by David Talbot
174“not a revolution by violence”: Whittaker Chambers, Witness (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2001), 472.
174“it was a call to arms”: Interview with Hiss conducted by Judah Graubart and Alice V. Graubart for their book, Decade of Destiny (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1978). Available on “The Alger Hiss Story” Web site, iles.nyu.edu/th15/public/home.html.
176“We looked at each other”: Chambers, Witness, 73.
176“his attitude to me”: Summers, Arrogance of Power, 69.
176“The true story of the Hiss case”: Ibid., 68.
177“the most important U.S. government economist”: James M. Boughton, “The Case Against Harry Dexter White: Still Not Proven” (working paper, International Monetary Fund, 2000).
177a “New Deal for a new world”: R. Bruce Craig, Treasonable Doubt: The Harry Dexter White Spy Case (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004), 144–45.
179“Allen Dulles’s mouthpiece in Congress”: Loftus and Aarons, Secret War Against the Jews, 222.
179Bentley, however, proved a highly problematic witness: See Craig, Treasonable Doubt; also Kathryn S. Olmsted, Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004).
180“I cannot say he was a Communist”: Chambers, Witness, 431.
180even . . . Clyde Tolson: Craig, Treasonable Doubt, 73.
180“the American creed”: Harry Dexter White testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee, Aug. 13, 1948, courtesy of Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University.
185Drew Pearson . . . dropped a bombshell: Drew Pearson, Washington Merry-Go-Round, Sept. 29, 1952; see also Mark Feldstein, Poisoning the Press: Richard Nixon, Jack Anderson, and the Rise of Washington’s Scandal Culture (New York: Picador, 2010), 46–47.
186He sent a photostatic copy: Summers, Arrogance of Power, 133.
186“We’d better see Allen Dulles”: Ibid.
187Wisner had even urged that Malaxa . . . be deported: Declassified March 14, 1951, CIA memo, Names file: Malaxa, NARA.
187The Malaxa money trail: Ibid.
188“mutilated them in a vicious parody”: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Romania exhibit, http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005472.
189“perhaps the most concise appraisal”: Names file: Malaxa, NARA.
190Walter Winchell exposed the notorious collaborator: Winchell’s syndicated column, “A Balkanazi on Broadway,” May 21, 1948.
190“strategically and economically important”: Summers, Arrogance of Power, 132.
191“Smith was a man who could cuss”: Ibid., 133.
192Malaxa reached out the hand of friendship: Declassified CIA memo, Jan. 16, 1953, Names file: Malaxa, NARA.
Chapter 9: The Power Elite
193“a goddamned anarchist”: Kathryn Mills, ed., C. Wright Mills: Letters and Autobiographical Writings (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 218.
194“not adequate even as an approximate model”: C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 300.
194“the fraternity of the successful”: Ibid., 281.
195America’s “invisible elite”: Ibid., 289.
196“I look forward to the time”: Quoted in John H. Summers, “The Deciders,” New York Times, May 14, 2006.
196“I am a politician without a party”: Kathryn Mills, C. Wright Mills, 303.
196the CIA continued to identify him: Summers, “The Deciders.”
196“The men of the higher circles”: C. Wright Mills, Power Elite, 361.
197“most of these politicians”: Lisagor and Lipsius, 127.
197“There can be no question”: Richard Helms, A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency (New York: Ballantine Books, 2003), 63.
197“The real truth”: Peter Dale Scott, The Road to 9/11: Wealth, Empire and the Future of America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 1.
197“but it did create within the political arena”: C. Wright Mills, Power Elite, 272.
198“For the first time in American history”: Ibid., 184.
198“Such men as these”: John H. Summers, ed., The Politics of Truth: Selected Writings of C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 134.
199“It would be unfair to say”: C. Wright Mills, Power Elite, 235.
200“What reason have you to think I have ever been a Democrat?”: Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier and President (New York: Touchstone, 1991), 259.
200“save this country from going to Hades”: Ibid., 247.
200The two men did not immediately hit it off: Townsend Hoopes, The Devil and John Foster Dulles (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973), 137.
200“Dull, Duller, Dulles”: Jim Newton, Eisenhower: The White House Years (New York: Doubleday, 2011), 86.
201“We should be dynamic”: John Foster Dulles, “A Policy of Boldness,” Life, May 19, 1952.
201he frantically paced the room: Hoopes, Devil and John Foster Dulles, 129.
202a “solid tree trunk of a man”: Ibid., 3.
202a “tough-fibered individual”: Ibid., 140.
203soon had Eisenhower “in his palm”: Ibid., 138.
203“The general was in fine form this morning”: Peter Grose, Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994), 325.
203Dulles proved his loyalty to the Eisenhower-Nixon campaign: Howard Kohn, “The Hughes-Nixon-Lansky Connection: The Secret Alliances of the CIA from World War II to Watergate,” Rolling Stone, May 20, 1976.
203“Smith lacked confidence in Dulles’s self-restraint”: Ludwell Lee Montague, General Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), 264.
204he found himself outmaneuvered by the Dulles brothers: Hoopes, Devil and John Foster Dulles, 145.
205“America’s most covert president”: Blanche Wiesen Cook, The Declassified Eisenhower (New York: Penguin Books, 1984), xv.
205“The national security complex became”: David Halberstam, The Fifties (New York: Ballantine Books, 1994), 371.
205Senator Joseph McCarthy married his office aide: Washington Post, Sept. 30, 1953.
206there was a “conspiracy” to sabotage Eisenhower’s presidency: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1991), 436.
208a troubled Truman wrote to Eleanor Roosevelt: Ted Morgan, Reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Random House, 2003), 321.
208“I’m going to say that I disagree with you”: Ibid., 421.
208“would continue the suicidal Kremlin-shaped policies”: Ibid., 423.
209“The thing that has puzzled me a great deal”: ELD OH.
210“I felt it in Allen”: Ibid.
210“Every once in a while we were teased”: AWD OH, Mudd Library.
211instructed his brother to arrange a secret CIA payment: David Atlee Phillips, Secret Wars Diary: My Adventures in Combat, Espionage Operations and Covert Action (Bethesda, MD: Stone Tail Press, 1988), 126.
211s speech he planned to deliver on the Soviet Union was “rotten”: Ibid.
212“just how cozy the Dulles brothers’ arrangement”: Joseph B. Smith, Portrait of a Cold Warrior (New York: Putnam, 1976), 102.
212McLeod was “anti-intellectual”: Hoopes, Devil and John Foster Dulles, 153.
214“I went over to New York”: ELD OH.
215“McCarthy with a white collar”: Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 1913–1962 (New York: Touchstone, 1988), 312.
216“one obsession: to remain secretary of state”: Hoopes, Devil and John Foster Dulles, 160.
216“My brother was never a witch hunter”: AWD OH, Mudd Library.
217“Schine was Cohn’s dumb blonde”: Morgan, Reds, 429.
218“a book burning”: Ibid., 441.
218found other ways to embarrass their country: Ibid.
, 443.
219suspected Dulles of “secret communist leanings”: Mark Riebling, Wedge: How the Secret War Between the FBI and CIA Has Endangered National Security (New York: Touchstone, 2002), 120.
219“Penetration begins at home”: Quoted in James DiEugenio and Lisa Pease, eds., The Assassinations (Port Townsend, WA: Feral House, 2003), 141.
219rumored to occasionally show off photographic evidence of Hoover’s intimate relationship: See Anthony Summers, Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover (New York: Putnam, 1993).
219“that Virgin Mary in pants”: Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets, 418.
220“Joe McCarthy is a bachelor of 43 years”: Ibid., 433.
220The senator was as surprised as many others: See George Washington University Historical Encyclopedia entry on Jean Fraser Kerr: http://encyclopedia.gwu.edu/index.php?title=Kerr,_Jean_Fraser.
220McCarthy’s habit of drunkenly groping young girls’ breasts: Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets, 434.
221“Roy was furious”: Walter Pforzheimer interview, CIA Web site: www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol44no5/html/v44i5a05p.htm.
221“blatant attempt to thwart the authority of the Senate”: New York Times, July 10, 1953.
221“I’d kick them out”: Washington Post, Aug. 8, 1954.
222“McCarthy has just suffered his first total . . . defeat”: New York Herald-Tribune, July 17, 1953.
222“‘John Foster Dulles’s tougher, younger brother’”: Buffalo Evening News, July 15, 1953.
222Not all of the press reaction . . . was so enthusiastic: Grose, Gentleman Spy, 346.
223“I emerged from my [FBI] ordeal”: Cord Meyer, Facing Reality: From World Federalism to the CIA (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1980), 80.
223“It may be necessary to liquidate Senator McCarthy”: Morgan, Reds, 475.
224“take a firm stand, like Allen Dulles”: Ambrose, Nixon, 316.
224“We’ll wreck the Army”: Morgan, Reds, 468.
Chapter 10: The Dulles Imperium
227the Iranian royals looked “worn, gloomy and anxious”: Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008), 177.
227“We do not have much money”: Abbas Milani, The Shah (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 189.
228“Who is going to play tennis with me”: “Iran: The People Take Over,” Time, Aug. 31, 1953.
228“I took her on the staircase”: Scott Eyman, John Wayne: The Life and Legend (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014), 483.
229Frank Wisner insisted the simultaneous arrival: Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (New York: Anchor Books, 2008), 102–3.
229“By the end of the 1980s, most countries in the Middle East”: Ervand Abrahamian, The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations (New York: The New Press, 2013), 82.
230“This would be the largest overseas development project”: Stephen Kinzer, The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War (New York: Times Books/Henry Holt & Co., 2013), 120.
231“break the back of future generations”: Ibid., 123.
231“delightfully childlike way”: Peter Grose, Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994), 364.
231Mossadegh, who sent the president-elect a heartfelt note: The Mossadegh-Eisenhower Cables, http://www.mohammadmossadegh.com/biography/dwight-d-eisenhower/cables/.
232suggesting that . . . Mossadegh’s government: Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 96.
232“a maturing revolutionary set-up”: Ibid.
232the global crisis over Iran was not a Cold War conflict: Abrahamian, The Coup, 4.
233“I dubbed [Roosevelt] ‘the quiet American’”: Leonard Mosley, Dulles (New York: Doubleday, 1978), 354.
234“This was a grave decision”: Kermit Roosevelt, Countercoup: The Struggle for the Control of Iran (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979), 18.
234The general’s mangled corpse: Abrahamian, The Coup, 179.
235Mossadegh “lost his nerve”: Ibid., 190.
236He was “a wimp”: Evan Thomas, The Very Best Men: The Early Years of the CIA (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 109.
236the shah and Queen Soraya were photographed on a shopping: “Iran: The People Take Over,” Time, Aug. 31, 1953.
236the anything goes “new morality” toward sex: Peter Schweizer and Wynton C. Hall, eds., Landmark Speeches of the American Conservative Movement (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2007), 55.
236While Dulles was dallying with Luce’s wife: Kinzer, The Brothers, 202.
237His “jaw dropped”: Time, Aug. 31, 1953.
237“Four times a night”: Mosley, Dulles, 355.
238“The shah is living in a dream world”: Abrahamian, The Coup, 198–99.
238“Allen would give his left”: Miles Copeland, The Game Player: Confessions of the CIA’s Original Political Operative (London: Aurum Press, 1989), 127.
238“no one paid any attention to him”: “Will Iran Be Another Korea?” Newsweek, Aug. 31, 1953.
238he convinced them to share his exuberance: See William A. Dorman and Mansour Farhang, The U.S. Press and Iran: Foreign Policy and the Journalism of Deference (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 31–62.
231“basically a hollow man”: New York Times, Jan. 7, 1979.
239Kim Roosevelt was among those who cashed in: William Blum, Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2004), 71.
239“It was a day that should never have ended”: New York Times, April 16, 2000. For more about internal CIA reports on Iran coup, see the National Security Archive, http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB435/.
240more like listening to a rousing “dime novel”: David Atlee Phillips, Secret Wars Diary: My Adventures in Combat, Espionage Operations and Covert Action (Bethesda, MD: Stone Tail Press, 1988), 131.
240“purring like a giant cat”: Thomas, Very Best Men, 110.
240the shah unleashed his secret police: Ervand Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Pubic Recantations in Modern Iran (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 88–101.
241Even in death, Mossadegh was taunted by the U.S. press: See “Mossadegh Gets Quiet Iran Burial,” The Mossadegh Project, http://www.mohammadmossadegh.com/news/ap-associated-press/march–6–1967/.
242“He was as nervous as I had ever seen him”: Evan Thomas, Ike’s Bluff: President Eisenhower’s Secret Battle to Save the World (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2012), 7.
243“I’ll just confuse them”: Ibid., 160–61.
244the United States must overcome the “taboo” against nuclear weapons: Ibid., 71.
245“a curious juncture in the history of human insanity”: C. Wright Mills, The Causes of World War III (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1958), 113.
245he offered to give two “A-bombs” to French foreign minister: John Prados, Operation Vulture (New York: iBooks/Simon & Schuster, 2004), 208.
245Foster was surprised to learn: Thomas, Ike’s Bluff, 158.
246“doctrinaire and murderous rigidity”: Mills, The Causes of WW III, 112.
246“I watched Dulles making notes”: Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), 397.
246Foster sent out a long cable: Townsend Hoopes, The Devil and John Foster Dulles (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973), 302.
248“Allen, can’t you find an assassin?”: Richard Harris Smith, “Allen Dulles and the Politics of Assassination,” Washington Post, Dec. 2, 1975.
248The secretary of state assured the oilmen: Mills, The Causes of WW III, 65–66.
249“takes a strange kind of genius to run it”: Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 156.
250Bush “was the day-to-day contact man for the CIA”: Joseph J. Trento, Prelude to Terror: The Rogue CIA and the Legacy of America’s Private Intelligence Network (New York: Carroll
& Graf Publishers, 2005), 8–9.
250“Walter, you tell Mr. Dulles that he had his hearing”: James Srodes, Allen Dulles: Master of Spies (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 1999), 486.
250“The things we did were ‘covert’”: Jim Newton, Eisenhower: The White House Years (New York: Doubleday, 2011), 108.
250“Dad could be fooled”: Thomas, Ike’s Bluff, 142.
251“scared the hell out of us”: Grose, Gentleman Spy, 446.
251“ardent disciples of Allen Dulles”: L. Fletcher Prouty, The Secret Team: The CIA and Its Allies in Control of the United States and the World (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2008), 368.
251Arbenz was showered with abuse: “Guatemala: Battle of the Backyard,” Time, Sept. 20, 1954.
252Hunt claimed that he had spread the word: Ann Louise Bardach, “Scavenger Hunt,” Slate, Oct. 6, 2004.
252“They were trying to break him down”: Author interview with Erick Arbenz.
253The agency’s disinformation campaign began immediately: See Roberto Garcia Ferreira, “The CIA and Jacobo Arbenz: History of a Disinformation Campaign,” Journal of Third World Studies 25, no. 2 (Fall 2008): 59–81.
254The tragedy was “trapped in his head”: Ibid.
254Hunt . . . continued to track closely the man: Ann Louise Bardach, “Scavenger Hunt.”
255Arbenz’s beloved daughter, Arabella: Rich Cohen, The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America’s Banana King (New York: Macmillan, 2012), 206.
256But Maria Arbenz always believed that her husband had been assassinated: Author interview with Erick and Claudia Arbenz.
257Jacobo and Maria Arbenz were the Kennedys of Guatemala’s fledgling democracy: Piero Gleijeses, Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944–54 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991), 134–47.
259The powerful influence of the United Fruit Company: Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer, Bitter Fruit: The Story of the American Coup in Guatemala (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), 102–7.
260Foster made a discreet tour of Central America: Peter Chapman, Bananas: How the United Fruit Company Shaped the World (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2007), 84–85.
260a “Communist-type reign of terror”: New York Times, June 16, 1954.
