The Crusades- Islamic Perspectives

by Carole Hillenbrand

  al-Ţarsūsī (judge, writer), 101

  archery, 512, 514

  axes and, 456

  battle formation, 518–19

  Greek fire and, 528

  lance and, 451

  mangonels and, 524

  shields and, 458

  Tarţūs, cathedral of, 331

  textiles, 405–6 trade, Crusader-Muslim contact, 397

  Theophile, lord of Kafartāb, conversion and, 377

  Third Crusade, 24

  Jerusalem and, 192

  Thousand and One Nights, ‘Frankish filth’ in, 294

  timber, naval dimension, 558

  Tīmurtāsh, Frankish prisoners in captivity, 554

  tolerance, pre-Crusading period, 408–10

  trade, 391–98

  Crusader-Muslim contact, 398–402

  translations of primary Arabic sources, 13–14

  travel, 366–70

  Frankish women, 349–50

  treaties, Crusader-Muslim contact, 392

  Tripoli, 20, 29, 75, 76

  pilgrims and, 366

  Ţughtegin (of Damascus), 82, 83

  Frankish prisoners in captivity, 552

  Tunisia, navy and, 562

  Turānshāh (son of al-Sālih Ayyūb), 222

  Turcomans, 441–3

  Turkey (Anatolia), 18

  Turks/Turkish of Anatolia, 40–2

  horsemen, 512–14

  language barrier and, 331

  nomads, Seljuq Turks and, 17, 100–1

  role of, 5

  Tyre, 29, 75, 204

  dinars, Crusader-Muslim contact, 398

  Frankish fortifications, 470

  Frankish leaders and, 344

  navy and, 569

  Saladin and, 24, 172

  al-’Udhrī (geographer), 272 ‘Umar, naval dimension, 557

  al-’Umarī (writer), 232

  images and, 308

  Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, perspectival view, 105(fig.)

  al-’Unayn (poet), chivalric values and, 355

  under-glass paintings, 264–8

  Universal History (Ibn al-Athīr), 10, 52–3 ‘Uqaylids, 351

  Urban II, Pope, 1, 20, 259

  Usāma b. Munqidh (writer), 10, 166, 259–62, 309, 518, 550, 613

  arms, 451–3

  bathhouse, 276–82

  chivalric values, 355–6

  Christian churches, 296

  cleanliness, 276

  conversion, 377

  Crusader religious orders, 335

  Crusader-Muslim contact, 397

  Dome of the Rock, 290

  Franks, 273, 274, 321, 347–8, 350, 351, 354, 365–6, 554

  language barrier, 331

  mangonels, 524

  medicine, 352–3

  Memoirs, 259–62

  pilgrims, 367

  sapping, 531

  swords, 455

  warfare, 433

  ‘Uthmānic Qur’an, 305

  Wade Cup, inscription on, 360(fig.)

  warfare, 431–504

  conduct of, 511–81

  warriors, Frankish women, 348–9

  al-Wāşitī, Ghāzī b. (writer), 48, 162–3, 164

  Frankish Christianity and, 312–13

  water, Muslim fortifications, 484–9

  Way of the Franks who went out to Syria in Those Years, The (Hamdān ibn ‘Abd al-Rahīm), 258

  Ways of Life along the Frontiers (Siyar al-thughūr) (al-Ţarsūsī), 101

  wheel crossbow, 526

  Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 593

  William the Frank, spies and, 549

  Wisdom of Royal Glory (Yūsuf Khāşş Hājib), 439

  women

  armour and, 464

  attitude to, 278–80

  Franks, 313, 347–51

  in jihād, 223

  wood, naval dimension, 558

  worship

  appropriation of monuments, 370–5

  freedom of, 378–81

  written sources, Nūr al-Dīn in, 132–41

  al-Yaghi-Siyānī, Şalāh al-Dīn, Frankish prisoners in captivity, 553

  Yaghisiyān (ruler of Antioch), 68

  al-Yūnīnī (chronicler), Frankish leaders and, 341–2

  al-Zāhir, Fāţimid caliph

  appropriation of monuments, 371–2

  Jerusalem and, 147

  al-Zāhir, al-Malik (Saladin’s son), 498

  Crusader-Muslim contact, 399

  Muslim fortifications, 484, 489

  Sahyūn and, 535–6

  Zakkār (Syrian scholar), 5

  Zengi, ‘Imād al-Dīn, 22, 112–16

  at Edessa, 110–11

  fall of Edessa, 112–16

  Jerusalem, 150

  navy, 564

  recognition of, 5

  sieges, 533

  Zionism, 601

  zodiac signs

  Artuq Shāh mirror, 38(fig.)

  Vaso del Rota, 39(fig.)

  Vaso Vescovali, 53(fig.)

  Zubayda, 268