48 Berman, All That Is Solid, p. 198.
49 De Custine, Letters, pp. 103, 105.
50 The Englishwoman in Russia, pp. 51–2.
51 Lincoln, Bruce W., ‘The Daily Life of St Petersburg Officials in the Mid Nineteenth Century’, in Oxford Slavonic Papers, ed. Fennell and Foote, New Series, Vol. VIII, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975, pp. 82–100, 92, 95, 98.
52 Gogol, Diary 1828, qtd in Jukes, A Shout in the Street, p. 120.
53 Brodsky, Less Than One, p. 78.
54 Bird, A History of Russian Painting, pp. 86–91.
55 Ibid., pp. 77–9.
56 Herzen, letter to Michelet of 22 September 1851, in Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, p. 248.
57 Solovyov, in At the Russian Court, p. 182.
58 Vilensky, Jan, ‘Cameo Service – 1778–9’, in Dining with the Tsars, pp. 100–101.
59 Norman, The Hermitage, pp. 66–71.
60 De Custine, Letters, pp. 43–4.
61 Norman, The Hermitage, pp. 67, 72–6, 78–9.
62 The Englishwoman in Russia, pp. 89–90.
63 Belinsky, Vissarion, ‘The Alexander Theatre’, in Nekrasov, Petersburg: The Physiology of a City, p. 198.
64 Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. I, pp. 391–3.
65 Stasov, Vladimir Vasilevich, Selected Essays on Music, trans. Florence Jonas, London: Cresset Press, 1968, pp. 118, 120, 122, 130.
66 Ibid., pp. 23, 132, 142–3.
67 Qtd in Macdonald, Hugh, The Master Musicians – Berlioz, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982; pbk 2000, pp. 47, 67.
68 Maes, A History of Russian Music, pp. 27–8.
69 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich, My Musical Life, trans. from the 5th revised Russian edition by Judah A. Joffe, London: Eulenburg Books, 1974, pp. 12, 175.
70 Gogol, in The Contemporary, 1836, qtd in The Wordsworth Dictionary of Musical Quotations, ed. Derek Watson, Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1994, p. 145.
71 Maes, A History of Russian Music, pp. 20–22.
72 Gautier, The Complete Works, p. 226.
73 Herman Laroche, in Brown, David, Tchaikovsky Remembered. London: Faber and Faber, 1993, p. 236.
74 Rosslyn, in St Petersburg 1703–1815, p. 123.
75 Pushkin, Eugene Onegin, p. 15.
76 Nicholas I, letters to Anna Pavlovna of 7 January 1835 and 7 January 1836, in Jackman, Romanov Relations, pp. 252, 273.
77 Meshikova, Maria, ‘Chinese Masquerade’, in At the Russian Court, p. 269; Korshunova, ‘Whims of Fashion’, in At the Russian Court, 2. 241.
78 Tarasova, Lina, ‘Festivities at the Russian Court’, in At the Russian Court, p. 111; Gautier, The Complete Works, pp. 209–10, 214.
79 De Custine, Letters, pp. 120–24, 264.
80 Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. I, pp. 334–5, 338.
81 McGrew, Roderick E., Russia and the Cholera 1823–1832, Madison and Milwaukee, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965, pp. 3–4, 18, 108–13.
82 Lincoln, Nicholas I, pp. 270, 273.
83 Qtd Ibid., pp. 273–4.
84 McGrew, Russia and the Cholera, p. 10.
85 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 58, 79.
86 Herzen, Alexander, My Past and Thoughts – The Memoirs of Alexander Herzen, trans. Constance Garnett, revised Humphrey Higgens, New York: Knopf, 1973, p. 255.
87 Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 303.
88 Belinsky, qtd in Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 196.
89 Belinsky’s letter to Gogol of July 1847, in Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, p. 222.
90 Bird, A History of Russian Painting, p. 149; Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 244.
91 Qtd in Seton-Watson, The Russian Empire, p. 262; Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 204.
92 Atkinson and Walker, A Picturesque Representation, Vol. I, text facing ‘The Village Council’ plate.
93 Berlin, Russian Thinkers, pp. 98–9, 102, 104–105, 114, 241–2.
94 Seton-Watson, The Russian Empire, p. 259; Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 62–7, 79, 82.
95 Hare, Pioneers of Russian Social Thought, pp. 29–31.
96 Lincoln, Nicholas I, pp. 308–309; Frank, Dostoevsky, pp. 148–9.
97 Qtd in Lincoln, Nicholas I, p. 310.
98 Frank, Dostoevsky, pp. 174–8, 180.
99 Monas, The Third Section, p. 259.
100 Ibid., pp. 108, 118, 120, 134, 146, 259–60; Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. 1, p. 303.
101 Lincoln, Nicholas I, p. 323.
102 Herzen, letter to Jules Michelet of September 1851, qtd in Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, pp. 244, 253.
103 Herzen, Alexander, My Past and Thoughts – The Memoirs of Alexander Herzen, trans. Constance Garnett, rev. Humphrey Higgins, NYC: Knopf, 1973, pp.257–65; The Englishwoman in Russia, pp. 79–80; de Custine, Letters, p. 101.
104 Gavrila Derzhavin, ‘To Eugene: Life at Zvanka’, trans. Alexander Levitsky in Chandler, Dralyuk and Mashinski, eds, The Penguin Book of Russian Poetry, London: Penguin Random House, 2015, p. 14.
105 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, p. 85.
106 Lincoln, Nicholas I, p. 47.
107 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, p. 84.
108 De Custine, Letters, pp. 118, 251; qtd in Neville, p. 131.
109 The Englishwoman in Russia, pp. 53, 61.
110 Bernstein, Sonia’s Daughters, pp. 2, 25.
111 Engel, Women in Russia, p. 64; Bernstein, Sonia’s Daughters, pp. 21–3, 26–8, 302.
112 Gautier, The Complete Works, pp. 192, 195–6, 202–203; de Custine, Letters, p. 70. Zakuski are little snacks eaten before a meal and originally offered to people upon arrival after a journey.
113 Korshunova, Tamara, ‘Whims of Fashion’, in At the Russian Court, p. 244.
114 The Englishwoman in Russia, pp. 53–6.
115 Monas, The Third Section, p. 195.
116 De Custine, Letters, pp. 115–16.
9 DISCONTENT
1 Zelnik, Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia, pp. 47, 74–5, 109, 126–80, 163.
2 Bater, James H., St Petersburg–Industrialization and Change, London: Edward Arnold, 1976, pp. 119, 123–4, 127.
3 Bulgarin, Faddei, ‘Dachas’, an article of 1837, qtd in Buckler, Mapping St Petersburg, pp. 169–70.
4 Pavlova, Anna, ‘Pages of My Life’, in Franks, A. H. ed., Pavlova-A Collection of Memoirs, a reprint of Pavlova: A Biography, London, 1956; New York: DaCapo, n.d., p. 114; Nabokov, Vladimir, Speak Memory (1947), London: Penguin, 2000, p. 173.
5 Redesdale, Memories, Vol. I, pp. 204–205, 232–3.
6 Solovyov, in At the Russian Court, p. 186.
7 Giroud, St Petersburg, p. 118.
8 Stasov, Selected Essays on Music, p. 144; Brown, Tchaikovsky Remembered, p. 22; Maes, A History of Russian Music, pp. 35–7.
9 Piotrovsky and Suslov, in Paintings in the Hermitage, p. 13; Norman, The Hermitage, pp. 86, 89, 91–2.
10 Bird, A History of Russian Painting, p. 130.
11 Frank, Dostoevsky, p. 332; Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 103–104, 109–110; Stites, Richard, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia – Feminism, Nihilism and Bolshevism 1860–1930, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978, p. 46.
12 Frank, Dostoevsky, p. 334.
13 Qtd in Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 111–12; Frank, Dostoevsky, pp. 336–8.
14 Frierson, Cathy A., All Russia Is Burning! A Cultural History of Fire and Arson in Late Imperial Russia, Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2002, pp. 41–2; Buckler, Mapping St Petersburg, p. 235.
15 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, Crime and Punishment, trans. Constance Garnett, Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 2000, p. 138.
16 Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 256; Service, Robert, The Penguin History of Modern Russia – From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century, London: Penguin Random House, 4th edn 2015, p. 5.
17 Berlin, Russian Thinkers, pp. 234, 337.
18 Frank, Dostoevsky, pp. 510–11.
19 Dostoevsky, Crime and
Punishment, p. 445.
20 Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, pp. 55, 61.
21 Berman, All That Is Solid, p. 216.
22 Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 261.
23 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, Notes From Underground/The Double, pp. 15, 55, 137; Frank, Dostoevsky, p. 103.
24 Brodsky, Less Than One, p. 80.
25 Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, pp. 4–5, 22, 55.
26 Bernstein, Sonia’s Daughters, pp. 191–2.
27 Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, pp. 137, 275.
28 Zelnik, Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia, p. 251.
29 Ibid., pp. 247, 249, 255–6.
30 Frank, Dostoevsky, p. 467.
31 Babey, Anna Mary, Americans in Russia 1776–1917, New York: Comet Press, 1938, p. 11.
32 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 138–41; Frank, Dostoevsky, p.465.
33 Zelnik, Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia, pp. 241–3, 245, 268–72.
34 Buckler, Mapping St Petersburg, pp. 172–3.
35 Zelnik, Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia, pp. 212–14, 233 , 292, 300–302, 337–9, 341, 372.
36 Mikhail Bakunin and Sergei Nechaev, ‘The Catechism of the Revolutionary’, in Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, p. 308; Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, p. 122; Figner, Vera, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois Press, 1991.
37 Turgenev, Ivan, Fathers and Sons, trans. Rosemary Edmonds, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965, p. 39; Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, p. 194; Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, p. 85.
38 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, p. 337.
39 Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, pp. 128, 139.
40 Figner, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, p. 57; Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 247; Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 189, 205.
41 Gray, Camilla, The Russian Experiment in Art 1863–1922 (1962), revised and enlarged by Marian Burleigh-Motley, London: Thames and Hudson, 1986, p. 10; Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 262; Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, p. 93.
42 Bird, A History of Russian Painting, pp. 129–32, 142–3; Turgenev, Fathers and Sons, p. 25.
43 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 207–209, 215–16; Neville, Russia: A Complete History, p. 143: Frank, Dostoevsky, p. 732.
44 Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, pp. 143–4; Frank, Dostoevsky, pp. 764–5.
45 Radzinsky, Edvard, Alexander II – The Last Great Tsar, trans. Antonina W. Bouis, New York: Free Press, 2005, pp. 283–5.
46 Frank, Doestoevsky, p. 779.
47 Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, p. 148.
48 Figner, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, pp. xiv–xv, 44–5, 72–3, 75.
49 Ibid., p. 80.
50 Grand Duke Konstantin, diary, qtd in Frank, Dostoevsky, pp. 804–805.
51 Figner, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, pp. 78, 81–2; Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 257–60,
52 Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. II, pp. 149–50.
53 Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 351.
54 Babey, Americans in Russia, p. 15.
55 Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, pp. 81–2, 101; Maes, A History of Russian Music, p. 41.
56 Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, p. 195.
57 Maes, A History of Russian Music, p. 69.
58 Alexander Glazunov, qtd in Brown, Tchaikovsky Remembered, p. 100; Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, p. 127.
59 Maes, A History of Russian Music, p. 48.
60 Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, p. 181.
61 Neville, Russia: A Complete History, p. 133.
62 Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. II, pp. 115–17, 119.
63 Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, pp. 124–5.
64 Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. I, p. 58; Vol. II, p. 154.
65 Montefiore, Simon Sebag, The Romanovs 1613–1918, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2016, p. 447.
66 Dostoevsky, qtd in Frank, Dostoevsky, p. 298; Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p. 17.
67 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, p. 244.
68 Figner, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, pp. 84, 92.
69 Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. II, p. 155.
70 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 273–6.
71 Ibid., pp. 278–80.
72 Bird, A History of Russian Painting, p. 149.
73 Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, p. 153.
74 Figner, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, pp. 97, 99–101, 104; Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 283–9.
75 Narodnaya Volya, letter to Alexander III of March 1881, in Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, p. 314.
76 Figner, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, p. 7.
77 Read, Christopher, Culture and Power in Revolutionary Russia, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990, pp. 2–3.
78 Printseva, Galina, ‘The Imperial Hunt’, in At the Russian Court, pp. 314, 316.
79 Tarasova, Lina, in At the Russian Court, pp. 121, 130.
80 Wortman, Scenarios of Power, Vol. II, pp. 280–81.
81 Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, p. 430; Frank, Dostoevsky, p. 745.
82 Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, p. 266.
83 Seton-Watson, The Russian Empire, p. 273; Klier, John Doyle, Imperial Russia’s Jewish Question 1855–1881, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 361–2, 371, 373; Aronson, I. Michael, Troubled Waters: The Origins of the 1881 Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Russia, Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990, p. 228.
84 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, p. 247; Neville, Russia: A Complete History, pp. 147–8; Montefiore, The Romanovs 1613–1918, p. 463.
85 Aronson, Troubled Waters, pp. 228–9, 234.
86 Qtd in Buckler, Mapping St Petersburg, p. 168.
87 Bernstein, Sonia’s Daughters, pp. 44, 52, 59, 62, 86.
88 Shvidkovsky, St Petersburg – Architecture of the Tsars, p. 188.
89 Solovyov, in At the Russian Court, pp. 186–7.
90 McKean, Robert B., St Petersburg Between the Revolutions, New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1990, p. 1.
91 Neville, Russia: A Complete History, p. 148.
92 Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution, pp. 331–3.
93 Zuckerman, Frederic S., The Tsarist Secret Police in Russian Society, 1880–1917, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996, pp. 24–5; Montefiore, The Romanovs 1613–1918, p. 464.
94 Fedorov, Vyacheslav, ‘Theatre and Music in Court Life’, in At the Russian Court, p. 210.
95 Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, pp. 144, 147, 282–3, 291, 309.
96 Maes, A History of Russian Music, pp. 80–81, 183.
97 Qtd in Brown, Tchaikovsky Remembered, pp. 82–3.
98 Franks, Pavlova – A Collection of Memoirs, pp. 12–13.
99 Gregory and Ukladnikov, Leningrad’s Ballet, p. 14.
100 Nijinsky, Romola, Nijinsky, London: Victor Gollancz, 1940, pp. 68–9.
101 Buckle, Richard, Diaghilev, New York: Atheneum, 1984, pp. 13, 23.
102 Tarasova, Lina, in At the Russian Court, p. 135.
103 Karsavina, Tamara, Theatre Street (1948), London: Columbus Books, 1988, pp. 7, 30, 32.
104 Rimsky-Korsakov, My Musical Life, p. 221.
105 Ibid., p. 308; Grieg, qtd in Brown, Tchaikovsky Remembered, p. 77; Maes, A History of Russian Music, p. 134; Brown, Tchaikovsky Remembered, pp. 207, 211, 223–4.
10 DANCING ON THE EDGE
1 Buckle, Richard, Nijinsky, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1980, p. 29; Stravinsky, Igor, and Craft, Robert, Memories and Commentaries, London: Faber and Faber, 1960, p. 27.
2 Teatr i Iskusstvo, December 1904, qtd in Blair, Fredrika, Isadora – Portrait of the Artist as a Woman, Wellingborough, Northampton: Equation, 1987.
3 Qtd in Blair, Isadora, p. 113.
4 Stravinsky, Igor, and Craft, Robert, Expositions and Developments, London: Faber and Faber, 1962, p. 24.
5 Neville, Russia: A Complete History, pp. 151–2, 155–6; Fi
tzlyon, Kyril, and Browning, Tatiana, Before the Revolution, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977, pp. 16–17.
6 Letter of 25 November 1903, in Spring Rice, Sir Cecil, The Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Spring Rice, Vol. I, ed. Stephen Gwynn, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1929, p. 368.
7 Montefiore, The Romanovs 1613–1918, p. 494.
8 Tarasova, in At the Russian Court, p. 156; Maes, A History of Russian Music, p. 184.
9 Benois, qtd in Buckle, Diaghilev, pp. 31–2.
10 Tarasova, in At the Russian Court, p. 156.
11 Gray, The Russian Experiment in Art, pp. 37–40; Buckle, Diaghilev, pp. 10–11; Bird, A History of Russian Painting, pp. 180–81.
12 Buckler, Mapping St Petersburg, p. 35.
13 Gray, The Russian Experiment in Art, pp. 44–5, 48, 50, 54; Buckle, Diaghilev, pp. 29, 31.
14 Buckle, Diaghilev, pp. 85–7.
15 Wcislo, Francis W., Tales of Imperial Russia – The Life and Times of Sergei Witte 1849–1915, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 139; Gooding, Rulers and Subjects, pp. 82–3.
16 Neville, Russia: A Complete History, pp.159–62.
17 Dobson, George, St Petersburg, London: Adam and Charles Black, 1910, p. 121.
18 Solovyov, in At the Russian Court, p. 190.
19 Qtd in Buckle, Diaghilev, pp. 46–7.
20 Bowlt, John E., Moscow and St Petersburg in Russia's Silver Age, London: Thames and Hudson, 2008, pp. 133–6, 151; Guseva, Natalya, ‘The “New Style” in Russian Interiors’, in Art Nouveau – During the Reign of the Last Tsars, Aldershot: Lund Humphries, 2007, pp. 72–4, 76–9; Rappe, Tamara, ‘Art and Diplomacy in the Reign of Alexander III and Nicholas II’, in Art Nouveau – During the Reign of the Last Tsars, pp. 38, 44; Anisimova, Elena, ‘European Artistic Glass of the Age of Art Nouveau’, in Art Nouveau – During the Reign of the Last Tsars, p. 64.
21 Almedingen, E. M., Tomorrow Will Come, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1983, p. 14; Stravinsky and Craft, Expositions and Developments, pp. 30–31; Karsavina, Theatre Street, pp. 8, 115.
22 Nabokov, Speak Memory, p. 53; Mandelstam, Osip, The Noise of Time, trans. Clarence Brown, London and New York: Quartet Books, 1988, pp. 73–4; ‘The Egyptian Stamp’, in Mandelstam, The Noise of Time, p. 133.
23 Karsavina, Theatre Street, p. 113.
24 Mandelstam, The Noise of Time, p. 69, ‘The Egyptian Stamp’, in Mandelstam, The Noise of Time, p. 134; Biely, Andrei, Petersburg (1916), trans. Robert A. Maguire and John E. Malmstad, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978, pp. 9, 17, 29.
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