47, 56, 66, 67, 103, 105–7, 114, 139, 149, 173, 174, 187, 192–4, 196, 198–202, 218, 233, 238, 299, 302, 304, 328, 329, 336 (packhorses 191, 197–9; prices of 200); see also travel

  horseshoes 312

  hosen see clothes

  hosiers 12, 53, 163–4

  Hospital of St Mary of Bethlehem see London, Bedlam

  hospitals 56, 58

  Hossell, Richard (d.1587) 181

  Houghton 246

  hourglasses 141, 213

  household size 225, 230

  Howard, John 84

  Howard, Philip (1557–95), earl of Arundel 99

  Howard, Thomas (1538–72), duke of Norfolk 46, 47, 49, 83, 296, 305

  Howard, Thomas (c.1520–82), viscount Howard of Bindon 47

  hue and cry 312

&nbs
p; Hughes, Thomas (fl. 1571–1623) 353

  Huguenots 69, 116, 202

  Hull see Kingston upon Hull

  humour see wit

  humoural theory 264–6, 270, 287

  hundred courts see courts

  Hungary 346

  Hunt, Francis 302

  hunting 22, 27, 47, 106, 107, 247, 327–8; see also falcons

  Hurault de Maisse, André (1539–1607) 157, 188

  hurdle-makers 56

  hurling 331, 332

  husbandmen 22, 39, 54–5, 171, 175, 234, 235, 260, 325

  Hussey, Gilbert 2

  hymns 322, 339; see also music

  Iceland 115, 256

  illegitimacy 58, 95, 307, 310

  illnesses 58, 74, 124, 212, 214, 215, 264–6, 277 (blood poisoning 290; broken limbs 152, 290; causes of 264–7, 270, 271, 274, 277; cough 289; disability 58, 326; dysentery 99, 212, 282; epilepsy 299; fever 275, 277, 278, 282, 289; gangrene 290; gastric wind 289; gout 289; haemorrhoids 274; influenza 4, 278, 279, 383; injuries 264, 290; lameness 58, 326; leprosy 265; lung diseases 151, 282, 323; malaria 278, 279; measles 283; mental 56, 266, 283, 308; mercury poisoning 282; piles 274; plague 4, 5, 37, 59, 74, 155, 242, 270, 275, 278–83, 286, 348, 355, 30, 383; scabs 274; scurvy 274; smallpox 59, 283, 289; sweating sickness 278; syphilis 153, 271, 278, 283–4, 288, 323; tuberculosis 282; typhoid fever 282; typhus 270, 282, 289; whooping cough 287); see also Black Death; teeth

  imprisonment 85, 128, 214, 216, 242, 244, 294, 306–7, 315; see also prisons

  incomes 148, 150–2, 157–8, 301 (carpenters’ 151; ecclesiastical 50; farmers’ 151; gentry 48–9, 325; labourers’ 151, 258, 268; lawyers’ 50–1; lords’ 47, 49; masons’ 51; merchants’ 51; miners’ 151, 282; nurses’ 59, 282, 286; physicians’ 289; royal 45, 367; servants’ 152; surgeons’ 289; women’s 63, 65–6, 152)

  Indies 123, 208, 254, 321, 323; see also America

  individualism 93, 94

  Indonesia 113, 216

  Industrial Revolution 108, 205

  infant mortality see children

  inflation 148

  influenza see illnesses

  Ingatestone 43, 197

  Ingatestone Hall 24, 25, 268

  Ingold, Henry (d.1567) 331

  injuries see illnesses

  ink, inkhorns 139, 178

  Inner Temple see London

  inns, innkeepers 53, 193, 205, 218–21, 237, 255, 311, 329

  Intwood Hall 222

  Ipswich 16

  Ireland, Irish 40, 45, 115, 200, 214, 347–8

  Irish toyles 298

  ironing 190

  ironmongers 53

  Isle of Wight 214

  Italian language 41, 105, 137

  Italy, Italian 83, 108, 114, 117, 120, 122, 137, 138, 143, 161, 223, 245, 248, 250, 257, 260, 262, 295, 329, 343, 346; see also fashion; Ficino, Venice

  Itchen Stoke 196

  jakes see latrine

  jam 243

  James VI and I (1566–1625), king of Scotland and England 119, 174, 201, 324, 367

  Jamestown 112

  Japan 113

  jarkmen 299

  Java 113

  jelly 249, 251–2

  Jennings, Joan 152

  Jesuits 83–5

  Jewel, John (1522–71), bishop of Salisbury 68, 80, 83, 91

  jewellery 45, 118, 142, 156, 168, 174–7, 182, 185–6, 203, 231, 253, 292, 321; see also earrings; rings

  Jews 92

  John of Gaunt (1340–99), duke of Lancaster 31

  Johnson, William 366

  joiners 53

  Jones, Robert (fl. 1597–1615) 341

  Jones, William 161

  Jonson, Ben (1572–1637) 100, 167, 240, 304, 350, 354, 355, 357–8, 362, 366

  Joplyn, John (d.1558) 274

  jousting 77, 186, 322

  Joy, William 57

  Julian Calendar see Julian

  juniper see fruit and vegetables.

  Justices of the Peace (JPs) 44, 49, 61, 62, 79, 82–5, 98, 146, 151, 197, 281, 295, 296, 300–2, 307, 308, 312, 313, 322, 324, 325; see also courts

  justices, royal 302, 304, 312, 326; see also courts

  Kelley, Sir Edward (1555–97/8) 125

  Kellwaye, Simon 283

  Kelston 268

  Kempe, Will (d.c.1610) 165, 355, 356

  Kenilworth Castle 222, 228, 253, 322, 335

  Kennet, River 197

  Kent 22, 36, 48, 55, 56, 59, 110, 113, 146, 195, 208, 223, 233, 242, 274, 278, 335

  kermes 159

  Kiechel, Samuel 155

  Kilcolman Castle 347

  Killigrew, Katherine, née Cooke (d.1583) 68

  kinchin cos 299

  King’s Lynn 16

  Kingston upon Hull 16

  Kirtling 198, 253

  kissing 66, 155, 280, 343

  kitchenware 220, 231, 233, 235, 240, 269

  knife-grinders 56

  knitting 58, 163–4, 179

  knives 145, 154, 185, 247, 248, 249, 252, 269, 290; see also penknives

  Knox, John (c.1514–72) 90

  Kyd, Thomas (1558–94) 353

  Kytchiner, William (d.1586) 183

  Kytson, Elizabeth, née Cornwallis (1546/7–1628), Lady Kytson 192, 340

  La Rochelle 261

  labourers 53, 54, 56, 142, 150, 151, 171, 187, 235, 250, 258, 268, 274, 325

  lace 146, 162, 167, 168, 184, 187

  Lambarde, William (1536–1601) 36, 56, 130

  Lambourn 55

  Lancashire 22, 59, 145

  Lancaster, James (1554/5–1618) 113

  Laneham, Robert (c. 1535–79/80) 142, 246, 328, 334

  Langley, Francis (1548–1602) 353

  Langton, Dr Christopher (1521–78) 311

  Lanier, Emilia, née Bassano (1569–1645) 70–1, 350, 361, 362

  lantern-makers 54

  Latimer, Hugh (c.1485–1555), bishop of Worcester 127

  Latin 8, 41, 68, 81, 103, 105, 107, 132, 136–8

  latrines 213, 227, 234, 266–9, 274, 284, 287; see also chamber pots; close stools; water closet

  laundry see washerwomen; washing

  lavender see herbs

  law, lawyers 18, 26, 28, 50, 53, 62, 79, 81, 108, 130, 146, 147, 157, 222, 245, 292–319, 325 (ecclesiastical 313–19); see also courts; justices

  lawn see linen

  Lawrence, Joan 319

  Lawrence, John 318–19

  lead 30, 239, 269

  leases 55, 233, 301

  leather 13, 53, 145, 169, 170, 174, 179–81, 183, 185, 187, 231, 233, 263, 269 (Spanish 163, 169, 178, 183); see also cordwainers

  Lee, George, (d.1558) 274

  Lee, Sir Henry (1533–1611) 185, 322

  Lee, William (d.1614/15?) 164

  Leicester 200

  Leicester, earl of see Dudley

  Leicestershire 22, 94, 135, 274

  Leiden 288

  Leighton, Sir Thomas (c. 1530–1610) 215

  Leith 98

  Leland, John (c.1503–52) 129, 130, 196, 197, 361

  leprosy see illnesses

  Levant Company 113, 207

  Libertines 162

  libraries 130–1, 321

  lice 269, 270, 286

  licensing 62, 65, 244–5, 301, 322, 325, 384

  Lichfield 16, 50

  life expectancy 38, 51, 360 lighthouses 214

  Lily, William (1468?–1522/3) 107

  Lincoln 16, 203

  Lincoln’s Inn see London

  Lincolnshire 23, 222, 224, 296

  linen 27, 150, 157, 158, 163, 164, 168, 172–4, 177–80, 189, 224, 227, 236, 243, 272–4, 286, 308, 326 (buckram 158, 164; cambric 147, 163, 168, 174, 178, 180, 181, 187, 189; canvas 158, 187, 220, 238; holland 147, 159, 163, 164, 168, 178, 181, 221, 226; lawn 147, 167, 168, 174, 181; lockram 158, 159, 163, 178, 220, 221); see also camlet; cyprus; linsey-woolsey; table linen

  linsey-woolsey 158, 159, 163, 178

  lions 114, 119, 321

  Lipscomb, Thomas (d.1587) 235

&n
bsp; Lisbon 15, 111

  literacy 101–4; see also education; women

  litters 198

  Little Moreton Hall 230

  livestock 22, 145–7, 237, 242, 243, 253, 304; (cattle 19–21, 56, 127, 145, 174, 191, 233, 235, 238, 252, 253, 336; deer 21, 174, 253, 327; pigs 12, 19, 20, 145, 176, 189, 205, 233, 237, 238, 241, 245, 253, 313; sheep 10, 19–22, 59, 145, 174, 191, 233, 235, 241, 253, 286, 287, 330 [ram]); see also meat and poultry

  Livy (Titus Livius) (50 BC–AD 17) 107

  Locke, Anne (1530–c.90) 68, 71, 370

  locks, locksmiths 53, 145, 219

  logic 108

  London 1, 4, 10, 15–17, 19, 21, 25–35, 38, 44, 52, 57–9, 62, 67–9, 77, 80, 84, 91, 92, 94, 96, 104, 109, 110, 130, 135, 137, 142, 146, 155, 165, 167, 173, 177, 178, 180, 182–4, 186, 189, 190, 192, 193, 198, 201, 202, 204, 205, 220, 222, 253, 255, 261, 274, 287, 322, 329, 348 (Aldersgate 31; Aldgate 31, 32, 92, 193, 306; Aldwych 26; Artillery Gardens 329; Arundel Place 29; Baynard’s Castle 31; Bedlam 283; Birdcage Walk 333; Bishopsgate 31, 341, 353; Bishopsgate Street 329, 352; Bread Street 33, 34; Bridewell Hospital 292, 307, 308, 329; Candlewick Street 31; Cecil House 29, 222; Chancery Lane 26–7; Charing Cross 27, 29; Charterhouse 32; Cheapside 1, 32, 34, 35, 292, 309, 310, 311, 350; Cordwainer Street 33; Cornhill 32–4, 77, 322; Covent Garden 29; Cripplegate 31; Derby House 130; Dowgate 240; Drury Lane 26, 27, 29; Durham Place 29; Elephant & Castle 240; Ely Place 329; Finsbury Fields 330; Fish Street 33; Fleet Street 26, 77; Friday Street 34; Goldsmith’s Row 34; Gracechurch Street 77, 311, 352; Great Stone Gate 5, 31; Greyfriars Church 130, 329; Guildhall 31; Haymarket 27; Holborn 26, 27, 32, 329; Hosier Lane 33, 240; Hungerford House 29; Hyde Park 27; Jewin Street 333; King’s Street 28; Leadenhall 329; Little Trinity parish 94; London Bridge 29–32, 197, 205, 239, 269, 304, 322; London Stone 31, 32, 311; Long Acre 29; Lothbury 32; Ludgate 31, 33; Ludgate Hill 329, 352; Mark Lane 293; Mermaid Tavern 2, 35, 240, 350, 366; Mile End 342; Milk Street 33; Moorgate 31, 66; New Stone Gate 30; Newgate 26, 27, 31–3, 35, 302, 329; Nonsuch House 30–1; Old Change 1; Oxford Street 26; Paris Garden 334, 335, 356; Paternoster Row 34; Piccadilly 27; population of 15, 16, 25, 364; Poultry 34; Royal Exchange 34, 145, 193, 338; St Botolph’s parish 117; St George’s Field 306; St Giles in the Fields 26, 333; St Martin’s Lane 26; St Mary Somerset 2; St Paul’s Cathedral 1, 26, 31–4, 104, 257, 303, 308, 326, 355; St Paul’s Churchyard 1, 31, 103, 107, 303, 308, 348; St Paul’s Cross 31, 32, 76, 92; St Paul’s School 107; Savoy Palace 29; Shoe Lane 333; Shoreditch 353; Silver Street 240; Smithfield 32, 199, 329; Soper Lane 77; Southampton House 26; Southwark 271, 307, 334, 335, 359; Standard 34, 310; Strand 28, 29, 32, 222; Temple 204; Tottenham Court Road 26; Tower Green 305; Tower Hill 305; Tower of 29–31, 33, 41, 42, 48, 87–9, 91, 99, 124, 189, 222, 294, 304, 305, 321; Tower Street 292; Tyburn 26, 27, 35, 94, 96, 126, 292, 302, 304; Vintry 29; wards 51; West Cheap 34; Whitechapel 32, 352; York House 29; York Place 29)