Hart, Levi, 164, 279, 291, 309, 319, 337
Hart, Norman, 197
Hart, “Widow,” 197
Hart, William, 279
Hartley, L. P., xiii
Haskell, Thomas, 285
Heaton, Hannah, 42, 55, 100, 156, 159–60, 187–88
heaven: and the body, 317, 321, 322–23, 327; and Catholics, 325; and children, 38, 40, 44, 48, 58, 143–44, 146, 151, 156, 331–33; and evangelical movement, 11, 69, 85–87, 274, 279, 318, 325–26, 329–32, 337; and family, 321, 329–33; and progress, 318, 324–30, 335. See also Osborn, Sarah: views on
hell: and children, 38, 40, 42–48, 57, 144, 146–47, 156, 164; and Enlightenment, 145, 324, 332; and evangelical movement, 9, 11, 37, 85, 87, 144–46, 227, 232, 331–32, 341; and revivals, 102, 121, 145. See also Osborn, Sarah: views on
Helvétius, Claude-Adrien, 302
Helyer, Jonathan, 173
Hemings, Sally, 267
Hildegard of Bingen, 185
Hitchcock, Gad, 327
Hobbes, Thomas, 145
Honeyman, James, 22
Hooker, Thomas, 143
Hopkins, Elizabeth West, xii, 339
Hopkins, Samuel, 86–87, 101, 118, 227, 292, 294–96, 307, 319–20, 325–27, 341; and antislavery movement, 284–88, 309–13, 339; and First Church, 277–80, 283, 295, 305–6; millennialism of, 303–4, 311–12, 314; relationship with SO, 90–91, 174, 251, 258, 277, 279–81, 294, 296–98, 314, 319, 321, 334, 337; and slaves, 281–84, 286, 294
—and SO’s manuscripts, xii, 138–40, 163–64, 251, 335, 339–40; alterations to, xii, 71, 74, 112–14, 118, 164, 258; Memoirs of the Life of Mrs. Sarah Osborn, xii, 71–72, 74, 118, 251, 258, 287–88, 291, 339
Housman, Hannah, 181, 189
Howard, Simeon, 330
Howe, John, 339
humanitarianism, 83–86, 145, 332; and antislavery, 284, 286, 343; and benevolence, 218–19, 225–28; and Enlightenment, xiii, 7, 10, 60, 83, 86–88, 145, 209, 226, 342–43; and evangelical movement, 7, 10, 60, 83, 85–88, 145, 218–19, 225–28, 343; and suffering, 43–44, 60, 83, 218, 228
human nature: Enlightenment views of, xiii, 7, 20, 23–25, 30, 46–47, 57, 83–84, 138, 209, 218, 279, 301–2, 322, 324, 342–43; evangelical views of, xiii, 7, 9, 11, 19–25, 28, 30, 36–38, 46–47, 50, 57, 76–77, 82–83, 85, 138, 193, 208–10, 212–13, 218, 225–26, 272, 277, 279, 284, 301–2, 309, 314–15, 323–24, 330–31, 340–41, 343; and human agency, 26, 28, 47, 187, 193, 209–10, 212–15, 288, 290, 340, 342; and progress, 226, 290, 302, 314–15, 324, 342. See also consumer revolution
Hume, David, 82, 226, 266
Huntingdon, Countess of (Selina Hastings), 55
Hutcheson, Francis, 24, 46, 100, 226
Hutchinson, Anne, 96, 185
Hutchinson, Thomas, 292
Indians. See Native Americans
individualism, 7–8, 99; and consumer revolution, 193, 199, 208, 210, 212–13, 340, 343; and Enlightenment, 10, 19, 48, 173, 185, 187, 190, 250, 267, 287, 330; and evangelical movement, 10–11, 19, 162, 173, 183, 185, 187–88, 190, 213, 250, 267–68, 330, 343; and experience, 101, 173, 183, 185, 190, 250, 267–68
Janeway, James, 48, 254
Jarratt, Devereux, 22
Jefferson, Thomas, 84, 267, 270, 286
Johnson, Samuel, 210
Joyce, James, 5
Judson, Ephraim, 277
Julian of Norwich, 152
Juster, Susan, 188
Kant, Immanuel, 266
Keith, George, 178
Kent, Benjamin, 25
King, William, 83–84
Kingsley, Bathsheba, 180–81
Kneeland, Samuel, 177, 188
Kramnick, Isaac, 187
Lackington, James, 31–32
Lamb, Hannah, 196
Leandro, Primos, 202
Leibniz, G. W.,327
Lincoln, Abraham, 309
Linnaeus, Carl, 266
Locke, John, 9, 24, 51, 83, 100, 195, 302, 324
Lord’s Supper. See communion
Luther, Martin, 117, 197, 199, 325, 329, 337
Lutherans, 11
Lyman, Joseph, 303
Madison, James, 302
Malbone, Godfrey, 195
Manicheans, 82
Marrant, John, 268
Martyn, Henry, 339
Marx, Karl, 194
Mary I (queen of England), 192
Marycoo, Occramar. See Gardner, Newport
Mason, Jack. See Nubia, Salmar
Mason, Mary, 307, 314, 319
Mather, Cotton, 21, 53, 81, 97–98, 100, 108–9, 155, 178, 195, 199, 225, 251, 327; and children, 36, 41, 44, 51, 231
Mather, Increase, 69, 330
Maxson, John, 248, 258
Mayhew, Jonathan, 57
Maylem, Ann, 177
medicine, 89–91, 142
Melville, Elizabeth, 318
Methodists, 339–40
Middlekauff, Robert, 97–98
midwives, 78, 89
millennialism, 10, 16, 252, 266, 274, 290, 301–2, 304, 309, 313–14; and American Revolution, 290–91, 301–2, 304–5, 309, 314; and S. Hopkins, 311–14; and slavery, 311–13. See also Osborn, Sarah: views on
Miller, Alice, 68
Miller, Perry, 28
missions, 11, 190, 219, 224–25, 228, 343; to Africa, 270, 281–83, 294, 313
modernity, xiii, 8, 19, 30, 159, 208; and Enlightenment, 8, 11, 30, 100, 159, 342; and evangelical movement, 1, 5, 7, 11, 30, 100–101, 208, 342–43
Mollineux, Mary, 179
Montesquieu, baron de (Charles-Louis de Secondat), 231, 266–67
Moodey, Samuel, 155
Moore, David, 211, 222–23, 233
Morgan, Edmund S., 140
mourning: and evangelical movement, 85, 138, 148, 157–60, 164–65, 316–17, 330. See also death; Osborn, Sarah
Murray, John, 325–28, 331
Murray, Judith Sargent, 189
Native Americans, 192, 203, 232, 308, 310; and evangelical movement, 10, 184, 265, 268; and Puritans, 224–25
New Divinity, 279, 304, 309, 340
New-England Primer, 38–39, 43
New Lights, 268
Newton, Isaac, 26, 82–83, 101, 171, 226
Newton, John, 128
Nichols, Cudjo, 202
North, Frederick, Lord, 292
Norton, Mary Beth, 341
Noyes, Mary Fish, 290–91
Nubia, Salmar (Jack Mason), 271, 294, 313
Occom, Samson, 268
Oliver, Peter, 292
Original Sin. See human nature
Osborn, Abigail (SO’s stepdaughter-in-law), 197, 203, 205, 207, 220, 222–24, 227–29, 231, 233, 244–46, 264
Osborn, Edward (SO’s stepson), 130, 132–33, 173, 203; death of, 204, 222, 233
Osborn, Henry (SO’s second husband), xiv, 1, 18, 129–33, 139–41, 152, 160, 174–75, 196–97, 201, 203–6, 213, 222–23, 233–34, 236–38, 277, 280, 294–97; death of, 297–98; SO’s prayer meetings, 245, 249, 257, 263; sons’ deaths, 203–4, 222–23, 228, 233
Osborn, Henry (SO’s stepson), 130, 132–33; death of, 203
Osborn, John (SO’s stepson), 130, 132–33, 173, 197, 203–5, 207, 220; death of, 222–23, 228, 233
Osborn, Johnny (SO’s step-grandson), 245–46
Osborn, Mary (SO’s stepdaughter-in-law), 204
Osborn, Nancy (SO’s step-granddaughter), 245–46
Osborn, Sally (Sarah) (SO’s step-granddaughter), 264, 283, 293, 295–98, 319
Osborn, Samuel (minister), 25
Osborn, Sarah: adolescence of, 59–65, 71–74; and American Revolution, xi, 18, 289–301, 303, 305–8, 314–15; and Anglicanism, 105, 107, 110; and Calvinism, 37, 53, 105, 107, 129; childhood of, 1, 16, 33–37, 40–41, 44, 48–53, 57, 93–94; and communion, 105, 111, 113–15, 173; and covenant theology, 115–16, 121, 129, 151–55, 162–64, 166, 240, 293, 307, 317; death of, xv, 182, 317–18, 321, 323, 333–35, 337; and First Church, xiv, 95, 100, 107, 113–14, 123, 129, 131, 143,
173, 198, 202, 222–23, 234, 245, 277, 279–81, 283, 307, 318–19, 334, 339, 341; illness of, 4, 59, 89–92, 94, 110, 218, 229–30, 246–47, 249, 251, 254, 262, 277, 280–81, 288, 290–91, 295, 307, 314, 317–18, 321–23, 326, 344; and mourning, 80, 116, 121, 139, 141, 147, 151, 153, 154, 156–57, 161–62, 164–65, 169, 171, 174, 204, 222, 241, 244; poetry of, 287–88, 291, 318, 328, 331; religious anxieties of, 41, 95, 119–22, 139, 176–77, 192; and Seven Years’ War, 191–92, 203–4, 222, 232–33; suicidal crisis of, 59, 65–71, 96, 109–10, 126; theft from parents, 72–77, 113–14, 125–28; and women’s history, 341–42; and women’s society, 30, 128, 131, 175–76, 196–98, 202, 229, 232, 234, 238–42, 257, 280–81, 283, 294, 297, 323, 339
—conversion of, 17–20, 61, 71, 93–96, 100, 103–5, 107–22, 129, 146–50, 204, 231–32, 242; and assurance, 103–4, 117, 129, 133, 148, 150–51, 168, 173, 176, 182, 228, 260
—correspondence of, xi, xiv, 4, 17, 123–28, 139, 189, 231, 242, 280; with Susanna Anthony, xii, 148–50, 152, 166, 176, 182, 314, 338–39; with Fish, 174–75, 197, 219–21, 230, 233, 236, 246, 248–49, 251–55, 257–63, 269–71, 274, 277, 290, 300, 304–6
—diaries of, xi–xv, 2–4, 16, 18, 139, 168–69, 174, 176–77, 197, 201–2, 219, 226, 228, 230, 235–36, 240–41, 246, 251, 260, 269–70, 288, 291, 297, 322–23, 328, 332–33, 335, 339
—economic hardship of, 1, 4, 16–18, 40, 59, 88–89, 92, 131–32, 139–40, 176, 191–93, 195–201, 205–7, 213–20, 224, 229, 231, 233–34, 236, 238, 294, 314, 318–19, 321, 334–35, 344; and inheritance from uncle, 244–45
—and evangelical Christianity, xiii, 1, 5, 7, 10, 16–17, 20–21, 25, 28–31, 95, 100, 103–4, 107, 117–19, 128, 171, 190, 339–42; and benevolence, 217–20, 222–24, 226–29, 235–36, 244–47, 264, 334; and evangelism, 219, 227–28, 231–32, 236, 238, 247, 258, 260, 263–64, 269; and Tennent, 93–94, 119–22; and the theater, 236–38; and Whitefield, 93–94, 119–20, 123–24, 128
—family of: brother, 40–41, 53, 60, 88–89, 120, 167; brother-in-law (French), 175, 238; cousin, 235–36; grandmother, 41, 60; parents (Haggar), 35–36, 40–41, 49–53, 60 –65, 68, 70–77, 79–80, 88–89, 95, 105, 107–8, 110, 113–14, 125–28, 167, 173, 252, 293; stepdaughters-in-law, 197, 203–5, 207, 220, 222–24, 227–29, 231, 233, 244–46, 264; step-grandchildren, 197, 203, 205, 220, 223, 229, 233, 245–46, 263–64, 283, 293, 295–98, 300, 319; step-great-granddaughter (Fellows), 293, 295, 297–98, 314; stepsons, 130, 132–33, 173, 197, 203–5, 207, 220, 222–23, 228, 233; uncle (Guyse), 24, 35, 38, 140, 207, 226, 244–45
—friends of, 64, 71–74, 123–25, 128, 174–77, 237, 300, 305 –8, 318–19, 321, 333, 337, 344; Susanna Anthony, 23, 123, 137, 141, 175, 177, 242, 259, 293, 307, 318–19; N. Coggeshall, 234, 259, 261, 264, 298, 307; Fish, 123–24, 177, 213, 308; S. Hopkins, 90–91, 174, 277, 279–81, 294, 296–298, 314, 319, 321, 334, 337; Phillis, 242, 252, 270, 288; Stiles, 258–59, 280–81; E. Vinal, 220, 222; W. Vinal, 220, 222, 229, 257–59, 263, 275–77, 280, 283–84
—marriages of: H. Osborn, xiv, 1, 129–33, 139–41, 152, 160, 174–75, 196–97, 201, 203–6, 213, 222–23, 228, 233–34, 236–38, 245, 249, 257, 263, 277, 280, 294–98, 300; Wheaten, xiii, 1, 16, 72, 74–77, 79–81, 88, 92, 96, 116, 125, 130, 139–40, 166–68, 288, 332
—memoir of, xi–xii, 16–20, 29–35, 40–41, 57, 61, 67, 70–72, 74–76, 92–95, 103, 112–15, 117, 129, 132–33, 139, 167, 335, 339, 344
—prayer meetings of, 4, 248–55, 257–61, 281, 290; African Americans at, 4, 10, 249–55, 259–61, 263–65, 268–75, 277, 281–84, 294, 312, 313, 319, 335, 339, 341; anxiety over, 258–59, 264, 275; Baptists, 257–58, 260, 263, 274; children at, 249, 251, 253–54, 259, 274, 277; criticism of, 250, 254–55, 257, 259, 264, 275; interdenominational, 254, 257–58, 281; interracial, 250, 254–55; men, 249, 253; millennialism of, 252, 274; young men, 248–49, 253, 259, 261–63, 274, 277, 312; young women, 248–49, 253–55, 259, 263, 274, 277, 281
—publication of work of, xii, 177, 182–84, 188, 335; The Nature, Certainty and Evidence of True Christianity, xii, 170–73, 177, 181–82, 184, 188–90
—school of, xiv, 4, 89, 120, 131, 141, 174–75, 196–201, 204, 206–7, 230, 247, 262, 294, 307; boarding school, 206–7, 219–20, 222, 229–31, 233, 281
—and scripture, 4, 20, 33, 35, 41, 68–69, 78–79, 81, 88, 92, 94, 107–10, 116–17, 122, 127, 131–32, 137, 139, 141–43, 146, 148–56, 160–63, 168–69, 174–76, 182, 207, 218, 220, 223–24, 230–31, 233–34, 237, 241–42, 249, 257–59, 262, 264, 270–71, 300, 303, 304–5, 317–18, 332, 334–36
—and slavery, 5, 7, 80, 219, 237–43, 264–65, 268–70, 275, 284–85, 287–88, 305, 310, 315; and Bobey, 174–75, 234, 237–43, 269–70, 288; and Phillis, 201–3, 234, 238–43, 252–53, 270, 288
—son of (Wheaten), 16, 77–79, 80, 88–89, 96, 107, 116, 120, 131, 139–41; illness and death of, 137–39, 141–44, 146–57, 159–69, 171, 173–75, 204, 238, 241, 331–33
—views on: the body, 317, 321–24, 326, 333–34, 336; children, 35, 37, 51–52, 57–58, 70, 140, 144, 331; consumerism, 193, 211–13, 244; God, xiii–xiv, 4–5, 7, 16, 30, 32, 37, 40–41, 52–53, 58–62, 68–69, 73–74, 77, 81, 85, 91–93, 104, 110–11, 114–15, 128, 132, 138–39, 142, 148–57, 161–63, 165–67, 169–71, 176, 192–93, 200, 204, 214–16, 229, 232, 236, 259–60, 289–90, 300–301, 303, 314, 317, 319, 321, 328, 331–33, 335–36, 344; heaven, 96, 129, 144, 150, 156, 224, 287, 308, 317–18, 323–24, 326, 331–33, 335; hell, 61, 65, 109–10, 114, 128, 144–47, 155–56, 281, 332, 335; human nature, xiii, 7, 9, 16, 19–20, 22, 28, 30, 32–35, 37, 41, 48, 53, 57, 69–70, 74, 76, 108, 119, 168, 193, 209, 212, 260, 272–73, 277, 288–89, 315, 317, 333, 336, 341, 343–44; millennium, 252, 274, 290–91, 305, 314–15; poverty, 7, 132, 214–16, 223–24, 235, 245, 317; race, 174, 242–43, 266, 269, 331; suffering, xiii, 4–5, 7, 16, 53, 59–61, 67, 70, 76, 82, 87–88, 91–92, 94, 110–11, 133, 138–39, 141, 149, 151–54, 157, 160–61, 163, 165–67, 169, 176, 216, 218, 224, 254, 270–71, 273, 300, 314, 341, 344; violence, 231–32
—writing style of, xii, 5; crossouts, 95, 115, 119, 131–33, 168, 188; experiential language, 9, 12, 100, 103–4, 107, 113–14, 119, 121–22, 133, 138, 148, 176, 189–90, 257, 339; mystical language, 31, 61, 152–53, 259, 316, 318, 332; present tense, 67, 75, 81, 108; sentimental, 181–83
Osborn Society, xiv, 339
Owens, John, 339
Paine, Thomas, 290
Park, Joseph, 21
Parsons, Jonathan, 21
Peabody, Benjamin, 280
Pemberton, Ebenezer, 183
Penn, Hannah, 178
Perkins, William, 97
Perrey, John, 189
Phillis (slave), 174, 201–3; and SO, 234, 238–43, 252–53, 270, 288
Pietists, German, 50, 225
Pocock, J. G. A., 8
Pope, Alexander, 84
Porter, Roy, 26
poverty, 195–96, 198; and Christianity, 198–201, 207–8, 214–17, 223, 225; and Enlightenment, 214–15, 343
predestination, doctrine of, 25, 37, 47, 53, 82–83, 85–86, 129, 148, 214, 341
Presbyterians, 98, 105, 268
Prince, Deborah, 147–48
Prince, Thomas, 47, 144, 147–48, 182, 189; and publication of SO’s Nature, Certainty and Evidence of True Christianity, 171, 177, 181, 183, 188
privateering, 80, 198; and John Osborn, 203–4, 220; and J. Quamine, 294, 300
progress: and Enlightenment, 8, 10, 226, 301–2, 304–5, 324–25, 327, 342–43; and evangelical movement, 7, 10–11, 218, 226, 290, 301, 304, 314, 327–28, 342; and heaven, 318, 324, 327–28, 335; and humanitarians, 218; and liberal Protestants, 214, 314; and millennialism, 290, 304, 314; and nationalism, 290, 304, 308
Protestantism, liberal, 8, 25, 46, 84, 209, 214–15, 279, 301, 304, 309, 313–14, 322, 324–31
Puritanism, 22, 35–36, 55, 115–16, 145, 160, 179, 182, 187, 189, 211, 224–25, 303, 318, 322–23, 327, 329–30; and assurance, 95–97, 99, 103; and children, 42–44, 48, 140, 254; evangelical
movement, 7, 9, 11, 86, 102, 112, 116, 187, 189, 208; and human nature, 21, 26, 63, 208, 225, 236; and suffering, 85–86, 225
Quakers, 23, 74, 99, 102, 184, 210, 212, 214, 224, 254, 293–94; and slavery, 265, 284–87, 294, 309–10
Quamine, Duchess (Duchess Channing), 282, 300, 313
Quamine, John (Quaum; Quamenee Church), 286, 294–95, 300; conversion of, 252–53, 271–72; education of, 270, 282–83, 288, 294; and mission to Africa, 270, 281–83, 313; and SO’s prayer meetings, 252–53
Quaque, Philip, 282
Quaum (slave). See Quamine, John
Quebec Act (1774), 292
Raynal, Abbé, 302
Reformation, Protestant, 8, 9, 11, 115, 325, 329, 337; and affirmation of everyday life, 159, 197, 325; and certainty of salvation, 96–97
Reformed Protestants, 11, 37, 44–45, 74, 99, 108, 189, 279
Rembrandt, 187
revivals, xi, 5, 11, 15–17, 21, 26, 28–30, 48, 95, 98, 102, 120–23, 125, 128, 130, 143–45, 171, 252, 339; and criticism of, 28–29, 98, 102, 117–18, 129; free African Americans, 268; and Native Americans, 268; and slaves, 266, 268; and women, 179, 250, 268. See also Osborn, Sarah: prayer meetings of
Revolution, American, 7, 60, 194, 318, 324, 327, 340; and African Americans, 294, 298, 300, 312–13; and antislavery movement, 284–85, 309–311; and millennialism, 290–92, 301–5, 309, 314–15; and Newport, 290, 292–300, 305–8
Richardson, Experience, 159
Richardson, Luther, 159
Richardson, Samuel, 46, 182
Robins, Benjamin, 171
Robinson, John, 63
Rochambeau, General (Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur), 307
Rousby, Gezelena, 184
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 183, 266, 301
Rowe, Elizabeth Singer, 112, 180–81, 189, 331
Rowlandson, Mary, 178
scientific revolution, 7, 24, 26, 82, 101, 171, 225, 301, 327–28
self-interest: and capitalism, 7, 194, 210, 286; and Enlightenment, 10, 343; and evangelical movement, 10, 193, 207, 210, 226–27, 340; and human nature, 193, 208, 210, 343; and liberal Protestants, 210
Separate Baptists. See Baptists
Separates (Strict Congregationalists), 98–99, 102–3, 117, 176, 263; and women, 180
Seventh-day Baptists. See Baptists
Sarah Osborn's World Page 56
