The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism
Page 146
South America, 680
South Carolina, 321, 454, 572
South Carolina, USS, 5
South Dakota, 523
direct primaries in, 687, 696
Southern Pacific Railroad, 327, 445
South Hadley, Mass., 22
South Improvement Company, 171
Southwest, 297, 425
Spain, 260, 261
friars in Philippines from, 302–5, 388
Maine sunk by, 223
war declared against, 224, 229
Spalding, Bishop L., 318
Spanish-American War, 9, 213, 221–32, 252, 260, 410, 505, 512, 566
Spanish language, 265, 269
special interests, 484, 632, 644
“Speed up the War and Take Thought for After the War” (Roosevelt), 744
Spinney, George F., 70, 72–73, 75, 79
Spofford, Harriet Prescott, 165
spoils system, 385
Spokane, Wash., 608, 611, 657, 699
Spokane Press, 608
Spokesman-Review, 617
Spooner, John C., 292–93, 309, 457, 473
Spooner Amendment, 274
Spreckels, Rudolf, 492
Springfield, Mass., 693
Springfield Republican, 608, 650, 656
Spring Rice, Cecil, 150
Square Deal, 12, 350, 351, 539, 540, 694, 695
Standard Oil Company, 194, 293, 330
anti-trust legislation and, 344–46
federal antitrust suit against, 441–43, 445, 669
Foraker bribed by, 520
and Kansas Oil War, 436–38
Republican campaign contributions by, 418, 419
Tarbell on, 171, 324, 326, 330–43, 346–47, 358, 363, 436, 438–42, 468, 469
Standard Oil of Indiana, 441, 443
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 442, 443
Standard Oil of New York, 443
Stanford University, 352
Stanton, Edwin, 25
“Star-Spangled Banner,” 5, 274, 305
State Department, U.S., 177, 223–24, 427
states’ rights, 457, 730
steamships, 158, 291
steel, 31, 297–98, 312, 363
steel trust, 714
Steffens, Elizabeth Symes, 196
Steffens, Joseph, 196–98, 377, 381, 382
Steffens, Josephine Bontecou, 198, 494–95
Steffens, Lincoln, xii, 170, 195–201, 325, 362, 364, 365, 445, 458, 459, 468, 474, 478, 480, 485, 487, 488, 656, 673, 750
at American, 490, 492–95
on campaign contributions, 417
childhood and education of, 196–99
on corrupt political machines, 324, 326, 358
“Enemies of the Republic” by, 368, 375–76
on Hanna, 292
on La Follette, 376, 484, 540, 673
on McClure, 331–32
at McClure’s, 195–96, 201, 324, 472–73
Mitchell profiled by, 312–13
on “Muckrake” speech, 483
on Ohio politics, 381–83, 434–35
radical ideas of, 206
as reporter, 195, 199–201
resignation from McClure’s by, 487–88
satire of, 486
Shame of the Cities by, 368–75
Tarbell and Phillips supported by, 479
TR and, 195, 200–201, 203–4, 206–9, 213, 228, 376–78, 483–85, 540, 656, 724
on TR as governor, 243, 247–48, 256–57, 258–59
on TR’s 1912 candidacy, 672
on TR’s campaign for governor, 235–38
on TR’s presidency, 282, 285–86
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 159, 167, 188
Stillman, James, 363
Stimson, Henry, 7, 619, 648–50, 651, 661, 745
Stinson, Robert, 196
Stock, Philip, 370
Stockbridge, Mass., 308
stock market, 247, 281, 299, 644
collapse of, 526–30
Stoker, Bram, 469
Storer, Bellamy, 147, 221, 223, 274
Storer, Maria Longworth, 147, 221–22, 241, 260, 266, 274, 320, 413
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 116
Straus, Oscar, 680
streetcar conductors, 77
street railways, 246, 252, 292, 381, 383, 385, 527
in Philippines, 526
strikebreakers, 356, 403
strikes, 183
coal, 311–19, 321, 322, 354–59, 367, 415, 416
Colorado mining, 402–5
legality of, 102–3
Pullman, 185–87, 194, 215–17, 297, 355
right to, 217–18
sympathetic, 402–5
violence and, 158–59, 403–4
Strong, William L., 156, 200, 210
Stubbs, Walter S., 644
Suburban Railway Company, St. Louis, 369–70
Sudan, 2
suffrage:
in Philippines, 276
women’s, 29, 47, 577, 694, 718, 721, 741
Suffrage League of Boston, 514
sugar, 218, 307, 330, 397, 498, 526, 593
Sullivan, Mark, 170, 285, 292, 298, 317, 394, 464–65, 652, 686, 701
Sumner, William Graham, 31–32, 44
supply and demand, 453
Supreme Court, U.S., 89, 214, 219, 339, 391, 569, 619, 677, 731
Alphonso Taft’s vision of as highest office, 26
assumption of risk upheld by, 217
conservatism of, 598
Employers’ Liability Act ruled unconstitutional by, 536
Hughes on, 640
Northern Securities and, 386, 398–400
rate revision and, 458
Sherman Anti-Trust Act and, 218
Standard Oil rulings of, 442, 731
on state regulation of business, 192
Taft as Chief Justice of, 748–49
Taft’s appointments to, 724
Taft’s arguments before, 143–46, 147–48
as Taft’s real ambition, 14, 15, 50, 145, 152, 215, 264–65, 386, 521, 677
Taft’s refusal of appointment to, 386–88, 392, 497–502, 515, 576
TR’s perceived attacks on, 645, 679
Susan (dog), 240
sweatshops, 244
Swift, Lucius Burrie, 139, 409
Swift & Co., 299–300
Swinburne, Algernon, 118
Switzerland, 38, 170, 329, 331, 438, 469, 470
Swope, Herbert Bayard, 374
Sylph, 580
Symphony Hall, 694, 695
Syracuse, N.Y., 665
Syria, 40
Tacoma, Wash., 657, 699
Tacoma Times, 607
Taft, Alphonso, 21, 23, 54, 60, 100, 143–44, 146
anti-slavery views of, 25, 537
appearance and personality of, 24
children encouraged and pressured to excellence by, 27, 28–34, 52, 54–55
on Cincinnati Superior Court, 25–26, 154
European travels of, 27–28, 38, 96
as foreign minister to Austria-Hungary, 57
as foreign minister to Russia, 62
in Grant’s cabinet, 26–27, 394
illness and death of, 33–34, 104, 148–49, 303, 395
Nellie on, 100–101
on solicitor general appointment, 106, 107, 108
Taft’s political campaigning encouraged by, 54–55
on Taft’s successes, 149, 152
work as priority for, 24–25, 36
Taft, Annie Sinton, 28, 57, 88, 91, 104, 147, 149, 395, 532, 556, 559
Taft, Charles (brother), 24, 27–29, 33, 54, 57, 147–49, 219, 272, 274, 289, 388, 392, 394, 410, 422, 499, 502, 524–26, 532, 545, 559, 626, 645, 659, 684
Cincinnati Times owned by, 174, 435
financial support by, 270, 393, 556, 683
home of, 88, 104, 549, 553, 555–56, 738, 739
legal practice of, 51
Taft’s presidential bid supported by, 519
Taft, Charlie (son), 1
6, 220, 267, 271, 414, 525, 543, 545, 547, 711, 729, 738
Taft, David, 149
Taft, Fanny, see Edwards, Fanny Taft
Taft, Helen, 16, 150, 153, 267, 271, 290, 414, 543, 596, 738
at Bryn Mawr, 545, 559, 577, 581, 729
Nellie’s stroke and, 581, 640, 646, 662
Taft, Henry Waters (Harry), 24, 27, 51, 104, 147, 149, 154, 220, 394, 559, 661
on Philippines appointment, 265, 388, 390
on presidential prospects, 499
on Supreme Court appointment, 387–88, 499
TR’s relationship with, 387–88, 393
Taft, Horace Dutton, 16, 23–25, 27–28, 38, 51, 56, 60, 86, 101, 105–6, 147, 149, 219, 274, 288, 301, 385, 388, 522, 619, 622, 686, 690, 704
in Nellie’s salon, 93, 94, 96, 99
on Philippines appointment, 265
on presidential prospects, 499
on Supreme Court nominations, 388, 499, 501
on Taft, 219–20
Taft School founded by, 104–5, 149, 392, 414, 561, 729
Taft’s tariff compromise criticized by, 602–3
Taft, Hulbert, 104
Taft, Julia Smith, 104, 147, 149, 559, 661
Taft, Louise Torrey, 22–23, 24, 26, 54, 100, 144, 388
activity and self-reliance of, 303
on Alphonso’s illness, 148–49
on cabinet appointment, 392
on children’s education, 27
European travels of, 27–28, 38, 96
illness and death of, 532–33
on Lee’s surrender, 25
Nellie on, 100–101
in Rome with Taft, 303
on solicitor general appointment, 106, 107
on Taft, 521
on young Taft, 21–22, 55
Taft, Nellie Herron, 14–15, 33, 58, 87, 215, 216, 219, 304, 409, 411, 413–14, 421, 502, 503, 506, 507, 508, 532, 547, 557, 558–59, 561, 616, 648, 653, 665, 690, 701, 706, 711, 715, 716, 725, 744, 748
appearance of, 87
background and education of, 87–90
in Beverly, 582, 599–600, 639
budgeting by, 100, 103
on Butt’s death, 691
character and personality of, 15–16, 90–91
on Charley’s wedding, 28
children raised by, 221
in China, 290
in Cincinnati civil life, 220–21
coming out of, 89, 90
devotion to Taft by, 153
Edith and, 132–33, 147, 576–78, 636–37
egalitarianism of, 16, 269–70, 276–77
on election of 1900, 273
as First Lady, 575–79
health of, 300, 303, 749
independence of, 90–93, 97, 220–21, 244, 577
and mother’s death, 300–301
move to White House of, 567–68
as New Woman, 220, 578
on 1908 Republican National Convention, 543–47
and 1912 election, 729, 738
in Panama, 428
in Philippines, 265–71, 273–74, 276–77, 288, 289, 389
pregnancies and childbirth of, 105, 149–50, 153, 220
as progressive, 577–78
public life loved by, 550
reading by, 88–89, 133
return to Philippines by, 525–26
salons of, 93–94
silver anniversary party of, 661–63
speech lost by, 581, 593, 636, 640, 646, 662
strokes suffered by, 16, 580–82, 630, 635, 636, 662, 729
summer homes of, 219
on Taft, 214
Taft managed by, 149–50, 219, 502, 503, 575–76, 597
on Taft’s cabinet appointment, 391
on Taft’s campaign, 554–55
on Taft’s criminal law experience, 53
Taft’s desire to please, 86, 95, 97–98
on Taft’s election, 556
Taft’s friendship with, 87, 91–95
and Taft’s inauguration, 568, 570–71
Taft’s letters to, 394, 395, 396, 397, 410, 412, 430, 511, 596, 601, 602, 604, 649
and Taft’s presidential prospects, 497, 500, 509, 523, 525, 550, 576
on Taft’s Supreme Court ambitions, 387, 388, 497–98, 499–500, 501
on tariff, 509
as teacher, 92–93, 94–95, 97, 103
TR and, 499–500, 509
on TR’s 1912 candidacy, 682–83
Washington ambitions of, 88–90, 96, 101–2, 106–8, 132–33, 146–48, 152–53, 578
will and determination of, 580–81
Taft, Peter (brother), 24, 27–28, 51, 151
mental problems and death of, 33, 103–5, 150
Taft, Peter Rawson (grandfather), 23
Taft, Robert Alphonso, 16, 105, 107, 108, 153, 267, 271, 303, 559, 580, 581, 596, 646, 690, 729
at Horace’s school, 392, 414
Taft, Samuel, 21–22
Taft, Tillie Hulbert, 33, 103
Taft, William Howard, 7, 21, 50, 252, 583
as acting president, 426–29, 558
administrative acumen of, 395
at Alphonso’s deathbed, 149
ambivalence towards presidency by, 14–15, 16–17
on anti-trust initiatives, 504
anti-trust litigation and, 539, 667–69
anxiety and insecurity of, 86, 219, 265, 522, 556, 558, 560, 571, 575, 601–2
as assistant prosecuting attorney, 53–54
attempts to unify by, 572–73
automobiles as fascination of, 574, 578, 596
Baker on, 451
Ballinger defended by, 618
as “Big Bill,” 394
birth and infancy of, 21–22, 34
and Brownsville incident, 511–15, 537
business community and, 538–39
on Butt’s death, 691–93, 695, 696
Cabinet appointments of, 560–63
campaigning by, 534–38, 552–55, 724–26
as campaign surrogate, 401, 410–14, 422, 508–10, 521, 555
Campbell incident and, 58–62, 71, 86
caricatures of, 424, 426, 497, 507, 516, 534, 559, 697, 718
character and personality of, 13, 24
chivalrous nature of, 91
circuit court judgeship sought by, 151–54
as civil service reformer, 135, 138, 157, 219, 221
as Collector of Internal Revenue for Cincinnati District, 55–57
conciliatory approach of, 588
confrontation disliked by, 592–93
on conservation, 606, 607–8, 627
as conservative, 645, 704, 711, 716–17, 741
on constitutional government, 684, 695–96, 704
on corporate campaign charges, 418–19
on corporations, 298
as court reporter, 51, 52–53
criticism difficult for, 55, 86, 594, 603–4, 631–32
in Cuba, 504–8, 512
Cunningham land scandal and, 611, 613–14
death of, 749
deliberate nature of, 536–37
desire to please Nellie by, 86, 95, 97–98
desire to please parents by, 27–28, 30, 33–34, 48, 97–98
dilatory nature of, 501, 559, 561, 563, 600, 601–2
diplomacy of, 572–73
Dupont Circle home of, 108, 147, 154
education of, 27–33, 41
on election of 1900, 273
and election of 1904, 421
on elections of 1908, 422–23
empathetic nature of, 151
engagement and marriage to Nellie of, 95–101
exhaustion and depression of, 695
family pride in, 24, 149, 152
finances of, 270
first meeting of Nellie by, 87
golf played by, 136, 219, 413, 551–52, 558–59, 574, 597–98, 599–600, 701
good nature and charisma of, 44, 48–49, 51–52, 63, 136–37, 143, 145, 271, 390, 394, 400, 430, 506, 513, 521, 525, 533, 555, 559, 571
, 575, 591, 594, 604, 631, 728
as governor general of the Philippines, 11, 14, 239, 264–77, 288–90, 385–92, 401, 521, 557, 558, 560, 571, 572, 575, 653, 667
gregarious temperament of, 214
hard, methodical work of, 27, 28, 29, 48–49, 52, 63, 136, 143
Henry Adams on, 557
in Hot Springs, Va., 547–48, 551–52, 558, 587
as ill-suited for presidency, 558, 667
immense popularity in Philippines of, 304
imposing physique of, 51, 106
inauguration of, 2, 561, 563–64, 568–71
journey to Philippines and Far East by, 429–34
as Kent Professor of Constitutional Law, 743
labor supported by, 217
lack of independence from TR of, 522
legal background and training of, 14, 50–53
legal mind of, 53, 57, 521, 590, 741
leisurely pace of, 573
as less spectacular than TR, 19, 54, 521
Louise’s death and, 532–33
low spirits of, 13
McClure’s and, 170
move to White House of, 567–68
Nellie loved by, 152, 579
and Nellie’s stroke, 16, 580, 581–82, 596, 597
on New Nationalism, 645–46
and 1908 Republican Convention, 542–47
and 1912 election, 711, 724–26, 728–29, 731, 734, 736–41
and 1912 Republican nomination, 645, 646–47, 677, 682–83, 697–701, 703–12, 715–17, 728
Northern Securities verdict and, 398–99
Notification Day speech of, 548–51
on Ohio Superior Court, 62–63, 101–2, 105–7, 575
open house policy of, 572
orations of, 31
outreach to Filipinos by, 269–70, 271, 537
in Panama, 652–53
Panama Canal and, 396
on Parker, 408, 409
peace project of, 663–64
Pennsylvania colleges visited by, 17–19
on Philippine Commission, 264–74
on Philippine self-rule, 272, 301–2
on Philippine tariff reduction, 398
on Pinchot’s land policies, 561–62
political campaigning disliked by, 54–55, 60, 86
popularity of, 30, 42, 55, 151–52, 154, 214, 221, 389, 396, 412–13, 545, 603–4, 631, 665, 684, 695, 706, 748–49
in presidential election, 103
presidential election of, 556, 591
presidential prospects of, 497–98, 499–501, 504, 508–9, 517–25, 531–32, 534–35
press relations of, xiii–xiv, 547, 574–75, 589–91, 626–32, 641, 643
procrastination and nervousness of, 27, 28, 29–30, 32, 55, 86, 98, 560
as progressive, 29, 55, 217, 517, 589, 704, 741
progressives’ disillusion with, 11–13, 19, 605–6, 629–33
on railroad regulation, 449
reading by, 94, 95
reduction of Philippine tariff supported by, 302, 307
as reformer, 157, 194, 221, 386, 504