paranoia, 63, 152
Paris (Trojan prince, instigator of Trojan War), 298n
Parry, Hugh, 268n
Parsons, Talcott, 286n
Path to Victory, The: America’s Army and the Revolution in Human Affairs (Vandergriff), 6, 266
patient vs. client, 285n- 86n
Patroclus (older foster brother of Achilles), 83, 232, 267n, 298n
Achilles and, 243
funeral games for, 243
“pattern variables,” 286n
peace, 124, 145
military service and, 252
size of society and, 251 see also war
peace of mind, 33
penance, 152, 245
sacrament of, 153
Penelope (wife of Odysseus), 65, 120, 122, 123, 128, 255
mētis of, 74, 281n
Odysseus’ reunion with, 130-34, 137, 145, 246, 259
shroud woven by, 74, 132
suitors of,see suitors of Penelope
Pentagon, September 11 attack on, 253
Peradotto, John, 268n, 280n, 282n
perfectionism, 58-59
Pericles, 7, 235-36
Persian Gulf War, 220
Phaeacians, Land of, 12-18, 33, 104, 105, 118-19, 256, 257
philia, 158-59
philos (comrade), 158, 159, 249
physical reductionism, 247
Pindar, 77, 78
piracy, 26, 270n
pistis (trust), 287n
Pitman, R. K., 282n
Plato, 103, 156, 157, 242
plunder and booty, Odysseus’, 281n
poinē (revenge), 124
political left, treatment of Vietnam veterans by, 249
political participation, by veterans, 177
political right, treatment of Vietnam veterans by, 249
Politics (Aristotle), 157, 227, 248
Polyphemus (Cyclops), 45-46, 49
polysubstance abuse, 40
Poole, H. John, 293n
Poseidon (sea god, god of earthquakes, father of Polyphemus), 49, 50, 145
positive leadership, 226
Posttraumatic Gazette, The Web site, 262
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 98, 164, 192 complex,see complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
danger expected by sufferers of, 245
and hierarchy of suffering, 79
and hostility toward women, 73
narcissism and, 161
prevention of, 242
recovery from, 4, 5, 38, 64, 174, 178
repetitive cycling in, 285n
and sex, 118
simple,see simple Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
social conditions causing, 160
social-relational aspects of, 288n
and substance abuse, 36, 93-94
survival adaptations and, 40, 64, 149-50
symptoms of, 141-42, 161-62, 281n
treatment of, 4, 178, 286n
trust destroyed by, 151, 116
as war injury, 4
Web site, 262
power:
coercive attempts at dominance, 161
ethical uses of, 242
powerlessness, 248
Pressfield, Steven, 210, 293n
prevention of psychological and moral injuries, 5, 205, 206, 243
cohesion and, 219
ethical use of power and, 242
leadership performance and, 225, 227
military personnel policy and, 6
unit associations and, 221-22
preventive medicine programs, 88-89
Price, A. W., 284n
pride, 158
prisons, employment opportunities in, 25-26
private veterans’ preference in hiring, 52
Prodigal Soldiers: How the Generation of Officers Born of Vietnam Revolutionized the American Style of War (Kitfield), 222
Promotion Surgeries (cartoon), 228-29
prostitutes, 117, 118
Vietnamese, 70-72
“protected person,” 224
Proteus (shape-changing god, “Old Man of the Sea”), 161-62
psychological and moral injuries, 1-2, 33
cohesion and, 212
prevention of,see prevention of psychological and moral injuries
PTSD,see Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder recovery from, see recovery
replacement system and, 209
treatment of, 4, 178, 286n
PTSD,see Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
public veterans’ preference in hiring, 51
Pucci, Pietro, 91, 92, 269n, 277n
Puller, Lewis B., Jr., 5, 179
Internet discussion of suicide by, 180-98
wife and children of, 183, 197-98
Puller, Lewis B. “Chesty,” 179, 183
Pulver, Sydney, 284n
purification after battle, 152, 153, 244-45
Pylos, 126
Qaeda, al-, 301n
rage, 88, 159, 161
function of, 80
and violation of thumos, 156
rape, of Vietnamese prostitutes, 70
Raphals, Lisa, 297n
rationality, in military culture, 211, 212
Rauch S. L., 282n
RCS (Readjustment Counseling Service) Web site, 262
Readjustment Counseling Service (RCS) Web site, 262
“ReallyCares,” 190, 289n
recognition, desire for, 156
reconnaissance, 231, 237
Recovering from the War: A Woman’s Guide to Helping Your Vietnam Veteran, Your Family, and Yourself (Mason), 262
recovery:
communalization of trauma and, 243-44, 299n
in community, 4, 5
spontaneous, 178
stages of, 168-69, 174, 175
starting points for, 38
and unit associations, 222
by unlearning combat adaptations, 64
recruits, screening of, 214
Reichsheer (German army), 295n
Reinhardt, Karl, 273n
relationships:
losses of, 174
renegotiation of, 175
religion:
purification rituals of, 152, 153, 245
as source of courage, 212
Remarque, Erich Maria, 12, 16, 270n
“Remembrance” (Newberry), 171-72
replacement system, in U.S. military services, 209-10, 214-19, 221, 229, 264
and average annual unit changes, 294n- 95n
Resch, John P., 154, 284n
respect, veteran need for, 245-46
revenge, 125, 282n
Revolutionary War veterans, 154, 155
rhapsodes, 103
rhētor (persuasive public speaker), 176
Rhetoric (Aristotle), 227
Richards, Chester W., 297n
Richards, Chet and Ginger, 297n
Richardson, Scott, 268n
“right stuff” theory of good military performance, 212, 214, 293n
risk-taking behavior, 39, 44-45, 50, 160
Road Back, The (Remarque), 12, 16, 32
Rodríguez, Lillian, 164, 165
Rodriguez, Michael W. (VWAR), 199
Roemer, Lizabeth, 281n
Rohde, Richard R., 288n
Roisman, Hanna, 91, 102, 276n, 277n, 278n
Roman Catholic religion, 153
Roman purification ceremony, 153
Root, Elihu, 209
Rorty, Amélie, 156, 284n, 288n
Rosenberger, John, 223, 296n
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 156
safety:
at home, 245
recovery and, 38, 168, 176
Saigh, Philip A., 276n
scar, on Odysseus’ thigh, 133, 139, 142-44, 274n
Schein, Seth, 273n
Schmid, Alex P., 286n
scholiasts (ancient commentators on Homer), 122
Schueckler, Jim (VWAR), 193, 198
Virtual Wall Web site, 261
scientific management, 227
; Taylor’s theory of, 209
Scylla and Charybdis, 66, 75, 96-99, 257
SEAL teams, 110, 283n, 297n
secondary trauma, 83, 276n
sedatives, 38
Segal, Charles, 92, 269n, 275n, 277n, 278n, 280n
self-care, 38, 88, 160
recovery and, 168, 176
self-control, 152
self-deception, 234
self-loathing, 160
self-medication, 38, 39, 40, 94
self-motivation, 215
self-mutilation, 271n
self-respect, 157, 160
self-worth, sense of, 157
Serbia, 273n
SERE (Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape), 28
7th Infantry Division (Light), 216
Severo, R., 284n
sex, love and, 211
sexaholism, 39, 118
sexual experiences:
of soldiers in Vietnam, 70-72, 115-16
of veterans, 72-73, 114, 116-18
shame, 158
“Sharkbait” (VWAR), 195
Sheehan, Neil, 280n, 283n
Shelby, Jim, 1, 268n
Shin, L. M., 282n
simple Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (simple PTSD), 4, 151
as disability, 150
recovery from, 64
survival adaptations and, 40, 149-50
treatment outcome in, 286n
Sinon (Greek double agent), 233, 234
Sirens, 86-87, 89, 91, 92, 95, 96, 257
sleep disorders, 38, 39, 54-55, 246
slums, American, deference and honor in, 250
Sober, E., 300n
sobriety, recovery and, 38, 168, 176, 199
social animal, man as, 248
society, 162, 247-48
size of, and warfare, 251
Sophocles, 78, 275n
SORTS (Status of Resources and Training System), 294n
“Southie Marine Regiment,” 85
Southwick, Steven M., 282n
sovereign states, 301n
Sparta, 124, 126, 231, 281n
Spawforth, Anthony, 275n
Spector, Dennis, 71-72, 73-74, 152, 208, 274n, 292n
Spinney, Franklin C., 297n
Spirit, Blood, and Treasure: The American Cost of Battle in the 21st Century (Vandergriff, ed.), 291n
spontaneous recovery, 178
spying, 231, 237
Stanford, W. B., 6-7, 78, 242, 269n, 271n, 275n, 280n, 299n
Starry, Donn A., 210, 211
Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS), 294n
Status Warriors (van Wees), 250
Stewart, Nora Kinzer, 210, 293n
stimulants, 38
Stofft, William A., 295n
Strott, Jerry, 189
Strott, Judee (VWAR), 189-90, 289n
Stubbings, F. H., 270n
subsidiarity, principle of, 249
substance abuse,see alcohol and substance abuse
substantive validation, 168, 169
“Suezq” (VWAR), 192
suffering, disclosure of, in group therapies, 174
Suffering Soldiers (Resch), 154
suggestibility, 160
suicide, 54, 93-95, 290n- 91n
and families of veterans, 196
of Lewis B. Puller, Jr., 179, 180-98
suitors of Penelope, 123, 124, 129-32, 145, 245, 255, 258
in bow and axe heads contest, 134, 259
courting gifts of, 131
danger to Odysseus from, 126
suitors of Penelope (cont.)
Odysseus’ first encounter with, 129, 136
Odysseus’ food eaten by, 45, 135
Penelope’s flirtation with, 129-30
slaughter of, 259
Sultan, Nancy, 143, 282n
Summers, Harry G., 183
sun god,see Helios
sun god’s cattle, 100-102, 107, 236, 257
Sun Tzu, 231
Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE), 28
survival adaptations, 40, 54, 97, 149-50
and suppression of emotion, 137
and veterans’ feelings of threat, 63-64
survivor guilt, 76, 78-80
Sykes, Tom (VWAR), xiv, 183, 288n
Talmud, 253
tank crews:
cohesion of, 219
training of, 217-18
Taylor, Fredrick Winslow, 209
team skills, 218-19
Tegtmeier, John, 290n
Web site, 261
Teiresias (prophet, seer), 96, 135, 145, 257
Telemachus (son of Odysseus), 36-37, 126-31, 144, 145, 255, 257-59, 280n, 281n
Odysseus’ reunion with, 127
in visit to Menelaus, 231
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 30-31, 45
10th Mountain Division, 220
Tet Offensive, 29, 30, 93, 235
Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War, The (Wirtz), 234-35
Thanh Phong, 110, 279n, 283n
Thayer, Thomas C., 296n
theater, Athenian, 152-53
themis, 206, 248
Theogony (Hesiod), 299n- 300n
therapies
art, 243, 244
and forgetting, 299n
group,see group therapies for moral pain, 152
Three Fighting Men (statuary group), 244
thrill-seeking behavior, 39, 44-45, 50, 160
Thrinacia, island of, 96, 100, 101
Thucydides, 235-36
thumos (spirit, fighting spirit, heart), 12-13, 46, 247, 277n, 284n
as character, 156-62
giant, 243, 249-50
injury to, 156-62, 248
leadership and, 227
and megalothymia, 299n
as narcissism, 156, 159-62
power and damage to, 242
restoration of, 162
Tillson, John C. F., 215, 218, 294n- 95n, 296n, 302n
timē (honor), 104
Tooby, John, 300n- 301n
“To Perpetual Peace” (Kant), 249
torture,see atrocities and torture
Tracy, Stephen V., 301n
tragedy, katharsis and, 153
tragic theater, Athenian, 152-53
trauma:
of Achilles, 243
arts and healing of, 244
childhood, 143-44, 248, 271n
communalization of, 243-44, 299n
and experience of the holy, 287n
healing and prevention of, in democracy, 243
and heroes, 243
of Odysseus, 140-44, 243
post-traumatic,see Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
pre-military, 142, 144
secondary, 83, 276n
and thumos, 161, 248
trust destroyed by, 176
Web site, 262
Trauma and Recovery (Herman), 243
trauma studies, influence of, 246-49
treatment, 4, 30, 178, 286n see also Veterans Improvement Program
Tritle, Lawrence, 85, 276n, 287n
Trojan Horse, 233-36, 298n
trust, 229, 287n
betrayal of, 158
capacity for, 162
cohesion and, 219
as combat strength multiplier, 291n
in community, 175-76
competence and, 224
destruction of, in veterans, xv, 4, 59, 64, 151, 152, 156, 166
military leadership and, 226-28
in military organization, 206
Odysseus’ lack of, 237
protection of capacity for, 205
Spector on, 292n
truth-telling and, 211, 228
of veterans, in clinicians, 167
truth, 87, 89, 91-93, 95
of Kerrey mission, 111
maintenance of trust and, 211, 228
tyranny, 251
of Athens’s foreign policy, 301n
trauma survivors and, 244
Ulmer, Walter, Jr., 229
Ulysses:
me
aning of name, 143 see also Odysseus
Ulysses (Tennyson), 30-31, 45
underworld, Odysseus in the, 76-80, 82-84, 174, 257
Unit Manning System, 293n see also COHORT program, U.S. Army
Unit Manning System Field Evaluation, 215
unready, unit’s status as, 294n
uppers, 38, 39
U.S. Army Institute for Behavioral and Social Sciences, 210, 292n
Utopia (More), 19
Valium, 38
value, veteran need for, 245-46
van Creveld, Martin, 209, 212-13, 214, 292n, 293n
Vandergriff, Donald, 6, 266, 291n, 292n, 294n, 296n
Vann, John Paul, 283n
van Wees, Hans, 250, 277n, 279n, 300n
venereal diseases, 70, 115
Verkamp, Bernard J., 283n
Vernant, Jean-Pierre, 277n, 297n
Versailles Treaty, 295n
Vet Centers Web site, 262
Veteran Comes Back, The (Waller), 121
veteran narratives (pseudonymous):
Airborne reconnaissance sergeant, and sleep, 54
Doc, 93-95
Farmer, 58, 90-91
Leban, 31
Life-a-mission, 56-57
Line, 87-89, 91
Mercer, Bear, 22-26
River, 53
sunny picnic, 64
tank veteran, 81-82, 125-26
train station beggar, 63
Wilson (composite), 68-69
Wiry, 27-31, 114-18
veteran narratives (real names):
Garvey, Mary, 79
Hoffman, George “Sonny,” 86
Spector, Dennis, 71-74
Viehman, Michael, 178-79
veterans,see combat veterans; Vietnam veterans; World War I veterans; World War II veterans
Veterans Administration Clinic, Boston, 164
Veterans Improvement Program (VIP), VA Clinic, Boston, 164-78, 180, 200-201
Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), 40, 155
veterans’ service organizations, 40, 41, 221-22
VFW,see Veterans of Foreign Wars
Viehman, Michael (VWAR), 178, 184-85
Viehman, Michele (VWAR), 185, 194
Viet Cong, 23, 25, 28, 68, 70, 93, 110, 213, 283n
Viet Minh, 131, 155
Vietnam civilians, killing of, 110-12
Vietnam Dog Handlers Association, 183
Vietnamese, use of American arms by, 131
Vietnam veterans:
acceptance needed by, 245
bitterness of, 102
bragging and threats of, 122
and changes in society, 246
civilian occupations of, 20
civilians as viewed by, 135-36, 144
civilian view of, 152, 154-56
in combat mode, 20, 22, 27
criminal behavior of, 27, 30-31, 33, 34
danger expected by, 245
danger-seeking behavior of, 44-45
disorientation of, 120-21
exploitation expected by, 167
Vietnam veterans (cont.)
at family celebrations, 16
family income of, 136
feelings of threat and vulnerability in, 63-64, 99, 133-34
Odysseus in America Page 43
