by Morris, Ian;
Politics (Aristotle), 260
Polo, Marco, 384–85, 387, 392, 427
Pol Pot, 16
Polybius, 263–64, 270
Polynesia, 421n
Pomeranz, Kenneth, 18, 20–21, 40, 158, 159, 168, 169
Pope, Alexander, 470
Popper, Karl, 157
population, 19, 20, 139, 150n, 237–39, 365, 467, 528, 538–40, 561, 565–66, 577–79, 612
aging, 551, 586, 617
of Britain, 505, 509
of Byzantium 347
of China, 17, 19, 201, 206, 237, 238, 242, 243, 286, 289, 298, 307, 355, 377, 392, 440, 484, 544, 547, 585
of Egypt, 185, 200, 296
epidemics and, 217, 295–96, 305, 308, 310, 347, 396, 437, 438, 455
farming and, 100, 103, 108, 319, 320, 600–601
global warming and, 601, 603
Greek, 219, 239
indigenous, American, 430, 464, 529
of Japan, 406, 440, 483
of Mesopotamia, 188
Muslim, 363
prehistoric, 66, 72, 76
of Roman Empire, 286, 291, 298, 312, 328, 335
urban, 149, 151, 338
Porphyry, 324
Portugal, 33, 414, 416, 419, 427, 430–32, 435, 440, 442, 460
Potosí (Bolivia), 460
Prester John, 414, 416
PricewaterhouseCoopers, 582
Priestley, Joseph, 568
Prince, The (Machiavelli), 419
Princess Taiping (ship), 413
Principia Mathematica (Newton), 470
privateers, 462
Procopius, 345
“Progress: Its Law and Cause” (Spencer), 135
Project Kittyhawk, 596
Protagoras, 261
Protestantism, 20, 448
Prozac, 594
Puabi, Queen, 189
Punjab (India), 271
“Pure Land School,” 322
Puritans, 574
Puyi, Emperor, 528
Pylos (Greece), 216, 217
Qermez Dere (Iraq), 94, 96, 97, 102
Qi (China), 233, 244, 251, 253, 262, 265n
Qiang people, 213, 221, 299–305, 307
Qianlong, Emperor, 484, 515
Qicunzhen (China), 382
Qi Jiguang, 442–43
Qin (China), 244, 251, 253, 259, 262–70, 275, 277, 279, 281–85, 292, 528, 610
First Emperor, 279, 282, 284–85, 289, 292, 293, 421n, 567
Qing dynasty, 458–59, 473, 476, 484, 499–500, 518, 520, 523, 528, 573, 574, 587
Qiying, 517
Qiying (ship), 6, 7
Quaid, Dennis, 92
Quanzhou (China), 379
Quebec, 463, 465
railroads, 12, 507, 509, 515, 523–24
Railway Children, The (Nesbit), 182
Raleigh, Walter, 463
Ramses II, Pharaoh, 199, 214, 215, 218, 220
Ramses III, Pharaoh, 216–18
Ramses XI, Pharaoh, 219
RAND Corporation, 615
Ranters, 452–53
Ravenna (Italy), 344
Red Cliffs, battle of, 304
Red Guards, 546
Red-Head Shiites, 444
Red Turbans, 404, 405
Reindeer Cave (France), 69
Rembrandt, 148
Renaissance, 417–22, 426, 433, 469, 474, 476, 569, 575, 589
Renfrew, Colin, 110, 112
Republic, The (Plato), 256, 260
Revivification of the Sciences of Religion (al-Ghazali), 367
Richardson, Lewis Fry, 608
Richardson, Samuel, 503
Riesman, David, 540
Rifkin, Jeremy, 591
Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, The (Kennedy), 248
Rites of Zhou (Confucian handbook), 204
Roanoke Colony, 463–64
Roberts, Richard, 496
Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 486
Rollo, King, 371
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The, 303, 304
Roman Empire, 136, 149, 159, 267, 280, 284–93, 320, 325, 341, 354, 370, 373, 403, 457, 482
China and, 273, 276
Christianity in, 263, 323, 326–28
collapse of, 14, 312–17, 533, 576, 611, 621, 569, 574
democracy made redundant in, 260
economy of, 288–91, 311–12, 335, 393, 499, 500, 564
Egypt and, 273, 283–84, 287, 311
energy use in, 157, 287, 380–81
environmental impacts of, 287–90
founding of, 284, 285
frontier wars of, 308–11, 323, 349
Greeks in, 280, 286
Han dynasty compared with, 285, 289, 291, 298, 307
Justinian and, 343, 345–48
literacy in, 379
Persia and, 308, 310–14, 328, 360, 361
plagues in, 296, 297, 307
Renaissance fascination with, 418–20
social development in, 168, 169, 307, 332, 382, 455, 469, 481, 607
Romania, 290, 312
Romanovs, 459, 499–500, 528, 551
Romans, ancient, 228, 263–64, 269–71, 376, 444
armies of, 265, 277, 289, 292
civil wars of, 281, 283
mythology of, 244, 263
Parthians and, 292–94
Spanish mines of, 155
trade of, 273–76
waterways of, 334–35, 337, 563; see also Roman Empire
Roman Warm Period, 290, 297, 299, 599
Rome, city of, 320
medieval, 363, 369
papacy in, 398, 404
population of, 148–49
Silk Road linking China to, 125
Rome (television series), 148
Rong people, 242–44, 263, 278
Royal Astronomical Society, 145n
Ruan Ji, 320–21
Russia, 368, 445, 455–60, 482, 488–89, 511, 518, 530, 550, 574, 601, 604–606, 608
Communist, see Soviet Union
Russian Revolution, 528
Russo-Japanese War, 17, 525–26, 528
Ryan, William, 81n
Sacrifice to Heaven, 340
Sagan, Carl, 613–14, 617
Sahara Desert, 116, 117, 119
Sahlins, Marshall, 106–107, 109, 140
Sakya (India), 262
Salem witch trials, 470
Sandy Creek (Australia), 77
San Francisco–New York railroad, 507
Sanxingdui (China), 214
Saracens, 353, 363
Sardinia, 198, 200, 220, 240
Sargon, 189, 192
Sassanid dynasty, 310
Saudi Arabia, 605n
Sautuola, Don Marcelino Sanz de, 73–74
Sautuola, Maria Sanz de, 74–75
Scandinavia, 363, 371
Schechter, Solomon, 365
Schmandt-Besserat, Denise, 124
Schöningen (Germany), 57
Schularick, Moritz, 585
Science Fiction Writers of America, 93
Scientific American (magazine), 125, 154
Scorpion King, 185, 187
Scotland, 353, 451, 472n
Scythians, 278, 279, 292, 294
Secret History, The (Procopius), 345
Segestans, 241, 244
Self-Help (Samuels), 503
Seljuk Turks, 363, 366, 367, 372, 374
Sennacherib, King, 247–48
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 551
Serbia, 605
Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, 320–21
Seven Samurai, The (film), 440n
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), 603
Severin, Tim, 421n
Sexual Politics (Millett), 540
Shakespeare, William, 436
Shalmaneser, King, 247
Shamshi-Adad V, King, 239
Shandong (China), 202, 203, 206, 207, 215
Shang, Lord, 259, 260, 265
Shang dynasty, 123, 124, 209–15, 220–22, 229–31, 235, 285, 610
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Shanghai (China), 501n, 503, 524, 548
Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 606
Shangshan (China), 105
Shanidar Cave (Iraq), 57, 59, 60
Shanks, Michael, 141
Sharkalisharri, King, 192, 193
Sheba, Queen of, 234
Sheklesh (Sicilians), 217, 218
Shen, 243
Shen Fu, 514
Shen Kuo, 419–20, 589
Sherden (Sardinians), 217, 218
Sheshonq I, King, 235
Shihuangdi, 267
Shiites, 358, 364, 367, 444–45, 449, 574
Shklovskii, Iosif, 613–14, 617
Shulgi, King, 193–94
Shunzhi, Emperor, 478
Siberia, 79, 125, 455–58, 460
Sicily, 198, 200, 220, 268, 277, 345, 360, 365, 368, 371
archaeological sites in, 95, 240–41, 365–66
Sic et Non (Abelard), 371
Sidonius, 314, 319
Sierra Leone, 146, 147
Silk Roads, 125, 275, 297, 396, 427, 429
silver, 7, 188, 275, 348, 405, 411, 454, 463, 515–16
mining and processing of, 19, 155, 268, 287, 460–62
Sima Qian, 211, 214, 242–43, 250, 282
Singapore, 534, 588
Singularity, the, 592–96
Sistine Chapel, 493
Six Million Dollar Man, The (television show), 594, 597
Six Records of a Floating Life (Shen Fu), 514
“Sixteen Kingdoms of the Five Barbarians,” 306
slaves, 286, 290, 310, 372, 439, 474
in ancient world, 191, 194, 197, 199–200
in colonial Americas, 19, 461–66, 468
in China, 264, 273, 299, 342
Christian, 403, 444
of Portuguese, 414, 416
of Romans, 263–64, 269, 273, 283, 312
Turkic, armies of, 358, 361, 366
in United States, 497
Smalley, Richard, 593
Smerdis, 249
Smil, Vaclav, 608
Smiles, Samuel, 503, 514
Smith, Adam, 39–40, 490, 501, 511
Smith, Grafton Elliot, 222
Socrates, 14, 255, 256, 260, 262
Solomon, King, 234, 235
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 457
Somalia, 604
Song dynasty, 373–83, 389, 421, 482, 543, 575, 576, 590
collapse of, 386–87, 392, 611, 621
Confucianism in, 423
economy of, 378n, 377–80, 386, 499, 500, 564
social development in, 167, 168, 455, 473, 481, 607
Song Jian, 201
Sons of Heaven, 236, 239, 245
Sophists, 261
South Africa, 47, 61, 63, 519
South Korea, 534, 543, 588, 597
Soviet Union, 526, 530–35, 540–44, 546–51, 553, 578–80, 587, 604, 616
Spain, 287, 309, 311, 347, 353, 365, 404, 466, 472
American colonies of, 413, 460–64, 467, 485
ancient, 33, 159, 189, 193, 215
archaeological sites in, 55, 73
Germanic tribes in, 314–15
Habsburg, 446, 448–49, 460, 462
Muslim, 360, 362, 370, 371, 396
prehistoric, 54, 55, 69, 73, 74, 77
Romans and, 155, 270, 289
Spanish Armada, 316, 573–74
Spanish Inquisition, 574
Sparta, 268, 524
Special Economic Zones, 548
Speer, Albert, 579
Spencer, Herbert, 135, 138, 139, 142, 148, 544
Spice Islands, 379, 431, 575
Springs and Autumns of Mr. Lü, 204–207
Springs and Autumns of the State of Lu, 244n
Sri Lanka, 16, 273, 408
Stalin, Joseph, 530–31, 534, 542, 579
Stanford University, 23, 110, 141, 597
Stargate (television series), 186
“Star Wars” anti-ballistic-missile shield, 591
state failure, 28, 217, 224, 298, 451, 453–54, 459, 598, 604, 611
Steffens, Lincoln, 531
Steinbeck, John, 535–36
Stephenson, George, 509
Stern Review, 600, 601, 609
Stigler, Stephen, 568
Stoics, 308n
Stoke-on-Trent (England), 498, 500
Stone Age, 381, 457, 610
Stonehenge, 182, 189
Stratagems of the Warring States, 263, 266
Stroganov family, 460
Sturges, John, 440n
Sudan, 200, 247
Suez Canal, 507
Sufis, 367
Sui dynasty, 333, 336–37, 354, 543
Suleiman, Sultan, 444, 446, 449, 457
Sullivan, Arthur, 522–23
Sumatra, 360
Sumerians, 186, 188–89, 193, 194, 196
Sun Microsystems, 612
Sunnis, 358, 364n, 367, 371
Susa (Mesopotamia), 179–80, 203
Suzhou (China), 501n
Sweden, 200
Sykes, Bryan, 110–12
Syracuse, 242
Syria, 90, 346, 352, 366, 392, 605
ancient, 184, 189, 196, 198–200, 216, 218, 220, 246, 248, 296, 308, 311, 323
archaeological sites in, 90–91, 94, 96, 97, 101, 104, 122, 123
plague in, 398
Tacitus, 307
Taiwan, 127, 212, 543, 548, 588
Taiyuan (China), 342
Taizong, Emperor, 457
Taizu, Emperor, 373, 374
Tajikistan, 606n
Tale of Genji, The, 360
Taliban, 571
Tamerlane, 401, 407, 574–75
Tan, Amy, 51
Tang, Duke of, 355
Tang dynasty, 333, 355–356, 360, 373, 420, 457, 587
Tanguts, 374, 376
Tang Xianzu, 436
Taosi (China), 203–208, 223, 562
Tarim Basin, mummies of, 125, 126
Tatars, 391
Teach, Edward (“Blackbeard”), 485
technology, 20, 315, 497, 510, 540, 547, 615
information, see information technology
maritime, 416, 499, 576
prehistoric, 47–50, 80
social development and, 139, 148, 226, 499–501, 509
weapons, 402–403, 548, 591–92, 606, 615–16, 618
