The Man Who Knew Infinity

by Robert Kanigel

  Balakrishnan, R., K. S. Padmanabhan, and V. Thangaraj. Proceedings of the Ramanujan Centennial International Conference, 15–18 December 1987, at Annamalai University, Annamalainagar. Ramanujan Mathematical Society, 1988.

  Balasubrahmanyan, S. R. Later Chola Temples. Mugdala Trust, 1975.

  Barham, Jane. Backstairs Cambridge. Herts, England: Ellisons’ Editions, 1986.

  Barlow, Glyn. The Story of Madras. London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1921.

  Barnes, John. Ahead of His Age—Bishop Barnes of Birmingham. London: Collins, 1979.

  Bateman, P., and H. Diamond. “John E. Littlewood (1885–1977),” Mathematical Intelligencer 1 (1978): 28–33.

  Bell, E. T. Men of Mathematics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

  Berndt, Bruce C. “A Pilgrimage.” Mathematical Intelligencer 8, no. 1 (1986): 25–30.

  ———. “The Quarterly Reports of S. Ramanujan.” American Mathematical Monthly 90, no. 8 (October 1983): 505–516.

  ———. “Ramanujan—100 Years Old (Fashioned) or 100 Years New (Fangled)?” Mathematical Intelligencer 10, no. 3 (1988): 24–29.

  ———. Ramanujan’s Notebooks. 2 parts. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985–1989.

  Bhanumurthy, Kalyanalakshmy. “[Ramanujan:] The Man Behind His Mathematics.” The Hindu, 20 December 1987.

  Bharathi, Ramananda. Prof. Srinivasa Ramanujan Commemoration Volume. Madras: Jupiter Press, 1974.

  Bhattacharaya, Jogendra Nath. Hindu Castes and Sects. Calcutta: Editions Indian, 1896. Reprinted, Calcutta, 1973.

  Bishop, T. J. H., in collaboration with Rupert Wilkinson. Winchester and the Public School Elite. London: Faber and Faber, 1967.

  Bollobás, Béla, ed. Littlewood’s Miscellany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

  ———. “Ramanujan—A Glimpse of His Life and His Mathematics.” Cambridge Review, June 1988, 76–80.

  Borwein, Jonathan M., and Peter B. Borwein. “Ramanujan and Pi.” Scientific American 258, no. 2 (February 1988): 112–117.

  Brandon, Peter. A History of Surrey. The Darwen County History Series. Phillimore.

  Bromwich, T. J. I’A. An Introduction to the Theory of Infinite Series. London: Macmillan, 1908.

  Bryder, Linda. Below the Magic Mountain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

  Bulstrode, H. Timbrell. Report on Sanatoria for Consumption. 35th Annual Report 1905–06, Supplement in Continuation of the Report of the Medical Officer for 1905–06. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1908.

  Burkill, J. C. “John Edensor Littlewood.” Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 11 (1979): 59–103.

  Butler, J. R. M. Henry Montagu Butler: Master of Trinity College Cambridge, 1886–1918. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1925.

  Buxton, John, and Penry Williams, eds. New College, Oxford 1379–1979. The Wardens and Fellows of New College, Oxford, 1979.

  Campbell, Douglas M., and John C. Higgins. Mathematics: People, Problems, Results. 2 vols. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1984.

  Carr, G. S. Formulas and Theorems in Pure Mathematics. 2d ed. New York: Chelsea, 1970. (Originally published as A Synopsis of Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics.)

  Carstairs, G. Morris. The Twice-Born. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1967.

  Cartwright, Mary. “John Edensor Littlewood, FRS, FRAS, Hon FIMA.” Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications. April 1978, 87–90.

  Centenary Celebration Souvenir. Kumbakonam: Town High School, 1964.

  Chaudhuri, Nirad C. A Passage to England. London: Macmillan, 1959.

  Chopra, P. N., T. K. Ravindran, and N. Subrahmanian, A History of South India. 3 vols. New Delhi: S. Chad & Co., 1979.

  Clark, Geoffrey, and W. Harding Thompson. The Surrey Landscape. London: A. & C. Black, 1934.

  Clark, Ronald W. The Life of Bertrand Russell. New York: Knopf, 1976.

  “Close Up: Professor J. E. Littlewood, F.R.S.” Trinity Review, Michaelmas 1959.

  Collins, Randall. The Case of the Philosophers’ Ring by Dr. John H. Watson. New York: Crown Publishers, 1978.

  Colonial Students in Britain. London: PEP (Political and Economic Planning), 1955.

  Compton, Herbert. Indian Life in Town and Country. New York: G. P. Putnam’s, 1904.

  Das, R. K. Temples of Tamilnad. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1964.

  Davis, Philip J., and Reuben Hersh. The Mathematical Experience. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1981.

  Deacon, Richard. The Cambridge Apostles. London: Robert Royce Limited, 1985.

  Dubos, Rene and Jean. The White Plague: Tuberculosis, Man and Society. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1952.

  Dunning, Eric, and Kenneth Sheard. Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players: A Sociological Study of the Development of Rugby Football. New York: New York University Press, 1979.

  Ellis, Havelock. A Study of British Genius. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1904.

  ———, and John Addington Symonds. Sexual Inversion. London: Wilson and Macmillan, 1897.

  Eves, Howard. An Introduction to the History of Mathematics. 4th ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1976.

  Foster, M., and Lewis Shore. Physiology for Beginners. London, 1894.

  Fowler, Laurence, and Helen Fowler. Cambridge Commemorated. Cambridge University Press, 1984.

  Fuller, Bampfylde. The Empire of India. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1913.

  Furbank, P. N. E. M. Forster: A Life. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978.

  Gandhi, Mohandas K. Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Public Affairs Press, 1948. Reprint. New York: Dover, 1983.

  Gleick, James. “An Isolated Genius Is Given His Due.” New York Times, July 14, 1987, 17.

  Hadamard, Jacques. The Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949.

  Halperin, John. C. P. Snow: An Oral Biography. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.

  Hardy, G. H. Bertrand Russell and Trinity. Cambridge University Press, 1970.

  ———. Collected Papers of G. H. Hardy. Vol. 7. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979.

  ———. A Course of Pure Mathematics. Cambridge University Press, 1908.

  ———. A Mathematician’s Apology. Cambridge University Press, 1940. Reprint, with a foreword by C. P. Snow, 1967.

  ———. “Obituary, S. Ramanujan.” Nature 105 (June 17, 1920), 494–495.

  ———. Orders of Infinity: The “Infinitarcalcul” of Paul Du Bois-Reymond. Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 12. Cambridge University Press, 1910.

  ———. Ramanujan. Cambridge University Press, 1940. 3d ed. New York: Chelsea, 1978.

  ———. Some Famous Problems of the Theory of Numbers. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1920.

  ———, and E. M. Wright. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 3d ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954.

  Hemingway, F. R. Tanjore District Gazetteer. 1915.

  Himmelfarb, Gertrude. Marriage and Morals Among the Victorians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.

  Historical Register of University of Cambridge. Supplement 1, 1911–1920. Cambridge University Press, 1922.

  Hodges, Andrew. Alan Turing: The Enigma. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.

  Howarth, T. E. B. Cambridge Between Two Wars. London: Collins, 1978.

  Hoyt, Edwin P. The Last Cruise of the Emden. New York: Macmillan, 1966.

  Hynes, Samuel. The Victorian Turn of Mind. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.

  Imperial Gazetteer. Madras Presidency, 1908.

  Indian Scientists. Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co., 1929.

  Jekyll, Gertrude. Old West Surrey. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1904.

  Jordan, M. C. Cours d’analyse de l’Ecole Polytechnique. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1882.

  Kandaswamy Moopanar, R. “My Reminiscences.” Centenary Celebration Souvenir. Kumbakonam: Town High School, 1964.

  Keers, R. Y. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Journey Down
the Centuries. London: Balliere Tindall, 1978.

  Keynes, Margaret Elizabeth. A House by the River. Cambridge: Darwin College, 1976.

  Kitcher, Philip. The Nature of Mathematical Knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

  Krishnaswami Nayadu, W. S. Old Madras, 1965.

  Lanchester, H. V. Town Planning in Madras. (Based on lectures given in Madras in January 1916.) London: Methuen, 1926.

  Levy, Paul. Moore: G. E. Moore and the Cambridge Apostles. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1979.

  Lewandowski, Susan. Migration and Ethnicity in Urban India: Kerala Migrants in the City of Madras, 1870–1970. New Delhi: Manohar, 1980.

  Littlewood, J. E. “Adventures in Ballistics, 1915–1918.” Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications, September/October 1974, 323–328.

  ———. “Mathematical Life and Teaching in Cambridge Since 1880.” Lecture notes.

  ———. “The Mathematician’s Art of Work.” Rockefeller University Review 5 (September-October 1967): 1–7.

  ———. A Mathematician’s Miscellany. London: Methuen & Co., 1953.

  ———. “Reminiscences of Cambridge and Elsewhere.” Lecture notes.

  Marcus, Geoffrey. Before the Lamps Went Out. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965.

  Marvin, F. S. India and the West. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1927.

  Marwick, Arthur. The Deluge: British Society and the First World War. New York: W. W. Norton, 1970.

  Mayo, Katherine. Mother India. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1927.

  McMurry, Nan Marie. “And I? I Am in a Consumption”: The Tuberculosis Patient, 17801930. Dissertation. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. 1985.

  Megahey, Alan J. A History of Cranleigh School. London: Collins, 1983.

  Molony, J. Chartres. A Book of South India. London: Methuen, 1926.

  Mordell, L. J. “Hardy’s A Mathematician’s Apology.” American Mathematical Monthly 77 (1970): 831–836.

  ———. “Ramanujan.” Nature 148, no. 3761 (November 1941): 642–647.

  Muthiah, S. Madras Discovered. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press, 1987.

  Nagarajan, K. R., and T. Soundararajan, eds. Srinivasa Ramanujan, 1887–1920: A Tribute. Madras: Macmillan India, 1988.

  Nairn, Ian, and Nikolaus Pevsner. Surrey. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1962.

  Nandy, Ashis. Alternative Sciences: Creativity and Authenticity in Two Indian Scientists. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 1980.

  Neville, E. H. “The Late Srinivasa Ramanujan,” Nature 106, no. 2673 (January 1921): 661–662.

  ———. “Srinivasa Ramanujan,” Nature 149, no. 3776 (March 1942): 292–295.

  ———. “Srinivasa Ramanujan.” Original text of a talk first broadcast in English not later than 1938 and in Hindustani, April 22, 1941. A substantially longer version of the Nature article, above. Referred to in the Notes as the Reading Manuscript.

  Newman, M. H. A., et al. “Godfrey Harold Hardy, 1877–1947.” Mathematical Gazette 32 (1948): 49–51.

  Padfield, J. E. The Hindu at Home. 1908. 2d facsimile ed. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 1975.

  Parry, R. St. John. Henry Jackson, O.M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926.

  Polya, George. “Some Mathematicians I Have Known.” American Mathematical Monthly 76 (1969): 746–753.

  The Port of Madras: Past, Present and Future. Madras Port Trust, 1967.

  “R.G.K.” “True Genius.” In Illustrated Weekly of India, 20 December 1987, 26–30.

  “Ragami” [pseud.]. Ramanujan, the Mathematical Genius [Tamil]. Series. Dinamani Kadir (Madras weekly newspaper), 1985–1986.

  Rajagopalan, K. R. Srinivasa Ramanujan. Madras: Sri Aravinda-Bharati, 1988.

  Rajagopalan, T. R. Pilgrim’s Guide (South India). Madurai: Sri Karthikeiya Publication, 1977.

  Ram, Suresh. Srinivasa Ramanujan. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1972.

  Ramachandra Rao, R. “In Memoriam: S. Ramanujan.” Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society 12, no. 3 (June 1920): 87–90.

  Ramakrishna, G., N. Gayathri, and D. Chattopadhyaya. An Encyclopaedia of South Indian Culture. Calcutta: K. P. Bagchi, 1983.

  Ramakrishna, T. My Visit to the West. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1915.

  Ramanathan, K. G. “Ramanujan: A Life Sketch.” Science Age, December 1987, 19–26.

  ———. “Srinivasa Ramanujan: Mathematician Extraordinary,” Science Today, December 1974, 13–21.

  Ramanujan, Srinivasa. Collected Papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan. Ed. G. H. Hardy, P. V. Seshu Iyer, and B. M. Wilson. Cambridge University Press, 1927.

  ———. The Lost Notebook and Other Unpublished Papers. New Delhi: Narosa Publishing House, 1988.

  ———. Notebooks. 2 vols. Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1957.

  Ramaseshan, S. “Srinivasa Ramanujan.” In Proceedings of the Ramanujan Centennial International Conference, 15–18 December 1987, 1–14.

  Ranganathan, S. R. Ramanujan: The Man and the Mathematician. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1967.

  Rankin, R. A. “Ramanujan as a Patient.” Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Mathematical Sciences) 93, nos. 2 & 3 (December 1984): 79–90.

  ———. “Ramanujan’s Manuscripts and Notebooks.” Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 14 (1982): 81–97.

  ———. “Ramanujan’s Manuscripts and Notebooks, II.” Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 21 (1989): 351–365.

  ———. “Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920).” Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications 23, nos. 10/11 (October/November 1987): 145–152.

  Report of the [Lytton] Committee on Indian Students, 1921–1922. Pt. 1, Report and Appendices; Pt. 2, Evidence. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office for India Office, 1922.

  Rose, Jasper, and John Ziman. Camford Observed. London: Victor Gollancz, 1964.

  Rouse Ball, W. W. A History of the Study of Mathematics at Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1889.

  Russell, Dora. The Tamarisk Tree. New York: G. P. Putnam’s, 1975.

  Sabben-Clare, James. Winchester College. Southampton, England: Paul Cave Publications, 1982.

  Satthianadhan, S. Four Years in an English University. Madras: Lawrence Asylum Press, 1890.

  Seshu Iyer, P. V. “The Late Mr. S. Ramanujan, B.A., F.R.S.” Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society 12, no. 3 (June 1920): 81–86.

  ———, and R. Ramachandra Rao. “Srinivasa Ramanujan.” In Collected Papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan, ed. G. H. Hardy, P. V. Seshu Iyer, and B. M. Wilson. Cambridge University Press, 1927: xi–xix.

  Seymour, B., and M. Warrington. Bygone Cranleigh. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore, 1984.

  Singer, Milton, ed. Traditional India: Structure and Change. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, 1959.

  Singh, Amar Kumar. “The Impact of Foreign Study: The Indian Experience,” Minerva, Autumn 1962.

  ———. Indian Students in Britain. London: Asia Publishing House, 1963.

  Singh, Jagjit. “Srinivasa Ramanujan: A Short Biography.” 2 pt. Mathematical Education, July-September and October-December 1987.

  Slater, Gilbert, ed. Economic Studies. Vol. 1, Some South Indian Villages. London: Oxford University Press, 1918.

  ———. Southern India: Its Political and Economic Problems. London: George Allen Unwin, 1936.

  Smith, F. B. The Retreat of Tuberculosis, 1850–1950. London: Croom Helm, 1988.

  Snow, C. P. “The Mathematician on Cricket.” Saturday Book. 8th year. 1941–1942.

  ———. Variety of Men. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1966. (Piece on Hardy appeared in slightly different form as foreword to 1967 edition of Hardy’s A Mathematician’s Apology.)

  Snow, Philip. Stranger and Brother. London: Macmillan, 1982.

  Srinivas, M. N. Social Change in Modern India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

  Srinivasachari, C. S. History of the City of Madras. Madr
as: P. Varadachary & Co., 1939.

  Srinivasan, P. K., ed. Ramanujan Memorial Number. Vol. 1, Letters and Reminiscences. Madras: Muthialpet High School, 1968.

  ———. Ramanujan Memorial Number. Vol. 2, An Inspiration. Madras: Muthialpet High School, 1967.

  Steegman, John. Cambridge: As It Was, and As It Is Today. 4th rev. ed. London: B. T. Batsford, 1949.

  Steevens, G. W. In India. Edinburgh: Blackwood and Sons, 1899.

  Stein, Burton, ed. South Indian Temples: An Analytical Reconsideration. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1978.

  Struik, Dirk J. A Concise History of Mathematics. 4th rev. ed. New York: Dover, 1987.

  Stubbs, Charles W. The Story of Cambridge. London: J. M. Dent & Co., 1905.

  Sud, Babu Lal. How to Become a Barrister and Take a Degree at Oxford or Cambridge. Kapurthala State, India: self-published, 1917.

  Tennyson, Charles. Cambridge from Within. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs, 1913.

  Thomson, J. J. Recollections and Reflections. New York: Macmillan, 1937.

  Thurston, Edgar. The Madras Presidency. Cambridge University Press, 1914.

  Titchmarsh, E. C. “Godfrey Harold Hardy, 1877–1947.” Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 6 (1949): 447–458.

  Tuckwell, Rev. W. The Ancient Ways: Winchester Fifty Years Ago. London: Macmillan & Co., 1893.

  Turnbull, H. W. The Great Mathematicians. London: Methuen & Co., 1929.

  Urwick, W. India Illustrated. Rev. and enl. by Edward P. Thwing. New York: Hurst, 1891.

  Venkataraman, G. 3 pt. series on Ramanujan in The Hindu: “Once in a Few Centuries,” 20 December 1987; “A Turning Point for Ramanujan,” 27 December 1987; “The Last Years of Ramanujan,” 5 January 1988.

  Wagh, D. B. “Srinivasa Ramanujan: Number Theorist Extraordinary,” Bhavan’s Journal 33, no. 23 (July 1–15, 1987): 21–29.

  “The War.” In Historical Register of the University of Cambridge, Supplement, 1911–1920. Cambridge University Press, 1922.

  Watson, Francis. A Concise History of India. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1979.

  Weinstein, Jay A. “Madras: An Analysis of Urban Ecological Structure in India.” Sage Research Papers in the Social Sciences. Social Ecology of the Community Series, No. 90–015. Beverly Hills, 1974.

  White, William M. Visitor’s Guide to Cambridge. 2d ed. Cambridge: Metcalfe & Co., 1890.