scarcity (see also famine) 78, 135, 268, 270, 274, 279–280
selection-by-reputation hypothesis, see evolutionary theory
self (the social self) 101, 113, 370
self-control, see conscience
self-recognition 101–104, 235, 312
selfishness 51–52, 114, 311–312, 314
serial killers, see psychopaths
Service, E. 76, 78, 366, 369
sexual selection, see natural selection
shame, see emotions
shaming, see social control
sharing 82, 136–140, 144, 156, 192–193, 195, 215, 271, 287, 290, 302
among bonobos 137–138, 140
among chimpanzees 137–139
of food 37, 40, 44, 50, 61, 79, 137–142, 151–152, 156–157, 159, 184–185, 196–197, 246, 255, 264, 269–270, 272–273, 275–278, 280–283, 289, 295, 298, 303, 319–320, 333–334
of meat 36–38, 41, 43–44, 51, 64, 68, 131, 137–141, 143, 146, 150, 153–156, 160, 166–167, 182–184, 188, 196, 201, 221, 230, 255–256, 268–271, 273–274, 280, 283, 288–291, 301, 303, 312–313, 320, 333–334, 352, 381
tolerated theft 138–139, 271
Shostak, M. 215, 282, 287, 376–377, 379–380
Simon, H. 217, 366–367, 376
small game 141, 144, 147, 154, 274–275, 319
Smith, E. A. 366, 369, 372, 380
Sober, E. 331, 364–366, 372, 375, 379–380, 382
social control (see also punishment)
criticism 1, 35, 240
gossip 33–35, 73, 157, 169, 188–189, 197–198, 210, 221, 239–243, 245, 265, 321, 328–329, 350, 367
public opinion 46, 55, 107, 195, 197–198, 214, 239–240, 251, 254, 265, 268, 351, 353–354
ridicule 43–44, 46, 198–199
shaming 35, 42, 44, 46, 86, 96, 118, 198–199, 228, 263
social pressure 10, 42, 67–69, 83, 163, 197–198, 202, 208–209, 225, 239–240, 248, 264–265, 268, 325, 329, 334, 344
supernatural sanctioning 202–203, 220–221, 251
social distancing (see also social control) 35, 199, 246–247, 249–250, 262–263, 344
social evolution, see natural selection
social rewards 83, 114, 128, 164, 193–194, 206, 297, 347
social selection, see natural selection
Stanford, C. 370, 372
Stiner, M. 163, 373
stinginess 50, 184, 214–215, 221, 240, 255, 270–271, 280–281, 290, 294, 296–298, 303–305
stories 21, 33, 43, 171–172, 215, 219, 282, 315–316, 340–341
submission behavior 21, 42, 95, 108, 113, 117, 127, 143, 235–236, 312, 321, 339
subordinate coalitions 96, 147, 151, 153–154, 235, 312
supernatural sanctioning, see social control
symbols 116, 119, 128, 141, 143, 245, 332
sympathy, see emotions
Temerlin, M. 119, 121, 124–125, 371
thieves, see free riders
Thomas, E. M. 219, 254, 302, 376, 378
threats 42, 45, 53, 66–68, 72, 150, 177, 225, 264, 283, 345–346, 349–351, 356–357
tolerated theft, see sharing
tribes 12–13, 34–35, 49, 181, 243, 335, 343
Trivers, R. 61–62, 66, 166, 168, 180, 308, 311, 367–368, 374
trust 27, 181, 241–242, 260, 290, 348, 350, 357–358
Turnbull, C. 37–38, 40–42, 214, 365, 369, 376
tweaking (cultural reinforcement of natural tendencies) 53, 271, 273, 333, 347
Utku 70, 215–216, 226, 247–248, 303
values 28, 37, 128, 173, 176, 183, 200, 204, 216–217, 221, 223, 225–228, 233–234, 244, 254, 297
violence 39, 66, 71, 93–94, 108, 136, 168, 249–250, 252–255
Waal, F., see de Waal, F.
warfare 12, 33, 77, 134–136, 159, 344–346, 349, 353–354, 360
weapons 38–39, 137, 146, 148, 160–161, 257, 261–262, 317, 345, 353, 356
Well-Meaners, see Aché safety net study
West-Eberhard, M. J. 364, 368–369, 373–374, 376
Westermarck, E. 324, 376, 378
Whiten, A. 368, 370–371
Wiessner, P. 240, 365–367, 374, 376–377, 380–381
Williams, G 12, 56–58, 66, 200, 310, 363, 366, 368, 381
Wilson, D. S. 364–366, 368, 372, 375, 379–382
Wilson, E. O. 13, 325, 363–364, 366–369, 373, 377, 382–383
Wilson, J. Q. 325, 382
wolves 21, 23, 142–143, 182, 321, 368, 378
Woodburn, J. 380, 383
Wrangham, R. W. 92, 95, 97, 168, 370, 372–375, 383
xenophobia 134–135, 359
Zahavi, A. 367, 375–367
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