amateurs, collectors aided by, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1
Amazon, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
American Entomological Society, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1
American Entomologist, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2
American Museum of Natural History, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
American Naturalist
“Ancestry and Butterflies” (Scudder)
“Ancestry and Classification” (Scudder)
androconia, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
angle-wings, 1.1, 1.2
Angus, James
Antimachus swallowtail
anti-Semitism, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1
ants
Apanteles atalantae
Apanteles edwardsii
Apatura
aposematic
Appalachia
Appalachian Mountain Club
Appias nero
arctics, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 8.1
Aristotle, itr.1, 5.1
arsenic
art
of butterflies, see illustration, illustrators
at Chicago Fair, 5.1, 7.1
and nature, 1.1, 7.1
and science, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1
arthemis
Art Nouveau, 5.1
Asia, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
Atlantic Monthly, 2.1, 4.1
Atlas moth (Attacus dohertyi)
Audubon, John, 1.1, 2.1
Audubon Society
Aurivillius, Christopher
Australia, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1
automobiles, 7.1, 7.2
Baird, Spencer, 1.1, 3.1
Ball, Philip
Ballard, Julia
baltimore checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton), 1.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2
banded purples, 1.1, 1.2
Bang-Haas, Andreas, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1
Bang-Haas, Carmen Staudinger
Bang-Haas, Otto
Barnes, William, 3.1, 7.1
Baron, Oscar T., 1.1, 6.1
Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, Jules
Basilarchia (Limenitis)
Bates, Henry, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1
mimicry theory of, 5.1, 5.2
Bean, Thomas, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1
beauty
as motivation of collectors, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 7.1
natural vs. artificial, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1
nature and, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
passionate reaction to, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2
purpose of, 5.1, 5.2
“Beauty of the World (J. Edwards), 1.1, 8.1
Behr, Hans Hermann, 1.1, 5.1
Behrens, James
Belfrage, Gustave
Bell, Alexander Graham
Belt, Thomas
“Best Localities for Collectors, The” (Scudder)
Bethune, Charles
Beutenmuller, William, 8.1, 8.2
Bhutanitis lidderdalii
Bickmore, Albert
Biologia Centrali-Americana
Bird, Henry, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
Bird Neighbors (Blanchan), 7.1, 7.2
birds
of Australia, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1
collecting of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1
killing of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1
protection of, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Birds of North America (Audubon)
birdwings, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
“Black Marias” (notebooks)
black swallowtails (Papilio polyxenes)
Blanchan, Neltje
blues, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1
Bohemian Club, 1.1, 8.1
Boisduval, Jean Baptiste, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 7.1
Bonpland, Aimé
“boss masons” (collectors), itr.1, 8.1
Boston Society of Natural History, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1
Bowen, Lydia, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2
Bowles, Wesley
Braconidae
Brazil, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1
breeding, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1
Bridgham, Eliza Fales
Bridgham, Joseph
Bridgham, Samuel
Brief Guide to the Commoner Butterflies of the Northern U.S. and Canada (Scudder)
British Museum, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Brooke, Gustavus Vaughan
Brooklyn, N.Y., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Brooklyn Entomological Society, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences (Brooklyn Museum)
brown elfins (Incisalia augustinus)
Browning, Robert
Bruce, David, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Bruner, Lawrence
Buchholz, Otto
Buffalo Museum of the Natural Sciences, 2.1, 2.2
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
Buffon, George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2
Burgess, Edward, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2
Burke, Edmund
Burke, Jenny
Burke, John
Burmeister, Hermann
Butler, Arthur, 1.1, 6.1, 8.1
butterflies (Lepidoptera)
beauty of, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 8.1
bonding and community in
at Chicago Fair
displaying of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2
distribution of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1
hierarchies of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1
identification of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1
known species of, 2.1, 6.1
life and death of
life cycles of, see life cycles, life histories
mutations of, 6.1, 7.1
pricing of, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
sexual selection in, 5.1, 5.2
survival mechanisms of
threats to
worldwide distribution of
see also butterfly collecting, collectors; specific families and species
Butterflies and Moths of North America (Strecker), itr.1, 3.1, 4.1
Butterflies of India, Burma, and Ceylon (Nicéville)
Butterflies of New England, The (Maynard)
Butterflies of North America (W. H. Edwards), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 5.1, 7.1
volume 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1
volume 2, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1
volume 3, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2
Butterflies of the Eastern United States (French)
Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada, The (Scudder), 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
Butterflies of the West Coast (Wright)
Butterfly Book, The (Holland), 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2
butterfly collecting, collectors
amateur contributions in, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1
apparatus of, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1
as commercial endeavor, see commercial collecting
dangers of, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2
death of
debate over goal of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
disparagement of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1
ethical concerns in, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
European vs. American, 1.1, 2.1
fieldwork vs. indoor study in, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
German-American
hierarchy debate among
nomenclature debate among, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
passion and zeal of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 7.1
as pathway to nature
, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 3.1, 7.1
physical challenges of, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1
rivalry and conflict within, 3.1, 5.1; see also specific rivalries
sharing among, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
split in community of, 3.1, 3.2
technological advancements in
worldwide
Yankee
Butterfly Guide (Holland)
Butterfly Hunters, The (Conant)
cabbage butterflies (Pieris rapae)
Cabinet of Curiosities (Seba)
Calephelis borealis
California, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
California dogface
Calvinism, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Canadian Entomologist, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1
Carnegie, Andrew, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Carnegie Museum of Natural History, itr.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2
Cassino, Samuel
catalogs, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, see also specific books
Catalogue of North American Butterflies (Weidemeyer), 1.1, 2.1
Catalogue of Scientific Serials (Scudder)
Catalogue of the Described Transformations of North American Lepidoptera (W. H. Edwards)
“Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico” (W. H. Edwards)
caterpillars, see larva
Catocala agrippina
Catocala amestris
Catocala relicta
Catocala sappho
cats, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 4.1
Cecil’s Book of Insects
Cecil’s Books of Natural History series
Center (Karner), N.Y.
Central America, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1
“Central Park Affair”, 3.1, 3.2
Cethosia bonpland
Chadbourne, Paul, 1.1, 1.2
Charon’s nymphalid
Chedi (cook), 6.1, 6.2
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
Chicago Academy of Sciences, 3.1, 7.1
Chicago Columbian Exposition (Chicago World’s Fair; 1893), 3.1, 7.1, 7.2
children
in collecting, itr.1, 7.1, 7.2
literature for, see literature, butterfly, for children
China, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2
Chionobas alberta peartiae
Chionobas ivallda, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1
Chionobas varuna
chloroform
Churchill, Randolph
Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud)
Clark, Preston, 3.1, 7.1
Clarkson, Frederick
classification, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 8.1
debate over, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1
Clements, Frederic
Clench, Harry
Clinton, George
Coalburgh, W.Va., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2
coal mining, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 6.1
environmental damage from, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2
Coals and Cokes in West Virginia (Willie Edwards)
Cockerell, Theodore, 4.1, 8.1
Colias alticola
Colias meadii
Colorado, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2
“Color Preferences of Butterflies” (Scudder)
“Colours of Animals and Plants, The,” (Wallace)
Columbian emerald butterflies
comma (Polygonia comma)
commercial collecting, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1
worldwide market in
common sulphur (Colias philodice), 3.1, 4.1
Comstock, Anna Botsford, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Comstock, John, 4.1, 8.1
Conant, Helen
Confidence Man, The (Melville)
Conrad, Joseph
coppers, 1.1, 4.1
Corps of Engineers, U.S., 5.1, 7.1
Cosmos, The (Humboldt), itr.1, 2.1, 5.1
countershading (obliterative shading)
Cramer, Pieter, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1
Cresson, Ezra Townshend, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1
Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de
Crotch, George
Cuvier, Georges, 1.1, 1.2
Cynthia cardui
dams, 5.1, 7.1
Darwin, Charles, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
see also Darwinism; evolution, theory of; natural selection
Darwinism, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 8.1
debate over, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 3.1
evolving perceptions of, 2.1, 5.1
Davenport Museum of Natural Sciences
Davis, William Morris
deforestation, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2
Diana fritillary (Speyeria diana), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Dickinson, Anna
Dickinson, Emily
Dictionary of the Lepcha-Language
dimorphism, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 8.1
“Dipterous Parasites, The” (Williston)
Doherty, Harlan
Doherty, James Monroe
Doherty, Will, itr.1, itr.2, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.2
as commercial collector, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
death of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
early years of
financial setbacks of, 6.1, 8.1
and Hartert
and Holland, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
ill health of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
mental decline of
Doll, Jacob, 3.1, 8.1
Doncaster, Arthur, 6.1, 6.2
Donovan, Edward
Doubleday, Edward, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1
Doubleday, F. N., 7.1, 7.2
Dramatis Personae (Browning)
Drexel, Joseph, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1
Drexel, Lucy
Drury, Dru, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
Dryocampa
Duffus, R. L.
Dury, Charles
Dyar, Harrison, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
East Africa Protectorate, The (C. Eliot), 8.1
eastern tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus), 1.1, 1.2
Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting (Frank)
ecology, itr.1, 7.1
human threat to, 1.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
protective measures in, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2
economic entomology, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1
Edison, Thomas
Education (Adams)
Edwards, Catherine Tappan, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 8.1
Edwards, Edith
Edwards, Henry, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1
collection of
death of, 8.1, 8.2
kind and generous nature of, 1.1, 1.2, 8.1, 8.2
and Papilio, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
stage career of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 8.1
and Strecker, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1
and W. H. Edwards, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
Edwards, Jonas, 1.1, 1.2
Edwards, Jonathan, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
Edwards, Polly Brooke, 1.1, 1.2, 8.1, 8.2
Edwards, William (father)
Edwards, William (grandfather)
Edwards, William Henry, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5
academic contributions of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1
acclaim for, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
aids and helpers of, 1.1, 4.1, 8.1
on beauty
on bonding and community
coal mining business of, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 4.1
collection sold by, 3.1,
4.1, 6.1, 7.1
Darwinism of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 8.1
early years of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
ecological contradictions of, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2
financial setbacks of, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 8.1
and H. Edwards, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
as inspiration to amateurs, 1.1, 4.1
life history approach of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2
literature of, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3; see also specific works
in nomenclature debate, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
and railroads, 7.1, 7.2
Scudder’s friendship with, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2
Scudder’s rifts with, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2
Strecker vs., 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2
Edwards, Willie, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
and Mead, 1.1, 3.1, 7.1
“Effect of the Glacial Epoch upon the Distribution of Insects in North America, The” (Grote)
eggs, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Ehrman, George
Eisen, Adolph
Eisenheis, Gerhard
electric lights, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
and moths, 7.1, 7.2
Eliot, Charles
Eliot, George
Eliot, Ida Mitchell, 1.1, 5.1
Eliot, Samuel
Elwes, Henry, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 8.1
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Emerson, William
Emmons, Jeremiah
emperor moth
“Enemies of Butterflies, The” (Scudder), 5.1, 5.2
England, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1
butterfly market in
Entomological Americana, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1
Entomological News, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Epitome of the Natural History of Insects of India (Donovan)
Erie, Lake
Essay on Classification (Agassiz)
Eudaemonia jehovah, 3.1, 3.2
Europe
American collectors disparaged in, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
natural science tradition of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1
Everyday Butterflies (Scudder)
Evolution
evolution, theory of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 8.1
“Evolution and Taxonomy” (Comstock)
excursuses, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
exotics, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
worldwide market in
Exotische Tagfalter (Exotic Butterflies; Staudinger), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Fabricius, Johann, 1.1, 3.1
falcate orangetip
farming
as butterfly habitat, itr.1, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1
industrial, 7.1, 7.2
Felder, Rudolf and Cajetan
Fernald, Charles, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1
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