by David Talbot
331“Wright is fortunate in his enemies”: Norman Birnbaum, “The Half-Forgotten Prophet: C. Wright Mills,” The Nation, March 11, 2009.
332Macdonald . . . broke out of the Cold War thought bubble: Saunders, Cultural Cold War, 266.
332“obviously published under American auspices”: Wilford, Mighty Wurlitzer, 115.
332“What did you think of the dominance of poetics by the CIA?”: Ibid.
333“I remember Jim as one of the most complex men”: Richard Helms, A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency (New York: Ballantine Books, 2003), 276.
333Angleton would report to Dulles on the results of his “fishing expeditions”: Michael Howard Holzman, James Jesus Angleton: The CIA and the Craft of Counterintelligence (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2008), 131.
333“You know how I got to be in charge”: Joseph Trento, The Secret History of the CIA (Roseville, CA: Prima Publishing, 2001), 478.
334“They’d start chasing each other”: Author interview with Siri Hari Angleton.
335the exposure of Kim Philby was lodged in the deepest recesses: Helms, A Look over My Shoulder, 278.
335If he were the sort of chap who murdered people: Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton, the CIA’s Master Spy Hunter (New York: Touchstone, 1991), 68–69.
335“I couldn’t find that we ever caught a spy”: Ibid., 313.
335“‘I’m not a genius’”: Author interview with Siri Hari Angleton.
335“Jim . . . is the apple of my eye”: Ibid.
335“Angleton was fascinating”: Author interview with Joan Talley.
336Clover suspected that the aesthetic spy was “in his cups”: Clover Dulles letter to Joan Talley, May 8, 1961, MCD papers.
336“It is inconceivable that a secret intelligence arm”: Robin W. Winks, Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996), 327.
337He summoned two Jewish CIA officers: Author interview with confidential source.
338“I am not Christ”: Jon Lee Anderson, Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life (New York: Grove Press, 1997), 199.
339“This is like prison”: New York Times, April 25, 1959.
339“Castro is not only not a Communist”: Tad Szulc, Fidel: A Critical Portrait (New York: Perennial, 2002), 490.
339a “pathological hatred for Castro”: Anthony R. Carrozza, William D. Pawley: The Extraordinary Life of the Adventurer, Entrepreneur and Diplomat (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012), 224.
342“We Negro people have enough problems”: New York Times, Sept. 26, 1960.
342“We don’t discriminate against anybody”: New York Times, Sept. 21, 1960.
342The gangster was not “a communist”: Rosemari Mealy, Fidel and Malcolm X: Memories of a Meeting (Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 2013), 36.
342Wilcox saw a “spiritual connection”: Ibid., 37.
343“told white America to go to hell”: Ibid., 48.
344“Colonies do not speak”: Fidel Castro speech to the UN General Assembly, Sept. 26, 1960, http://www.school-for-champions.com/speeches/castro_un_1960.htm#.U-alVYBdUa4.
344I. F. Stone pronounced Castro’s oration: D. D. Guttenplan, American Radical: The Life and Times of I. F. Stone (New York: Macmillan, 2009), 351.
345Robert Taber . . . stirred liberal circles: Bill Simpich “Fair Play for Cuba and the Cuban Revolution,” CounterPunch, July 24, 2009, www.counterpunch.org.
345“addicted to the habit of conversation”: Introductory essay by Gabriel García Márquez, “A Personal Portrait of Fidel,” in Fidel Castro, My Early Years, ed. Deborah Shnookal and Pedro Álvarez Tabío (Melbourne: Ocean Press, 1998), 13.
346“the people in Harlem are not so addicted to the propaganda”: New York Citizen-Call, Sept. 24, 1960.
346“The only white person that I have really liked was Fidel”: Mealy, Fidel and Malcolm X, 57.
347“usually when one sees a man”: Confidential FBI memo, Nov. 17, 1960, file # 105–8999, http://vault.fbi.gov/Malcolm%20X/Malcolm%20X%20Part%207%20of%2038.
347Maheu recounted a long night of soul-searching: Author interview with Robert Maheu.
347Maheu realized that he would “have blood on [his] hands”: Maheu, 138.
348“What do you want us to do?”: Fidel Castro press conference, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mqAEslLB3M.
349“Fidel Castro is part of the legacy of Bolivar”: John F. Kennedy, Strategy of Peace (New York: HarperCollins, 1960), 167.
349“betrayed the ideals of the Cuban revolution”: JFK campaign speech, Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 6, 1960, JFK Library.
350“I am happy to come to this hotel”: JFK campaign speech, Hotel Theresa, New York City, Oct. 12, 1960, JFK Library.
Chapter 14: The Torch Is Passed
352“Democracy works only”: Peter Grose, Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994), 127.
353“broad social aims”: New York Times, Sept. 16, 1938.
353“selling out” his country: New York Times, Sept. 20, 1938.
353“I’m not a political type”: Ted Widmer, ed., Listening In: The Secret White House Recordings of John F. Kennedy (New York: Hyperion, 2012), 30.
354“I knew just about everybody”: Newsweek, April 23, 1962.
354“aggressively shy”: Dave Powers interview, Clay Blair Jr. collection, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.
355“It was great”: Ibid.
356“I just don’t think you have to have that type of personality”: Widmer, Listening In, 39.
356“All war is stupid”: Thurston Clarke, Ask Not: The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (New York: Henry Holt, 2004), 109.
356“He was very close to my brother”: Author interview with Edward M. Kennedy.
356Dulles first met Kennedy: Dulles OH, JFK Library.
357“At least one half of the days”: Pierre Salinger and Sander Vanocur, A Tribute to John F. Kennedy (New York: Encylopaedia Britannica, 1964), 156.
357Kennedy recited his favorite poem: Arthur M. Schlesinger, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (New York: Mariner Books, 2002), 98.
357Wrightsman was a globe-trotting oil millionaire: Francesca Stanfill, “Jayne’s World,” Vanity Fair, January 2003.
358“Jayne and I are leaving Paris”: Wrightsman letter to Dulles, July 31, 1953, AWD correspondence, Mudd Library.
358“The mere mention of the Wrightsmans”: MB journal.
359“He was suffering a good deal of pain”: Dulles OH, JFK Library.
360“At Antibes, we did the usual thing”: Clover Dulles letter to Allen Dulles Jr., Sept. 1, 1955, MCD correspondence, Schlesinger Library.
361Kennedy met with an astute American embassy officer: Seymour Topping, On the Front Lines of the Cold War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2010), 152.
361“to pour money, materiel and men into the jungle”: Remarks of Sen. John F. Kennedy before Senate, April 6, 1954, JFK Library.
362“The most powerful single force”: Remarks of Sen. John F. Kennedy before Senate, July 2, 1957, JFK Library.
363“That’s fine—everybody likes independence”: William B. Ewald OH, JFK Library.
363“that little bastard”: AS journals, June 20, 1973, NYPL archives.
363“He is a terribly cold man”: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 18.
363While Kennedy’s denunciation of French colonialism: Richard D. Mahoney, JFK: Ordeal in Africa (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 20–21.
364“Some of the peoples of Africa have been out of trees”: Philip E. Muehlenbeck, Betting on the Africans: John F. Kennedy’s Courting of African Nationalist Leaders (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 6.
364“those niggers”: Ibid., 5.
364“I could see that my brother was in great pain”: AWD OH, Mudd Library.
365“formidable and ruthless challenge”: Ibid.
365“Foster had only days”:
Grose, Gentleman Spy, 461.
366one of the most “soul-searching questions”: White House memorandum for the record, written by A. J. Goodpaster, Feb. 8, 1960, U-2 spy plane files, Eisenhower Library.
366“a most unusual event”: L. Fletcher Prouty, The Secret Team: The CIA and Its Allies in Control of the United States and the World (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2008), 422.
366“yelling at the top of his voice”: Evan Thomas, Ike’s Bluff: President Eisenhower’s Secret Battle to Save the World (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2012), 380.
366never wanted to set eyes on Dulles again: Ibid.
367“I cannot change Allen Dulles”: Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (New York: Anchor Books, 2008), 193.
367“a body floating in thin air”: Ibid., 194.
367a “legacy of ashes”: Ibid.
368Bancroft wrote Kennedy a gushing letter: Bancroft letter to JFK, July 14, 1959, MB papers, Schlesinger Library.
368add his late brother’s name: AWD letter to JFK, June 21, 1959, JFK Library.
368It was Jackie Kennedy who tipped off Dulles: AWD OH, JFK Library.
369Nixon accused Kennedy: Richard Nixon, Six Crises (New York: Touchstone, 1990), 353.
369“Nixon indicated he thought he’d been double-crossed”: AWD OH, JFK Library.
369Robert Kennedy . . . phoned Dulles at home: AWD memorandum for the record, Sept. 21, 1960, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
370“As I mentioned to you”: AWD memorandum for Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, Sept. 25, 1960, Mudd Library.
371The first thing he should do: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 125.
371“He used to be a liberal”: AS journals, Aug. 31, 1962, NYPL.
372“but they shouldn’t worry”: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 143.
372“I’m your basic man-eating shark”: Thomas, Ike’s Bluff, 405.
373“There must be someone you really trust”: Ibid.
373maintaining a warm correspondence: See AWD papers, Mudd Library.
373he used his post to identify future prospects: David Atlee Phillips, Secret Wars Diary: My Adventures in Combat, Espionage Operations and Covert Action (Bethesda, MD: Stone Tail Press, 1988), 149.
373“the Pentagon’s secretary of state”: Time, Nov. 15, 1963.
374secretary, Letitita Baldridge, had worked for the CIA: New York Times, Nov. 2, 2012.
374“After dinner, the men sat around”: William Walton OH, JFK Library.
375“the vilest scramble for loot”: Adam Hochschild, King Leopold’s Ghost (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998), 4.
376“much too painful to be forgotten”: Lumumba’s Independence Day speech, June 30, 1960, www.marxists.org/subject/africa/lumumba/1960/06/independence.htm.
376“marred the ceremonies”: New York Times, July 1, 1960.
377“mortgage the national sovereignty”: New York Times, Oct. 3, 1960.
377“[Father] seemed uncomfortable”: Adam Hochschild, Half the Way Home: A Memoir of Father and Son (Boston: Mariner Books, 2005), 155.
378stuffed full of the imbecilities: See Wendy Burden, Dead End Gene Pool: A Memoir (New York: Gotham Books, 2010).
378Everything was “marvelous”: Ibid., 54.
378“Dear Allan”: Cable from Burden to Dulles, Nov. 27, 1959, www.foia.cia.gov.
379“We want no part”: New York Times, Aug. 4, 1960.
379“a Castro or worse”: Muehlenbeck, Betting on the Africans, 22.
379“would fall into a river of crocodiles”: Ludo De Witte, The Assassination of Lumumba (London: Verso, 2001), xiii.
379“There was a stunned silence”: London Guardian, Aug. 9, 2000; see also the Church Committee Report, Assassination Planning and the Plots: Congo, 55–56.
379“would remain a grave danger”: Church Committee Report, Assassination Planning and the Plots: Congo, 52–53.
380“give [sic] every possible”: Ibid., 62.
380“He had this tremendous”: Ibid., 63.
380“unsavory”: Ibid., 46.
381“Our program is clear”: Lev Volodin, Patrice Lumumba: Fighter for Africa’s Freedom (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1961), 104–10.
381“the life of the whole nation is at stake”: Andrée Blouin, My Country, Africa: Autobiography of the Black Pasionaria (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1983), 272.
381“When one struggles”: Madeleine G. Kalb, The Congo Cables: The Cold War in Africa (New York: Macmillan, 1982), 162.
382“On Lumumba’s dazed face”: Blouin, My Country, Africa, 273.
383a Democratic fact-finding delegation: New York Times, Dec. 24, 1960.
383he became closely associated with Jim Angleton: Author interview with William Gowen.
384“inexperienced and irresponsible”: New York Times, Aug. 19, 1960.
384“virtual dictator”: New York Times, May 18, 1960.
384“the weirdest character”: New York Times, Oct. 16, 1960.
384“three houseboys at his service”: New York Times, Dec. 11, 1960.
385“The CIA was not the innocent bystander”: Stephen R. Weissman, “An Extraordinary Rendition,” Intelligence and National Security 15, no. 2 (April 2010): 198–222.
385“his goose was cooked”: Church Report, Assassination Planning, 50.
385Devlin sealed Lumumba’s fate: See Weissman, “What Really Happened in the Congo,” Foreign Affairs 93, no. 4 (July–August 2014): 14–24; see also: Kalb, Congo Cables, 189–96.
386even Tshombe and his ministers: De Witte, Assassination of Lumumba, 105–6.
386“Eventually he was killed”: Mahoney, JFK: Ordeal in Africa, 71.
386Stockwell fell into conversation: John Stockwell, In Search of Enemies: A CIA Story (New York: Norton, 1978), 105.
386The old Congo hands were alarmed: Larry Devlin, Chief of Station, Congo (New York: Public Affairs, 2007), 133–50.
387“stick around”: Jacques Lowe Web site, jacqueslowe.com.
387“I was alone with the president”: Jacques Lowe, Kennedy: A Time Remembered (Northampton, MA: Interlink Publishing, 1983).
388Time magazine snickered: “Congo: Death of Lumumba—and After,” Time, Feb. 24, 1961.
388The New York Times continued to demean: New York Times Magazine, Oct. 29, 1961.
388“Our strong leader is gone”: New York Times, Feb. 15, 1961.
388his final letter to his wife: “The Last Letter of Patrice Lumumba,” http://ziomania .com/lumumba.
389“I think we overrated”: Weissman, “What Really Happened in the Congo.”
Chapter 15: Contempt
394“I’m Dick Drain”: Peter Wyden, Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 265.
396“I knew I could get back”: AWD OH, JFK Library.
396“inexcusable”: Jack B. Pfeiffer, Official CIA History of the Bay of Pigs Operation, vol. 4, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB355/
396Drain vented: Ibid., vol. 3, 128.
397staffed largely by the agency’s losers: Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Inspector General’s Survey of the Cuban Operation, October 1961, 41–43.
397“a bunch of guys”: Ralph E. Weber, ed., Spymasters: Ten CIA Officers in Their Own Words (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999), 173.
398“When the project became blown to every newspaper reader”: Kirkpatrick, Inspector General’s Survey of the Cuban Operation, 62.
398“status of puppets”: Ibid., 143.
398“badly organized”: Ibid., 144.
398“so wrapped up in the military operation”: Ibid., 143.
398“doomed” from the start: Ibid., 34.
398“now seen to be unachievable”: Quoted in Miami Herald, Aug. 11, 2005.
399“Kennedy’s election has given rise”: AS journals, Feb. 2, 1961, NYPL archives.
399“a grenade with the pin pulled”: Jim Rasenberger, The Brilliant Disaster: JFK, Castro and America’s Doomed Invasion of Cuba’s Bay of Pigs (New York: Scribner, 2011), 114.
399“invading Cuba without actual
ly invading it”: Ibid., 140.
400“I was prepared to run it”: Ibid., 216.
401“a little bit trapped”: Weber, Spymasters, 175.
401Admiral Burke was especially gruff: Wyden, Bay of Pigs, 270.
402“They were sure I’d give in”: Kenneth P. O’Donnell and David F. Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye” (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972), 274.
402“Nobody is going to force me”: Paul B. Fay Jr., The Pleasure of His Company (New York: Popular Library, 1977), 161.
403“great emotional stress”: Wyden, Bay of Pigs, 294.
403“One ought never to sell”: AWD OH, JFK Library.
403“I stood right here”: Theodore C. Sorensen, Kennedy (New York: Bantam Books, 1966), 332.
403Dulles “didn’t really feel comfortable”: Weber, Spymasters, 158.
403“Mr. Houston says [Yarmolinksy]”: Declassified CIA memo to Dulles, Feb. 21, 1961, www.MaryFerrell.org.
404Kennedy “was not very impressed”: John Helgerson, “Getting to Know the President: Intelligence Briefings of Presidential Candidates, 1952–2004,” Center for the Study of Intelligence/CIA monograph, May 2012.
404“There was never any recrimination”: AWD OH, JFK Library.
405Dulles convened a private meeting of CEOs: Declassified CIA document, April 18, 1961, www.foia.cia.gov.
405“I have the greatest admiration”: Letter from Charles D. Hilles Jr. to AWD, May 4, 1961, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
405“This would be mere child’s play”: Letter from Watson Washburn to AWD, June 6, 1961, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
405“implied that had events taken their planned course”: Ralph W. McGehee, Deadly Deceits: My 25 Years in the CIA (Melbourne: Ocean Press, 1999), 54.
406when a Harvard Business School student named L. Paul Bremer III: Letter from AWD to Paul Bremer, April 28, 1965, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
406“you have honored me”: Letter from Charles Murphy to AWD, July 9, 1960, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
407“I probably made a mistake”: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Journals: 1952–2000 (New York: Penguin Press, 2007), 112.
407“splinter the CIA”: “CIA: Maker of Policy, or Tool?” New York Times, April 25, 1966.
407“We not only look like imperialists”: Schlesinger, Journals, 120.
407“there would be serious difficulties”: AS journals, May 23, 1961, NYPL archives.
