struck her: Dillon, Little Original Sin, 80.
afraid to spend: Bowles, Without Stopping, 223.
refused to continue: Dillon, Little Original Sin, 80.
194 Stalinist interpretation: Edmiston and Cirino, Literary New York, 352.
taking Benzedrine: Dillon, Little Original Sin, 97.
“delightful and sensible”: Stein, Autobiography, 309. In Copland and Perlis, Copland, 187.
chose this time: Davenport-Hines, Auden, 213.
“It was Chester’s”: In Farnan, Auden in Love, 61.
195 “utterly fantastic”: In Norse, Memoirs, 93.
“I shall be requiring”: In Caponi, Paul Bowles, 89.
196 twenty years: Bowles, Without Stopping, 342.
“Many people have”: Auden, “Review of Open House by Theodore Roethke,” Complete Works, Prose, 125–27.
final days: Mendelson, Later Auden, 174.
“For the saint must”: Auden, Paul Bunyan, in Auden and Kallman, Complete Works, 31.
“Dear Children”: Ibid., 31–32.
“unless I write”: Auden to Tania Stern, January 30, 1942, Berg.
failed to complete: Mendelson, Later Auden, 174.
Chapter 9
197 “Joseph, Mary, pray”: Auden, “For the Time Being,” Collected Poems, 366.
“Holland will arise”: Salmaggi and Pallavisini, 2194 Days of War, 109.
most homesick: Britten to Beth Welford, April 28, 1940. In Britten, Letters, 804.
“promising and frequently”: R.L., “Philharmonic Repeats ‘Sinfonia’ by Britten,” New York Herald Tribune, March 31, 1941, 8.
198 knocking out: Mitchell, “Origins, Evolution and Metamorphoses.” 115.
submitted an essay: Auden, “Opera on an American Legend,” New York Times, May 4, 1941.
“Everything in this”: Britten to Enid Slater, April 7, 1940. In Britten, Letters, 799.
“Since the birth”: Auden, “Paul Bunyan,” in Auden and Kallman, Complete Works, 5.
199 laughing frequently: Mitchell, “Origins, Evolution and Metamorphoses,” 93.
“a very clever”: Olin Downes, “Official Opening for ‘Paul Bunyan,’” New York Times, May 6, 1941, 25.
“Music-Theatrical Flop”: Virgil Thomson, “Music-Theatrical Flop,” New York Herald Tribune, May 6, 1941, 14.
200 “lisping, whimsical stinker”: George Davis, “Theatre,” Decision 1/5 (May 1941): 83.
201 “Let them stew”: Elizabeth Mayer to Britten, May 6, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 913.
“full of ideas”: In Davenport-Hines, Auden, 213.
filled with tears: Tony Palmer, director, The South Bank Show, “A Time There Was,” London Weekend Television, April 6, 1980, BPL.
202 reminded Britten of Aldeburgh: Seebohm, “Conscripts to an Age,” 19.
“the little Owls”: Ibid., 157.
203 “We meant to tell”: Pears to Elizabeth Mayer, [June 1941]. In Britten, Letters, 934.
“a grand evening”: Louise Bogan to Morton D. Zabel, July 10, 1941. In Limmer, What the Woman Lived, 221.
delivered a lecture: Farnan, Auden in Love, 69.
“I do become”: Davis to Georgina and Robert Davis, n.d., PD.
204 “she wants me”: Davis to Lee, December 26, 1940, BRC (Series I, b3, f2).
cough syrup: Carr, Lonely Hunter, 143.
separate beds: Ibid., 150.
205 gave her the ring: Ibid., 147.
grew more vicious: Ibid., 151.
“huffed and puffed”: Victor Guarneri interview, June 26, 2003.
“capering about”: Klaus Mann, “Two Generations,” Decision 1/5 (May 1941): 74.
206 bequeathed to him: Webb, Richard Wright, 195.
“Oh, Mother!”: In Bowles, Without Stopping, 101.
207 influence proved critical: Jennifer Dunning, “Oliver Smith’s Vision of Ballet Theatre,” New York Times, April 22, 1991, C13.
“Someday I’ll give”: Dillon, Little Original Sin, 95.
“an island of calm”: “Broadway, A Man for All Seasons,” Time, March 19, 1965, 86.
illustrations for Mademoiselle: Fran Schumer, “Broadway Magic: The Lyrical Visions of Oliver Smith,” NYU Alumni News Magazine, Fall 1990, 18.
“When you’re starting”: Patricia MacKay, “A Profile of Oliver Smith,” Theatre Crafts (April 1982): 60.
“last scandal”: In Gibson, Shameful Life, 464.
antique frames: Ibid., 465.
“Can one remember”: In ibid., 467.
208 “I loved your notes”: Lee to Lee Wright, May 15, 1941, BRC (Series VI, b45, f18). Mafia moved in: Preminger, Gypsy and Me, 58.
“Why should I?”: In J. P. McEvoy, “More Tease Than Strip,” Variety, June 4, 1941, 2.
208 “Does this sound good”: Lee to Lee Wright, February 26, 1941, BRC (Series VI, b45, f18).
209 “that long, hard”: Dorothy Barret, “Man Behind the Scenes,” Dance (March 1946): 23.
“The other drop”: In Reich-Ranicki, Thomas Mann, 168.
“social gatherings”: Max Ascoli to Klaus Mann, May 23, 1941, Decision papers, MAY.
210 merged with their own: Mann to Meyer Weisgal, March 5, 1941, Decision papers, MAY.
“a social and spiritual”: Mann, Turning Point, 347.
“paralyzed, as it were”: Ibid., 346.
deeply attracted: Hoffer, Klaus Mann, 113.
“I’ve never understood”: In Reich-Ranicki, Thomas Mann, 173.
211 “My case is not”: Ibid., 169.
Rudolf Hess: Salmaggi and Pallavisini, 2194 Days of War, 122.
“Devil’s stooges”: Klaus Mann, “Issues at Stake: Blood, Sweat, and Tears,” Decision 1/6 (June 1941): 3.
“Try to avoid”: Isherwood, Diaries, Vol. 1,179.
“The houses were”: Ibid., July 17, 1941, 175.
“Hitler’s attack”: Mann, Turning Point, 345.
212 “It is not too much”: Winston Churchill, “Fourth Climacterics of the War,” BBC broadcast, June 22, 1941, MTR.
“revulsion” against communism: Ibid.
“a parched and dusty”: Mann, Turning Point, 346.
“so dazing”: Ibid.
“all alone”: Ibid.
“I relish”: Ibid.
“Can a novel”: In Hoffer, Klaus Mann, 112.
“tell the truth”: Mann, Turning Point, 347.
213 “it is from”: Ibid., 347–48.
“Nature never intended”: Auden, Dyer’s Hand, 317.
ordered to report: Britten, Letters, 976.
“Caroline dear”: Auden to Caroline Newton, May 15, 1941, Berg.
214 “only perfection”: Auden, “Eros and Agape,” Complete Works, Prose, 2:138.
“we are delivered”: Ibid., 139.
“to actualize”: Ibid.
215 “To be saved”: Auden, “Wandering Jew,” Complete Works, Prose, 2:112.
216 “And from this”: Auden, “Sea and the Mirror,” Collected Poems, 441.
“Caught in the”: Auden, “For the Time Being,” Collected Poems, 363.
“I shouldn’t have minded”: Limmer, What the Woman Lived, 221.
217 “what it is like” : Pike, Modern Canterbury Pilgrims, 41.
“It’s frightening”: In Carpenter, W. H. Auden, 312.
218 “If I stay”: In Davenport-Hines, Auden, 214.
“Caroline was a silly”: Isherwood, Diaries, Vol. I, 181.
“I had to keep going”: Ibid.
ending the relationship: Mendelson, Later Auden, 178.
218 “We’re not going”: In Carpenter, W. H. Auden, 313.
219 “raised heaven and earth”: Britten to Beth Welford, August 19, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 969.
“How like her”: Mendelson, Later Auden, 178.
“an attractive”: Isherwood, Diaries, Vol. 1,181.
“poor Wystan cried”: Ibid.
Chapter 10
220 “It has taken”: McCullers, “We Carried Our Banners—We Were Pacifists, Too,” Vogue, July 1,
1941, 43.
hiring female mechanics: New York Herald Tribune, September 14, 1941, 1.
shipfitters, apprentice welders: Billie Cohen, “Torch Songs.” In Robbins and Palitz, Brooklyn, 342.
citizens’ first chance: “Shortages: Aluminum Drive Signals Start of Defense Raids on U.S. Kitchens,” Life, August 4, 1941, 19.
221 “Let that guy”: Mann, Turning Point, 353.
“beat the hell”: Ibid., 355.
“From now on”: In Buhite and Levy, FDR’s Fireside Chats, 196.
“I figure that”: Davis to Lee, December 26, 1940, BRC (Series I, b3, f2).
222 she disliked it: Katherine Anne Porter to Elizabeth Ames, May 29, 1943, in Porter, Letters, 268.
lay down across: Carr, Lonely Hunter, 156.
beer at her writing table: Ibid., 160.
$400: Ibid., 158.
223 picturesque stone tower: Ibid ., 159.
“It has gone”: Colin McPhee to Aaron Copland, July 20, [1941]. In Oja, Colin McPhee, 158.
“the poem in Decision”: McCullers to Muriel Rukeyser, “Monday,” n.d., Berg.
he had shared: Carr, Lonely Hunter, 157.
224 “The three of them”: McCullers, Member of the Wedding, 295.
moved to Rochester: Carr, Lonely Hunter, 172.
returned briefly: Ibid., 175.
“protective angel”: Ibid., 301.
225 “couldn’t take it”: McCullers, “Home Journey and the Green Arcade,” n.d., HRHRC (Series I, b9, f13).
fine spirits: Bessie Breuer to Klaus Mann, November 3, 1941, Decision papers, MAY.
translate her book-in-progress: Carr, Lonely Hunter, 203.
226 preferred some of the younger: Wineapple, Genêt, 175.
“takes his symbolic eminence”: Janet Flanner, “Goethe in Hollywood.” In Flanner, Janet Flanner’s World, 187.
Smith heard: Dorothy Barret, “Man Behind the Scenes,” Dance (March 1946): 23.
“he didn’t say”: Fran Schumer, “Broadway Magic: The Lyrical Visions of Oliver Smith,” NYU Alumni News Magazine, Fall 1990, 18.
227 “Here is the living portrait”: Janet Flanner (flap copy). In Lee, G-String Murders.
227 “These late hours”: Lee to Charlotte Seitlin, July 7, 1941, BRC (Series VI, b45, f18).
biggest-selling mystery: Richard E. Lauterbach, “Closeup: Gypsy Rose Lee,” Life, December 14, 1942, 93.
“I loathe the”: Davis to Robert Davis, September 22, 1949, PD.
228 “Driver drive faster”: Auden, “Calypso” (“Ten Songs: II”), Collected Poems, 266.
“I had my first class”: Auden to Caroline Newton, October 7, 1941, Berg.
“in fiesta”: Auden to Caroline Newton, November 11, 1941, Berg.
“What an anthropological”: Ibid.
“every time I ask”: Auden to James and Tania Stern, [ca. October 10, 1941], Berg.
“took my playing”: Ibid.
229 “I don’t like”: Auden to James and Tania Stern, December 18, 1941, Berg.
“Ann Arbor is going”: Auden to James and Tania Stern, [ca. October 10, 1941], Berg.
“Happy I can’t”: Auden to Caroline Newton, October 7, 1941, Berg.
“I’m terribly homesick”: Auden to Davis, November [1?], 1941, WLRC (Series 37, b3, f54).
“Perhaps you will”: Auden to James and Tania Stern, [ca. October 10, 1941], Berg.
“Sex has been”: Kallman to Auden, November 3, 1941, Berg.
“Just the other night”: Kallman to Auden, November 10, 1941, Berg.
230 “I know that”: Kallman to Auden, November 18, 1941, Berg.
“is not my natural”: Auden to Tania Stern, December 31, 1944, Berg.
“Perhaps it’s good”: Kallman to Auden, November 3, 1941, Berg.
“The person you”: Miller, Auden, 34.
Auden called “frivolity”: Pike, Modern Canterbury Pilgrims, 41.
231 erotic and religious: Mendelson, Later Auden, 180.
“All I ask”: Auden, “For the Time Being,” Collected Poems, 364.
“No, you must”: Ibid.
232 “Eva, my coloured nurse”: Ibid., 390.
“Deep among dock”: Ibid., 358.
“Domestic hatred”: Ibid., 367.
“the streets”: Ibid., 399.
233 “talk back to God”: Limmer, What the Woman Lived, 317.
“I feel as if”: Auden to Harold Norse, November 1, 1941, Indiana University Library.
“I have sketched”: Auden to Britten, November 11, 1941, Berg.
“I don’t remember”: In Carpenter, Benjamin Britten, 163.
“We live a very”: Pears to his mother, n.d. In Britten, Letters, 957.
234 “everyone out here”: Britten to William and Elizabeth Mayer, July 29, 1941, BPL.
“thoroughbred” of a composer: Ernest Newman, Sunday Times of London, May 4, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 958.
“the Battle of Britten”: Ernest Newman, The Times, June 8, 1941, in ibid.
“most of our musical”: George Baker, The Times, June 15, 1941, in ibid., 959.
title of “British composer”: E. R. Lewis, “English Composer Goes West,” Musical Times, June 1941. In Britten, Letters, 870.
“ultimately it is by”: Gerald Cockshott, Musical Times, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 871.
235 “a crazy country”: Britten to Barbara Britten, [on or after September 7, 1941]. In Britten, Letters, 973–74.
“the ugliest and most sprawling”: Britten to Beth Welford, August 19, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 968.
“swarming with refugees”: Britten to Robert Britten, August 4, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 966.
“If anything is more”: Benjamin Britten to Beth Welford, August 19, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 968.
236 “perpetual jig-saw puzzles”: Britten to Elizabeth Mayer, September 6, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 972.
“To think of Crabbe”: E. M. Forster, “George Crabbe: The Poet and the Man,” Sadler Wells Opera Book about Peter Grimes, 1945, adapted from The Listener, May 29, 1941.
“To all of them”: Ibid.
“the wallop”: Ibid.
237 “Our busy streets”: The Poetical Works of the Rev. George Crabbe (London: John Murray, 1851).
“I suddenly realized”: Britten, “On Receiving the First Aspen Award” (1964). In Kildea, Britten on Music, 262.
static nature: Britten, “England and the Folk-Art Problem (1941).” In ibid., 32–35.
238 Ethel had fallen: Britten, Letters, 962.
“Frankly, I’m a bit”: Britten to Beth Welford, August 19, 1941. In ibid., 969.
“like released prisoners”: Britten to Peggy Brosa, November 4, 1941. In ibid., 991.
239 “My recollection”: In ibid., 985.
“a grand kid”: Britten to David Rothman, November 12, 1941. In ibid., 998.
fallen in love: Carpenter, Benjamin Britten, 161.
“Unforgettable evening”: Elizabeth Mayer, diary. Reprinted in ibid., 885.
240 “He wanted to”: Britten, Letters, 999.
“you, especially”: Britten to David Rothman, November 12, 1941. In Britten, Letters, 998.
241 “Now there’s”: Miller, Auden, 57.
“Charlie, it’s amazing”: Ibid., 32–33
242 “gamble with himself”: Davis to Lee, December 26, 1940, BRC (Series I, b3, f2).
“A museum”: Nin, Diary, 270.
243 in Britain: Jane Isay interview, March 31, 2003.
the prisoners being: Ivan Klima, “What We Think of America,” Granta 77 (Spring 2002): 50.
Epilogue
244 “Each moment then”: Mann, Turning Point, 349.
“nearly down”: In Wineapple, Genêt, 176.
“It really isn’t fair”: Kallman to Auden, December 7, 1941, Berg.
245 “Promiscuity . . . fills one”: Auden to Caroline Newton, January 19, 1942, Berg.
“they all found”: Kallman to Auden, January 19, 1942, Berg.
The Crisis: Mendelson, Later
Auden, 176.
“just a Brooklyn”: Auden to Mina Kirstein Curtiss, January 14, 1942, Berg.
“there are days”: Auden to Elizabeth Mayer, February 20, 1943, Berg.
245 “I never really loved”: Auden to Tania Stern, January 30, 1942, Berg.
246 “If equal affection”: Auden, “The More Loving One,” Collected Poems, 584.
“He makes me”: Auden to Caroline Newton, January 10, 1942, Berg.
“Dearest Chester”: Auden to Kallman, December 25, 1941, HRHRC.
247 “I have reached”: Britten to Kit Welford, March 1, 1942, BPL.
“As you know”: Auden to Britten, “Saturday,” [January 31, 1942]. In Britten, Letters, 1015.
248 “I feel much”: Britten to Wulff Scherchen, September 9, 1941. In ibid., 977.
“in art, as”: Britten to Kit Welford, March 1, 1942, BPL.
249 “Snape is just”: Britten to Elizabeth Mayer, May 17, 1942. In Britten, Letters, 1049.
“The first impression”: Britten to Elizabeth Mayer, May 4, 1942. In ibid., 1037.
“I feel that”: Britten to Elizabeth Mayer, June 5, 1942. In ibid ., 1059.
“Our average income”: In Sally Hammond, “Closeup: Broadway Designer,” February 1, 1966. In Oliver Smith, clippings file, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
250 Stones were thrown: Rowley, Richard Wright, 269.
elite Rangers assault outfit: Carr, Lonely Hunter, 211.
“You can’t let”: Bowles, Without Stopping, 240.
251 “Oliver Smith has produced”: Carson McCullers to Reeves McCullers, January 6, 1945, HRHRC (Series II, b24, f9).
“more Brooklyn than Manhattan”: Dorothy Barret, “Man Behind the Scenes,” Dance (March 1946): 23, 41.
252 thirty-nine and five-twelfths: Gypsy Rose Lee Papers, BRC (Series I, b6 f20).
“an entertainer”: Preminger, Gypsy and Me, 346.
its editorial assistants: Grumbach, Pleasure of Their Company, 5.
“multiplied like planes”: Moulton, “Remembering George Davis,” 287.
253 “a parrot with”: Ibid., 289.
254 “unpleasant and grotesquely”: Auden to Newton, September 2, 1942, Berg.
“We got no answers”: Carpenter, W. H. Auden, 357.
reviewing the correspondence: Farnan, Auden in Love, 100.
Inducted at Fort Dix: Hoffer, Klaus Mann, 19.
256 “Bengy and Peter”: Auden (bill), BPL.
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