by David Talbot
407Dulles “actually had more misgivings”: Schlesinger, Journals, 113.
408Taylor’s “strongest tilts”: Pfeiffer, Official CIA History of the Bay of Pigs Operation, vol. 4, 8.
408“crossed all lines”: Ibid., 4.
409“a chain reaction of success”: Letter from AWD and Arleigh Burke to Gen. Maxwell Taylor, June 9, 1961, www.MaryFerrell.org.
409“were headed for the elephants’ burial ground”: Pfeiffer, Official CIA History of the Bay of Pigs Operation, vol. 4, 8.
410he demonstrated integrity as IG: Kirkpatrick obituary, New York Times, March 6, 1995.
410opposing the assassination of Lumumba: Ibid.
410arranged for one finally to be hung: Kirkpatrick OH, JFK Library.
410a “hatchet job”: Weber, Spymasters, 137.
410“basically Kirk’s vendetta”: Miami Herald, Feb. 28, 1998.
410“When you speak honestly”: Author interview with Lyman Kirkpatrick Jr.
411a “stuttering rage”: Joseph B. Smith, Portrait of a Cold Warrior (New York: Putnam, 1976), 327.
411“It seemed [to us] that the RIF program was aimed more at the CIA”: McGehee, Deadly Deceits, 54.
411“Pulling out the rug”: Harris Wofford, Of Kennedys and Kings (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992), 350.
411“Mr. Kennedy . . . was a very bad president”: Arleigh Burke OH, U.S. Naval Institute.
412“He thought Lemnitzer was a dope”: Author interview with AS.
412“Johnson was a great admirer of the military”: Jack Bell OH, JFK Library.
413two units of paratroopers: Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962 (New York: New York Review Book, 2006), 454.
413“government of capitulation”: Ibid., 450.
413De Gaulle quickly concluded: London Observer, May 2, 1961. See also Vincent Jauvert, L’Amérique contre de Gaulle: Historie secrète (1961–1969) (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2000), 198–99.
414had a luncheon meeting with Richard Bissell: New York Times, May 4, 1961.
414De Gaulle’s foreign ministry was the source: Jauvert, L’Amérique contre de Gaulle, 192–93.
414“because he was convinced he had unqualified American support”: Washington Post, April 30, 1961.
414Dulles was forced to issue a strong denial: New York Times, May 2, 1961.
415“To set the record straight”: New York Times, May 1, 1961.
415“Young Cy Sulzberger had some uses”: Carl Bernstein, “The CIA and the Media,” Rolling Stone, Oct. 20, 1977.
415“involved in an embarrassing liaison”: New York Times, April 29, 1961.
415a long history of acrimony: See Robert Belot and Gilbert Karpman, L’affaire suisse: La Résistance a-t-elle trahi de Gaulle? (Paris: Armand Colin, 2009).
415de Gaulle accused Dulles: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998), 630.
416the spymaster would set himself up at a suite: Frédéric Charpier, La CIA en France: 60 ans d’ingérence dans les affaires françaises (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2008), 102–5.
416determined to shut down the secret “stay-behind army”: Jonathan Kwitny, “The CIA’s Secret Armies in Europe,” The Nation, April 6, 1992.
416Dulles flew to Paris for a face-to-face meeting: Charpier, La CIA en France, 219–28.
417At a National Security Council meeting: Jauvert, L’Amérique contre de Gaulle, 190–91.
417“A pre-revolutionary atmosphere”: Ibid.
418“the CIA is such a vast”: Ibid., 197–98.
418to offer the French leader “any help”: Le Monde, May 10, 1961.
419a “reactionary state-within-a-state”: New York Times, May 4, 1961.
419“He thought that harmonious relations”: Hervé Alphand OH, JFK Library.
419“In this grave hour”: Washington Post, April 25, 1961.
420“I am surprised that you are still alive”: Anne and Pierre Rouanet, L’Inquietude outré-mort du General de Gaulle (Paris: Éditions Grasset, 1985), 219.
420“there was not much to stop them”: Horne, A Savage War of Peace, 455.
420“by men whose duty”: Ibid.
420Over ten million people: New York Times, April 25, 1961.
421handing out helmets and uniforms: Horne, A Savage War of Peace, 456.
421Police swooped down: Washington Post, April 29, 1961.
421“carrying his own suitcase”: Time, May 5, 1961.
422de Gaulle launched a new purge: Charpier, La CIA en France, 224–25.
422“liquidations [were] an almost daily routine”: Philippe Thyraud de Vosjoli, Lamia (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1970), 261.
422“I can testify”: Constantin Melnik, Politiquement incorrect (Paris: Éditions Plon, 1999), 84.
422offered to hire him for a new private intelligence agency: Charpier, La CIA en France, 226.
423recruited their own secret assassins: De Vosjoli, Lamia, 266–69.
424“Why wake up old demons”: Jauvert, L’Amérique contre de Gaulle, 202.
424“Kennedy will not begin to be President”: AS journals, March 23, 1961, NYPL archives.
424The president was “disgusted” by Wrightsman’s disloyalty: Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy (New York: Hyperion, 2011), 188.
425“scapegoats to expiate administration guilt”: E. Howard Hunt, Give Us This Day (New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1973), 215.
426“We tried to make a pleasant evening of it”: Senator Prescott Bush letter to Clover Dulles, undated, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
426“The Allen Dulles Memorial Mausoleum”: David Atlee Phillips, Secret Wars Diary: My Adventures in Combat, Espionage Operations and Covert Action (Bethesda, MD: Stone Tail Press, 1988), 162.
426“I regard Allen Dulles as an almost unique”: Remarks upon presenting National Security Award to AWD, Nov. 28, 1961, JFK Library.
427who’s who list of Fortune 500 executives: CIA memo, Nov. 28, 1961, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
427“It is almost unbelievable”: J. Peter Grace letter to Dulles, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
427“Clover, I’ll be home later”: Phillips, Secret Wars Diary, 165.
427“His morale . . . was pretty low”: Ibid.
427“I don’t want any more of the Dulles family”: Leonard Mosley, Dulles (New York: Doubleday, 1978), 510.
427“It was silly”: Ibid.
428“He had a very difficult time”: Angleton testimony, Church Committee, Feb. 6, 1976.
428“As you know”: Jan. 16, 1962, AWD letter to colleague whose name was deleted by CIA upon release of document, Mudd Library.
Chapter 16: Rome on the Potomac
429The astronaut succeeded in staying dry, but: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Journals: 1952–2000 (New York: Penguin Press, 2007), 158.
430“a huge, dripping mass”: Ibid., 122.
430“Southern congressmen were especially interested”: Drew Pearson, Washington Merry-Go-Round, June 24, 1962.
430the president shared some of his own . . . movie opinions: Schlesinger, Journals, 137.
431Time magazine, which poked fun: “The Administration: Big Splash at Hickory Hill,” Time, June 29, 1962.
431“I scent a manhunt”: AS journals, July 1, 1962, NYPL archives.
431“Don’t worry about it”: Ibid.
432Schlesinger endorsed a crude effort: Michael Wreszin, “Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Scholar Activist in Cold War America: 1946–1956,” Salmagundi, nos. 63–64 (Spring–Summer 1984): 255–85.
433“like the brightest student in the class”: New York Times, March 1, 2007.
433the Soviet Union was a “messianic state”: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “Origins of the Cold War,” Foreign Affairs 46 (October 1967): 22–32, 34–35, 42–50, 52.
433“the notion of American spooks”: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., A Life in the Twentieth Century (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2002), 350.
433“
The Dulles brothers . . . were self-righteous”: Author interview with Marian Schlesinger.
434Schlesinger made an effort to maintain cordial relations: AS-AWD correspondence, AS papers, JFK Library.
435Kennedy was nervous about meeting the formidable New York intellectual: AS journals, July 28, 1961, NYPL.
435JFK was at his dazzling best: Ibid., Aug. 1, 1961.
435“And I still believe”: Ibid., April 8, 1962.
436“Now Arthur, cut it out”: “The Historian as Participant,” Time, Dec. 17, 1965.
436“You can be damn sure”: Ibid.
436C. Wright Mills denouncing “Kennedy and company”: Arthur M. Schlesinger, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (New York: Mariner Books, 2002), 286.
437“That’s a great idea, Arthur”: Kenneth P. O’Donnell and David F. Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye” (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972), 282.
437“I have the feeling that the president”: Schlesinger, Journals, 166.
438“Dulles stooges”: AS journals, July 9, 1961, NYPL archives.
438“a man of limited interests and imagination”: Ibid., July 15, 1961.
439“I served in the OSS”: AS memo for the president, April 21, 1961, AS White House files, JFK Library.
439“The Central Intelligence Agency is sick”: Confidential memo, author unidentified, AS White House files.
439“implies a fairly drastic rearrangement”: AS memo for the president, June 30, 1961, AS White House files.
440Taylor argued forcefully against the Schlesinger plan: AS journals, July 9, 1961, NYPL archives.
440Schlesinger gave the choice his blessing: Ibid., July 15, 1961.
441“The possibly consoling thought”: Ibid., Oct. 8, 1961.
441“He was very critical of Dulles”: Ibid., Oct. 17, 1961.
442“systematically sabotaged by the military and the CIA”: Ibid., May 14, 1962.
442“McCone has no business”: Ibid., March 21, 1963.
442a “sick elephant”: Syndicated column by Henry Taylor, New York World-Telegram, Jan. 17, 1964.
443“a direct attack on me”: AWD letter to Henry Taylor, Jan. 21, 1964, declassified by CIA, www.foia.cia.gov.
443“there is no such thing as the New Frontier”: AS journals, Nov. 12, 1961, NYPL archives.
443“Eisenhower-Dulles continuities”: Schlesinger, Journals, 164.
444“Every time steel prices jump”: Kansas City Times, March 9, 1959.
445“the most painfully embarrassing”: O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 406.
445“We were going to go for broke”: Edwin O. Guthman and Jeffrey Shulman, eds., Robert Kennedy in His Own Words (New York: Bantam Books, 1988), 333.
445“I told him that his men could keep their horses”: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 637.
446“a display of naked political power”: Ibid., 638.
446“I understand better every day why Roosevelt”: Schlesinger, Journals, 157.
446“ass-kissing posture”: AS journals, June 17, 1962, NYPL archives.
446“I have rarely seen a man”: Ibid., July 1, 1962.
446he “only wished there were no Cold War”: Schlesinger, Journals, 137.
447“I was their man of the year”: O’Donnell and Power, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 407.
447“I do feel an immense relief”: Clover Dulles letter to MB, Jan. 3, 1962, Schlesinger Library.
448“It was a memorable moment in my life”: Henry Luce OH, JFK Library.
449“I wrote this book as an antidote”: E. Howard Hunt letter to AWD, Aug. 28, 1962, www.foia.cia.gov.
449“I have always thought well of Hunt”: AWD letter to Richard Helms, July 27, 1962, www.foia.cia.gov.
450Shef Edwards . . . even stepped in: AWD letter to Sheffield Edwards, Jan. 31, 1963, www.foia.cia.gov.
450Rumsfeld arranged for Dulles to speak: Correspondence between Donald Rumsfeld and AWD in February–March 1963, Mudd Library.
451“The President believed he was President”: Robert F. Kennedy, Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1969), 72.
451“At the climax of the events around Cuba”: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 690.
451“He didn’t let himself become frightened”: Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), 500.
452his Georgetown neighbors poured into the street: AS journals, July 21, 1963, NYPL archives.
452“I am almost a ‘peace-at-any-price’ president”: Ibid., Sept. 5, 1961.
453“There was virtually a coup atmosphere”: Author interview with Daniel Ellsberg.
453LeMay and his top Air Force generals: Strategic Air Warfare: An Interview with Generals Curtis LeMay, Leon Johnson, David Burchinal and Jack Catton (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, U.S. Air Force, 1988).
454“He said to get out of that boat business”: Anthony R. Carrozza, William D. Pawley: The Extraordinary Life of the Adventurer, Entrepreneur and Diplomat (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012), 255.
454Pawley wrote a long letter: Ibid.
456“He’s a real bastard”: Ted Widmer, ed., Listening In: The Secret White House Recordings of John F. Kennedy (New York: Hyperion, 2012), 77.
456he “doubted” he would ever be willing to work: Newsday, June 22, 1963.
457the conversation . . . soon grew heated: Peter Dale Scott letter to author.
458Sierra arranged to meet with Dulles: Internal CIA document, www.maryferrell.org.
458Dulles and Clay were unusual company for a man who: For Sierra biographical background, see House Select Committee on Assassinations Report; see also Robert Blakey and Richard N. Billings, Fatal Hour: The Assassination of President Kennedy by Organized Crime (New York: Berkley Books, 1992), 194–99.
460local Secret Service officials foiled: See Lamar Waldron, The Hidden History of the JFK Assassination (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint Press, 2013), 301–9; and Abraham Bolden, The Echo from Dealey Plaza (New York: Broadway Books, 2009).
461“Father’s patriotism . . . made him go a little overboard”: Author interview with Paul Sierra.
Chapter 17: The Parting Glass
463Segni paid tribute: Fraleigh OH.
463“war is not inevitable”: Remarks of the President at Dinner Hosted by President Antonio Segni, July 1, 1963, JFK Library.
464Even L’Unità . . . appreciatively noted: L’Unità, July 2, 1963.
465“My impression is that [Nenni] has honestly broken”: AS memo to President Kennedy, March 5, 1962, AS papers, JFK Library.
465former ambassador Luce lobbied frantically: Spencer M. Di Scala, Renewing Italian Socialism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 131.
466“Lest you think”: Arthur Schlesinger Jr. lecture, “The Kennedy Administration and the Center Left,” delivered at JFK Library, March 18, 1993.
466he arranged for United Auto Workers leaders: Leopoldo Nuti, “Missiles or Socialists: The Italian Policy of the Kennedy Administration,” in John F. Kennedy and Europe, ed. Douglas Brinkley and Richard T. Griffiths (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999), 133–34.
466When an Italian news photographer: Fraleigh OH.
466“They have spent hundreds of millions of dollars”: Pietro Nenni, “Where the Italian Socialists Stand,” Foreign Affairs 40, no. 2 (January 1962): 213–23.
467Nenni was “absolutely enraptured”: Fraleigh OH.
467The president, too, thought his trip to Rome was a “considerable success”: AS journals, July 5, 1963, NYPL.
468The secret meeting between Pionzio and Freato: Author interview with Carlo Mastelloni, a former investigating magistrate in Venice and a leading expert on the secrets of the First Italian Republic
469Guy Burgess . . . drew a lewd . . . caricature: David C. Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors (Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2003), 48.
469“the poet and the cop”: Ibid., 11.
470a “very esteemed [and] rea
lly reliable friend”: Reinhard Gehlen letter to CG Harvey, Jan. 4, 1977, Bayard Stockton papers, University of California, Santa Barbara Library, Special Collections.
470“one of the most daring”: Bayard Stockton, Flawed Patriot: The Rise and Fall of CIA Legend Bill Harvey (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2006), 92.
470One of CG Harvey’s secret assignments: Indianapolis Star, Oct. 3, 2000.
471Harvey made a trip to Europe: Stockton, Flawed Patriot, 114.
471Harvey was put in charge of the top secret operation: Ibid., 123.
471Rosselli was a man of “integrity”: William Harvey testimony before the Church Committee, June 25 and July 11, 1975.
471“I loved Rosselli”: Interview with CG Harvey, jfkfacts.org., Nov. 6, 2014.
472Harvey kept much of the operation . . . a secret from President Kennedy: William Harvey testimony, Church Committee.
472and let loose a fart: Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors, 137.
472“that fucker”: Ibid., 136.
473Giving him Rome was Angleton’s idea: Ibid., 183.
473Helms and Angleton did not tell McCone: Ibid., 186.
473“goddam wops”: Ibid., 182.
473“I just don’t understand”: Author interview with Susan Wyatt.
473would throw rats over the wall: Stockton, Flawed Patriot, 237.
475The CIA station chief urged Colonel Renzo Rocca: Philip Willan, Puppetmasters: The Political Use of Terrorism in Italy (San Jose, CA: Authors Choice Press, 2002), 38.
475stunned to hear his boss propose recruiting Mafia hit men: Author interview with Alan Wyatt.
475Harvey pulled a gun on Wyatt: Author interview with Susan Wyatt.
475General Giovanni de Lorenzo . . . threatened to: Di Scala, Renewing Italian Socialism, 152–54; Daniele Ganser, NATO’s Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe (London: Frank Cass, 2005), 71–72; see also: “Twenty-Six Years Later, Details of Planned Rightist Coup Emerge,” Associated Press, Jan. 5, 1991.
476to give the old man the “chilling” truth: Di Scala, Renewing Italian Socialism, 143.
476Wyatt found Harvey collapsed in bed: Stockton, Flawed Patriot, 208–9.
476“My dad would sometimes talk about Harvey”: Author interview with Tom Wyatt.
477“‘I always wondered what Bill Harvey was doing in Dallas in November 1963’”: Author interview with Fabrizio Calvi. Susan Wyatt believes that Calvi must have misunderstood her father, whom she doubts took a flight to Dallas in November 1963. She thinks that her father’s suspicions about Harvey were based on remarks that the Rome station chief made to Wyatt after Kennedy’s assassination.
