Jerusalem, 248
Jewett, Sarah Orne, 110, 320, 323
Country of the Pointed Firs, 110
journals, of Woolson women, 23
Keats, John, 94, 129, 142–44, 324, 325
Keese, George Pomeroy, 63
Kentucky, 193, 196
Kern, John Dwight, 323
King, Clarence, 162–63, 164, 166, 172–73, 279
Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada, 162
Kipling, Rudyard, 257, 266, 267, 269, 279
Koran, 252–53
Lake Leman, 142, 147
Lake Otsego, 8, 63, 105, 116
land speculation, 5, 12–13
laudanum, 268–69, 300–301, 303
Layard, Lady, 287, 292, 298, 302, 364
Layard, Lord, 287, 292, 298
Leamington, England, 179, 180, 229
lesbianism, 88–89, 257, 271, 282–83, 342
Lewes, George Henry, 178–79
Lincoln, Abraham, 44, 126, 126
Lippincott’s, 121, 123
Literary World, 141, 153, 202
local-color literature, 79, 158, 319, 323, 324
London, England, 140–41, 154, 182
CFW in, 127, 161, 169–73, 180, 190, 217, 257, 259, 264, 266–67, 274, 285, 299
HJ in, 170, 173, 180, 190, 199, 241, 256, 260, 265, 273, 274, 291
tourist sites of, 120, 292
London Standard, 307, 309
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, “Hiawatha,” 27
Loring, Katharine, 180, 182, 219, 257, 261, 266, 270, 271, 282, 303
love:
art and, 148, 192, 194–95, 195, 204, 226
CFW’s ambivalence about, 32
duty vs., 51–52, 63, 112
as literary theme, 220–21, 231, 233–36, 241, 314, 322
Low, Juliette Gordon “Daisy,” 173
Lowell, James Russell, 193
Mackinac Island, Michigan, 26–27, 45, 46, 55, 59, 63, 71, 75, 85, 110, 111, 113, 260
Madame Chegaray’s finishing school, New York, 41–42, 43, 44, 46, 111
malaria (Roman fever), 142, 144, 248, 250
March, Anne (pseudonym), 73, 111
Margherita, Queen, 143
Mather, Flora Hay, 127, 258–59
Mather, Georgiana Woolson (sister), 3, 12, 13, 23–24, 38, 115
marriage and death of, 29–32, 35, 37, 258
Mather, Katherine “Kate” (niece), 30, 115, 173, 177, 178, 238, 263, 288, 296, 298
Mather, Sam (nephew), 30, 60, 107, 114–15, 189, 233, 239–40, 246, 258, 271, 302, 306, 307, 312, 324
CFW’s correspondence with, 30–31, 34, 52, 55, 105, 108, 121, 132, 139, 140, 142, 153–55, 161, 164, 168, 170, 172, 189, 204, 205, 207, 213, 232, 238, 239, 248, 251, 258–60, 262–63, 265, 273, 274, 278, 284–85, 292–93, 295, 296
Mather, Samuel Livingston, 30, 55, 60, 84, 114, 258
McKinley, William, 126
Meacci, Ricciardo, 290, 312, 363
“The Garden of the Hesperides,” 290, 312, 363
mental illness, 287, 301, 309–10, 321
as literary theme, 235–36
Menton, France, 120–23, 122, 132, 157, 169
Michigan, 13, 82
Middle East, CFW’s trip to, 36, 53, 242, 243, 245–54, 260
Milton, John, 298
“Hymn on the Nativity,” 298
mineral springs, 28, 99, 114, 180
Miss Fuller’s School, Cleveland, 23, 37, 72
Monroe, Harriet, 90
moralizing, 83–84, 89, 321
Morgan, J. P., 186
morphine, 107, 300, 303, 308
Muhammad, Prophet, 257
music:
in Boott family, 193, 224, 257, 259–60, 269
CFW’s love for, 42, 86, 120, 224, 266, 267
Muslims, CFW’s interest in, xv, 251–52
Nation, The, 81, 92, 158, 196, 202, 242
Native Americans, 12, 23, 27
naturalism, 236, 322
Nevin, Robert, 306
New England Palladium, 6
New York, N.Y., 28, 29, 75, 107, 125, 200
CFW in, xv, 41–42, 62, 65–69, 70, 84, 101
social elite of, xv, 11, 15, 41–44, 46, 65–66, 86, 101
New York Evening Post, 242
New York Herald, 241
New York Mail, 73
New York Times, 103, 142, 158, 202, 236
New York Tribune, 24, 65, 84, 127, 320
Norton, Grace, 147, 171, 216
novels, analytical, 110, 131, 154, 175, 202, 232
Oberlin College, 24, 37
Ohio, 15, 26–27, 38, 40, 76, 198, 260
Olga, princess of Montenegro, 299, 364
Oliphant, Margaret, 251, 272
opiates, 268–69, 300–301, 303, 308
orientalism, 253, 284
Osgood, James R., 82, 92, 105, 107, 108, 113
Otsego Hall, 9, 10–11
Overland Monthly, 158
Oxford, England, 180, 263, 298, 313
CFW’s residence in, 264–85, 296, 301
Paget, Violet (pseud. Vernon Lee), 164, 213
Palazzo Barbaro, Venice, 239, 292–93
Palazzo Gritti-Swift, Venice, 165, 287, 289
paranormal phenomena, 28, 257–58, 288, 299, 313
Paris, France, 10, 142, 224, 225
CFW in, 162–63, 285
World’s Fair Exposition in, 238
Pattee, Fred Lewis, 323
Peirce, Charles Sanders, 250
Peirce, James, 250, 257
Pell-Clarke, Henrietta, 127
Perry, Thomas Sergeant, 142, 250
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 96–97
The Gates Ajar, 96
What to Wear, 97
Phillips, Mrs., 269, 298, 301, 312, 313
plots in CFW’s writings, sources for, 45, 48–49, 68
Pomeroy, Ann Cooper, 8–11
Pomeroy, George, 8, 10
Porter, Jane, 25–26
Poynter, Edward, 165
Poynter, Eleanor, 164–65, 225, 230, 238, 257, 269, 306, 312
press:
CFW’s death covered in, 307, 309
CFW’s foray into, 65–67
C. Jarvis Woolson’s career in, 5–7
see also specific publications
Protestant Cemetery, Rome, 143–44, 300, 306–7, 309, 313, 316, 324–26, 325
Pulitzer Prize, 319
Putnam’s, 25, 63
pyramids, 248, 249, 253
Radcliffe College, 40
realism, 76, 78, 83, 89, 142, 150, 162, 175, 178, 200–201, 234, 236, 282, 283, 323
idealism and, 82, 110, 201
Reconstruction, xvi, 102–5
religion, 32–36, 244, 252–53
conventional literary portrayal of, 84
as literary theme, 80–81
rheumatism, 84, 98, 114
Riviera, 119–23
Robinson, Agnes Mary, 164
Rockefeller, John D., 15
Rockwell school, Cleveland, 37
romanticism, 78, 83
Rome, Italy, 123, 164, 207
CFW’s burial site in, see Protestant Cemetery, Rome
CFW’s residence in, 142–45, 160, 161, 166
tourist sites in, 142–43, 144
Roosevelt, Theodore, 126
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 215
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, 253
Ruskin, John, 133, 257, 289, 292
Mornings in Florence, 133
St. Augustine, Fla., 237–38, 279
CFW’s longing for, 175, 178, 205
CFW’s residence in, xv, 85–97, 91, 98, 101, 106, 108, 120, 142, 144, 279
St. John, Samuel, 38–39, 72
Salisbury, England, 173–74
Salisbury, N.C., 104
Sand, George, 22, 94, 149
influence on CFW of, 78–79
La Mare au Diable, 79
Sanitary Commission, U.S., 45
Sargent, John Singer, 198, 26
6
schoolteachers, 39, 60–61, 72
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 257
The World as Will and Idea, 257
Schuyler, Eugene, 250
Scribner’s, 80, 92, 142, 250
Scudder, Horace, 202–3, 241
serialization of CFW’s novels, xv, 27, 111, 133, 151, 154, 157, 174–75, 177, 182, 228, 231–32, 241, 284, 351
settings in CFW’s novels, sources for, 36, 63, 99, 102–5, 121, 137, 140, 145, 160, 165, 175, 178, 221, 231, 234, 259, 265, 273, 279
Seward, William, 47, 50
Shakespeare, William, 40, 74, 174, 175
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 94, 129, 143, 218, 224, 306, 324, 325
Sheridan, Richard, 174
A School for Scandal, 174
slaves, 40, 44, 50, 89
Soldiers’ Aid Society of Northern Ohio, 48, 111
Sorrento, Italy, CFW’s residence in, xv, 151, 156, 161
South, U.S., 36, 44, 102–5, 141–42
CFW’s sympathy for, 42, 102, 105, 254
CFW’s travels and residence in, 84–97, 98–101, 108
post–Civil War cotton trade in, 50
women of, 41–42
see also specific locations
South Carolina, 99, 101, 103–4, 141
Spalding, Rufus P., 44, 45, 47, 55
Spalding, Wilhelmina H. Makee, 51
Spalding, Zephaniah Swift, 27, 46, 55, 65, 68, 70, 163, 338
romance between CFW and, 45–51, 53, 196, 231, 260
Spectator, 140–41, 241
spinsters:
CFW’s self-perception as, 50, 53, 68, 87–88, 97, 147, 167, 192, 213, 262, 276
in CFW’s work, 282
Standard Oil, 16, 237
Stanley, Henry Morton, 255
Stedman, Edmund Clarence, xv, 90–94, 90, 96, 101–3, 106, 107, 108, 109, 113, 115, 127, 129, 132, 135, 147, 149, 155–56, 162, 166, 203, 207, 239, 275, 307, 320
Victorian Poets, 93, 95
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 235–36, 267, 348
Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 235–36
Stoicism, suicide and, 239–40
Story, Evelyn, 306, 316, 324
Story, William Wetmore, 143, 193, 306, 316, 324
Angel of Grief, 316
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 25, 50, 85
Stratford-upon-Avon, England, 180, 261
suicide, 181, 182, 234, 280, 289, 308
of CFW, xiii–xiv, xvi, 52, 82, 304, 305–17, 321–22, 365–66
CFW’s contemplation of, 239–40, 243, 256, 261, 298, 308, 365
in CFW’s writings, 71, 124, 240
of Charlie Woolson, 106, 168, 182, 232
depression and, 54, 101, 168, 171, 182, 239, 308, 310–11
by drug overdose, 303
HJ’s argument against, 171
of L. Carter (son), 54, 55, 168, 232, 235, 301
stigma of, 321–22
Symonds, John Addington, 165, 286
Tallyrand, Charles Maurice de, 10
telepathy, 257–58, 288, 299, 313
Temple, Minnie, xvii–xviii
theater, CFW’s love of, 67, 163, 297
themes of CFW’s novels, sources for, 14, 18, 32, 34, 102, 105, 194–96
in CFW’s life experiences, 22, 42, 51–52, 55–56, 63, 70–71, 77, 79, 87, 111–13, 121, 123, 136–39, 146, 159, 168, 178, 211, 232, 235, 259–60, 276, 279–82, 288, 295
Thompson, Mrs. Launt, 164, 306
Thoreau, Henry David, 87, 224
Walden, 24
Tito (gondolier), 297, 312
Tolstoy, Leo, 186, 250
travel literature, 65, 67–68, 91, 92, 121, 245, 251, 253
Trollope, Anthony, 14
tuberculosis (consumption), 29–31, 257
Turgenev, Ivan, 171, 175, 178, 224, 250
Turner, Julia Campbell, 5, 13
Turner, Levi, 5, 7, 12–13
Twain, Mark, 81–82, 320
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 112
The Gilded Age, 81–82
Tyler, John, 41
Tyler, Julia Gardiner, 41
United States:
CFW’s identification with, 204–5, 258
economic depression in, 295–96
HJ in, 166–67
social elite of, 41–44, 101, 106, 238
westward expansion of, 12, 17
Venice, Italy, 140, 143, 180, 185, 186, 212, 213, 238, 271
CFW’s residence in, 165–67, 170, 238–39, 284–85, 286–304
CFW’s suicide in, xiii–xiv, xvi, 52, 82, 304, 305–17, 321–22, 365–66
Protestant Cemetery in, 300, 324
social scene in, 286–87, 295
tourist sites in, 165–66, 248, 297, 298
Victoria, queen of England, 186
Vienna, Austria, 179, 263
Villa Brichieri, Bellosquardo, 188–90, 189, 203–5, 204, 214, 226, 227, 230, 237, 241, 269
HJ’s stays at, 198, 199–203, 212–19
Villa Castellani, Vellosguardo, 165, 187–89, 191, 193, 194, 196, 199, 215, 224, 225, 227, 234, 259
Villa Montauto, Bellosguardo, 188, 237, 259
Virginia, 100, 101
Wagner, Richard, 134, 257
Wales, Prince of, 266, 268
Ward, Mrs. Humphry, 172, 271, 272
Robert Elsmere, 271, 279
Warner, Charles Dudley, 81–82, 320
The Gilded Age, 81–82
Washburn, Alvan, 53–54, 70
Washburn, Arabella Carter, 32–34, 53–54, 63, 66, 68, 70, 76, 83, 86, 89, 97, 102, 105, 298
Washington, D.C., 84–85, 115
Washington, Eleanor, 107, 144, 178, 237, 287
Washington, Harry, 237, 287
Weimer, Joan, Women Artists, Women Exiles: “Miss Grief” and Other Stories, 324
Western Literary Messenger, 24
Wharton, Edith, 106, 186, 216, 218, 319
Whitman, Walt, 105
Whitney, Flora Payne, 40, 44, 47, 53, 66, 68
Wisconsin, Woolson landholdings in, 60, 72, 189
women:
abuse of, 232, 235–36, 242
CFW’s portrayal of, xvii, 112, 196, 236, 241, 281, 321; see also specific titles
changing role of, xvi, 16, 26, 60, 65, 96–97, 251, 282–83, 319
domestic duties and skills of, 11–12
dress reform for, 96–97
education for, 23–24, 37–44, 93, 193, 257
emotional repression of, 156–60, 176–77, 216, 217, 232, 234, 236, 288
sexuality of, 88–89
suicide and, 321–22
traditional restraints on, xiv, xvii–xix, 10, 31, 39, 60, 64, 68, 71, 78, 88, 91, 93, 211, 223–24, 236, 251, 281–83
women writers, 76, 95–97, 135, 241
CFW’s portrayal of, 87–88, 123–27, 145–50
and children’s literature, 72, 275
constraints against, 22–27, 61, 64, 70, 74, 81, 124, 131, 145–50, 219–20, 319
HJ’s disdain for, 149–50, 151–52, 160, 209–10, 219–20
in journalism, 65
prejudice against, 25–26, 81, 93–95, 96, 124–25, 129, 131, 148–49, 219–20, 275, 322–23
Woods, Margaret Louisa, 224, 267, 271
A Village Tragedy, 267
Woolsey, Sarah, see Coolidge, Susan
Woolson, Anne (sister), 3–5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 17, 116
Woolson, Charles Jarvis (father), 3–8, 7, 9, 12–13, 17, 24, 28, 33, 41, 102, 116
business setbacks of, 15, 54
CFW’s relationship with, 25–27, 31, 51, 54, 55–56, 68, 169, 192, 260, 261
death of, xvii, 8, 55–56, 59–60, 68, 115, 187, 203, 240
Woolson, Charles Jarvis, Jr. “Charlie” (brother), 17–18, 26, 33, 45, 51, 60, 64–66, 71, 84, 115–16, 169, 280
CFW’s relationship with, 31, 140, 172
depression and breakdowns of, 106–7, 114, 122, 132, 168
suicide of, 106, 168, 182, 232
Woolson, Constance Fenimore, 3, 17
, 179, 197, 199, 208, 294
appearance and personal style of, 20–21, 97, 206–9
burial site of, 143–44, 300, 306–7, 309, 313, 316, 324–26, 325
as caregiver, 31, 51, 55, 71, 84–86, 98, 115, 121, 271
childhood and early years of, 3–36, 19, 21, 37–44, 43
as conflicted and ambivalent, xvi, 8, 11, 32, 51–54, 60, 64, 87, 91, 112–13, 178–79, 207, 240, 256, 257, 277, 283, 288, 292
death, experiences with and thoughts on, 3, 17, 20, 27, 29–30, 33–36, 115, 143–44, 167, 284, 297–98, 300–302, 308
death of, xiii–xiv, xvi, 52, 82, 305–17, 319, 321, 368
debate over cause of death of, 307–8, 321, 365–66
depression of, 6, 27, 55, 101–2, 107, 115–16, 121, 132, 162, 168–72, 178, 179, 216, 224, 232, 239, 255–62, 269, 288–90, 296–304, 310–11
early literary influences on, 21–27, 37
empathy of, xvi, 79–80, 299, 315
as expatriate, 161–82, 204–5, 249–51, 259
Fenimore name and Cooper legacy of, 4, 62, 63–64, 190, 192, 200
financial stress of, 60, 71–72, 74, 174, 186, 189, 205, 238–40, 262, 268, 271–72, 277, 278, 292–93, 295–96, 299, 308, 311
formal education of, 37–44, 46
funeral of, 306–7, 309, 324
hearing loss of, xv, 6–7, 42, 67, 86, 120, 133–34, 135, 144, 163, 187, 197, 223, 224, 261, 266–67, 268, 270, 288, 295, 301, 304, 311
and HJ, see James, Henry, CFW’s relationship with
ill health and ailments of, 31, 114, 116, 117, 121–23, 140, 156–57, 167, 169, 179–80, 182, 186, 207, 215, 217, 223, 225, 237, 258, 268–69, 276–77, 282, 284, 285, 289, 299, 300–304, 307, 308, 365
independent spirit of, xiv, xvi–xviii, 10, 55, 91, 93, 142–43, 240, 249–55, 277, 299, 302
last days of, 296–304, 308, 365
letters to the Cleveland Herald, 65–66, 67, 85, 104
loneliness and isolation of, 6, 55, 68, 108, 123, 156–57, 167, 168, 172, 178, 187, 218, 228, 230, 240–41, 255, 256–59, 289, 295, 297–99, 301, 309, 311
low self-regard of, 20–21, 37, 60, 155, 156, 159, 206–7
personal correspondence burned by, 216
reticence of, xvi, 18–20, 24, 60, 67–68, 91, 123, 128, 206–10, 213, 216, 288
in search for home and family, 5, 52, 155–56, 161, 183, 187, 189, 197–98, 203, 217, 227, 259, 265, 269, 284, 287, 292, 293, 295, 298, 311, 317
as spinster, 50, 53, 68, 87–88, 97, 147, 167, 192, 213, 262
will of, 300, 302, 308
winter, dislike of, 5, 120, 169–70, 258, 268–71, 278, 292, 295–96
Woolson, Constance Fenimore, literary career, 18, 20
as American writer, 15, 141, 151, 153–54, 158, 160, 241, 319–21, 323
arduous creative process of, 101, 108–13, 114, 156–57, 163, 177–78, 182, 185–86, 218, 223, 228–29, 230–31, 237, 241, 251, 252, 258, 268, 271–73, 278, 289–90, 295, 299, 343
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