Ballerina
Page 24
Emarot, Jeanne-Emma Marie. See Livry, Emma
Emarot, Jeanne-Léontine, 72–73
Ephrussi, Charles, 64, 65
Eugene Onegin (Pushkin), 117
L’Europe galante (Campra), 37
Farrell, Suzanne, 144–45
Ferraris, Amalia, 75
Ferri, Alessandra, 163
Les Fêtes grecques et romaines, 37
Les Fêtes vénitiennes, 26
Feydeau, Ernest-Aimé, 87
La Fille mal gardée (Dauberval), 37, 118
Fimarcon, Monsieur, 18
The Firebird (Stravinsky, Fokine), 125, 196
fire hazards, vii–ix, 71, 80–89
Fish, Joel, 218–19n33
Fokine, Mikhail, 121, 124–25, 127, 128, 196
Fonteyn, Margot, 125, 163
foyer de la danse, 53–55, 65, 72
Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, 42
Franca, Celia, 164, 165
Franco-Prussian War, 60–61, 62
Frederick Adolf, Prince of Sweden, 19
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great), 19
French Revolution, 43–44, 45
the Fronde, 6
Gand, Alexandre Maximilien Balthazar de, 24
Gardel, Maximilien, 37–38, 40
Garnier, Charles, 52
Garritano, Mariafrancesca, 171–72
Gautier, Théophile, 49, 54, 55–56, 78, 89–90, 91
Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet, 198–202
Genet, Jean, ix
Giselle (Saint-Georges), 50, 79, 118, 128, 136, 188, 194
Glasco, Kimberly, 156–58, 159–69, 224n28
Gochnauer, Lois, 167
Goleizovsky, Kasyan, 131
Goncourt, Edmond de, 36
Grahn, Lucile, 50
Grand-Maître, Jean, 159
Les Grands Ballets Canadiens, 169, 190
Grantzow, Adèle, 76
Gregory, Cynthia, 151
Grisi, Carlotta, 50
Grognet, Manon, 34
Gruer, Maximilien-Claude, 30–31
Guenther, Heidi, 143–44, 222n56
Guest, Ivor, 72
Guillem, Sylvie, 163, 197
Guimard, Fabien, 36
Guimard, Marie-Madeleine, 35–45, 51, 214n116
Guimard (the Widow), 36
Guinness, Walter, 124
Hagman, Sophie, 19
Halévy, Ludovic, 51
Hanna, Judith Lynne, 135
Haran, Anne, 18
Hart, Evelyn, 185, 188–89
Harvey, Cynthia, 150
Harwood, Vanessa, 167, 191
Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, 52–53
Hennessey, Traci, 143–44
Heppenstall, Rayner, 1
Holmes, Anna-Marie, 144
Homans, Jennifer, 8, 116
Houle, Julie, 166–67
Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 64
Imperial Ballet School (later the Mariinsky), 116, 117, 119, 120, 127, 130
injury prevention and athletic training, vii–ix, 71, 80–89, 175–85, 190, 191
Iphigénie en Tauride (Desmarest), 23
Istomina, Avdotia, 117
Ivanov, Lev, 118
Jaffe, Susan, 150
Jago-Romeril, Mary, 191, 192–93
Janin, Jules, 49
Jarente de La Bruyère, Louis-Sextius de, Bishop of Orléans, 39, 41–42
La Jeune fille aux allumettes (Benoît-Lévy), viii–ix
Jockey Club de Paris, 50–51, 72, 73, 74
Kahane, Martine, 61–62
Kain, Karen, 163, 190, 191
Karsavina, Tamara, 124–25, 130
Kaye, Nora, 187
Kendall, Richard, 66
Kent, Julie, 193–94
Keynes, John Maynard, 124
Kirkland, Gelsey: on Balanchine and psychological distress, 138, 141, 145, 197–98; firing of, 149–50; Gelsey Kirkland Academy, 198–202; plastic surgeries, 137
Kirov Ballet. See the Mariinsky
Kirstein, Lincoln, 130
Kolosova, Evgenia, 117
La Korrigane (Mérante), 67
Kschessinska, Mathilde, 119–23, 125–26
Kschessinsky, Felix, 120
Kudelka, James, 157–58, 159–65
Laborde, Jean-Benjamin de, 38–39, 41, 43
Laborie, Dr., 82–83
La Fontaine, Mlle, 12
Lancret, Nicolas, 33
Landé, Jean-Baptiste, 116
La Scala Ballet, 156, 171–72
Lassiat, Caroline, 76
Lau, Comtesse de, 43
Le Boeuf, Claude-François, 31
Lecouvreur, Adrienne, 25
Ledoux, Claude Nicolas, 42
Legnani, Pierina, 92, 119
Legris, Manuel, 158–59
Leigh, Vivien, 3
Leland, Sara, 135
Lenin, Vladimir, 126
Leopold, Prince of Salerno, 54
Levaillant, Denis, 70
Levinson, André, 128
Lightheart, Kim, 155
Little Dancer, Aged Fourteen (Degas), 61–66, 216n33
Livry, Emma, 105; argued against carteronage, 86–87; early career, 50, 73–80; fatal accident, 80–83, 85, 87–89, 218–19n33; funeral and legacy, ix, 89–92, 136, 219n36
Lock, Edouard, 169
Lopokova, Lydia, 124
Loquasto, Santo, 161
Louis-Auguste, 22
Louis-Philippe I, 75
Louis XIII, King, 5
Louis XIV, King, 5–6, 13, 18, 22, 38
Louis XV, King, 31, 34
Louis XVI, King, 5, 8, 10, 43
Lully, Jean-Baptiste, 10–13, 16–17, 23
Luynes, Duc de, 35
Macaulay, Alastair, 177–78
Mahalin, Paul, 57–58
Maintenon, Madame de, 8
Makarova, Natalia, 150
Mantz, Paul, 64
Le Mari de la danseuse (Feydeau), 87
Marie Antoinette, Queen Consort, 43
the Mariinsky, 116, 121, 127, 143, 179
Mario, Giovanni Matteo, 81
Martens, Frederick H., 11–12
Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien (Debussy), 124
Mason, Monica, 141
Maurepas, Comte de, 30
Mauri, Rosita, 67
Maximova, Ekaterina, 163
Mazarin, Duc de, 18
Mazarin, Jules, 6
Mazo, Joseph, 131
McAllister, David, 183
McBride, Patricia, 135
Mearns, Sara, 177
Melchior, Friedrich, Baron von Grimm, 42
Melun, Comte de, 29
Melun, Duc Louis II de, 18
Mémoires secrets (anon.), 41, 42
Mérante, Louis, 67
Mesmes, Jean-Jacques de, 22–24
Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 49
Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin), 9, 11, 39
Money, Keith, 127
Montespan, Madame de, 22
Montguyon, Ferdinand de, 73–76, 80, 88–89, 90
Moore, Barbara, 159
La Mort du cygne (Benoît-Lévy), viii
La Muette de Portici (Auber), 80–81
Muller, Jacques, 82
Murat, Caroline Laetitia, 73
Napoléon III (Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte), 52, 74–75, 89, 90
National Ballet of Canada: ageism and Glasco dispute, 151–52, 156–58, 159–69, 224n28; body type preferences, 155
, 169–70; health and safety issues, 172, 184, 190, 191; relationships among dancers, 191; work/life balance, 192–93
Neary, Patricia, 155–56
New York City Ballet, 130–37, 140, 149, 177, 179, 207. See also Balanchine, George (Georgi Balanchivadze); Kirkland, Gelsey
Nicholas I, Tsar, 118
Nicholas II, Tsar, 121, 125
Nijinsky, Vaslav, 122–24, 128
Nissinen, Mikko, 159
Noverre, Jean-Georges, 40
Nureyev, Rudolf, 164, 167, 190, 191
The Nutcracker (Tchaikovsky), 132, 162, 177–78, 198–99
Offenbach, Jacques, 79
Oliphant, Betty, 164
Oliver, Wendy, 140
O’Monroy, Richard, 59
Opéra Statutes, 18
Osato, Sono, 136
outspokenness, 147, 151, 156, 164, 168–69, 170–71. See also Glasco, Kimberly
Paléologue, Maurice, 125
Pankov, Gradimir, 169
Le Papillon (Offenbach, Taglioni), 79–80, 85, 91, 136
Papillon de La Ferté, Denis-Pierre-Jean, 40
Paris Opéra: les abonnés, 53–54, 57, 63, 67; backstage world of, 17–20, 31, 50–52; dancers’ revolt, 40; École de Danse, 63, 72; foyer de la danse, 53–55, 65, 72; under Lully, 11–13, 16–17; Palais Garnier, 52–53; petits rats, 55–59; privately funded, after Lully, 47; safety precautions, 84, 86; stagnation of, after Livry, 90–92; Temples of Terpsichore and, 41. See also Degas, Edgar; specific ballerinas
Pavlova, Anna, 3, 126–29, 190
Pécour, Guillaume-Louis, 13, 20, 26
Peppin, Rachel, 141–42
Perrégaux, Jean-Frédéric, 43
Perrot, Jules, 72, 118
Petipa, Lucien, 91
Petipa, Marius, 91, 118–19, 121
La Petite Danseuse de Degas (Bart, Levaillant), 70
les petits rats, 55–61. See also van Goethem, Louise Joséphine (Charlotte); van Goethem, Marie
Petrushka (Stravinsky, Fokine), 125
Philomèle (Charpentier), 19
Pigalle, 62, 68–69
Pluque, Edouard, 82
Poinsinet de Sivry, Louis, 28
Poquelin, Jean-Baptiste (Molière), 9, 11, 39
Potts, Nadia, 191
pregnancy, in ballerinas, 36, 50, 55, 72–73, 130, 159, 188, 191–94
Prévost, Françoise, 20–26, 32–33, 34, 38, 44–45
Prévost d’Exiles, Antoine François, 31, 34
Prince (singer), 197
The Prodigal Son (Diaghilev), 131
proscenium arch stage, 12, 13–14
prostitution, of ballerinas, 50–61. See also ballerina-courtesans; Paris Opéra
Pushkin, Alexander, 117
Quinault, Philippe, 11, 25
racism, 194–96
Rameau, Jean-Philippe, 9, 21, 37, 213n86
Ratmansky, Alexei, 196
Rat Mort, 68–69
Raymonda (Petipa), 92
Raymonda Variations (Balanchine), 132
Rebel, Jean-Féry, 21
retirement issues, 137, 185–91
The Revolt of the Harem, 84–85
Rhatigan, Summer Lee, 169–70
Richardson, Caroline, 204–5
Ringer, Jenifer, 177–78
Robert le Diable, 48–49, 83
Roche-Aymon, Comte de la, 18
Rodriguez, Sonia, 193
Roerich, Nicholas, 122
Rojo, Tamara, 177
Roland (Quinault), 25
Romantic ballet, 47–50, 83–84, 91, 117–18, 135–36, 165. See also Livry, Emma; Taglioni, Marie
Rosati, Carolina, 50, 75
Rose, Morgann, 170
Rossignol, Dr., 82–83
Royer, Alphonse, 75–76
Rubinstein, Ida, 124
Runaway, 196
Russell, Jeffrey, 178–82
Russian ballet, 91–92, 115–19. See also Balanchine, George (Georgi Balanchivadze); Les Ballets Russes; Kschessinska, Mathilde; Pavlova, Anna; Petipa, Marius
Sackville, John Frederick, 19
Le Sacre du printemps (Stravinsky, Nijinsky), 122–23
safety issues. See injury prevention and athletic training
Saint-Georges, Jules-Henri Vernoy de, 79
Saint-Léon, Arthur, 72, 118
Saint-Victor, Paul de, 77–78
Sallé, Francis, 32
Sallé, Marie, 26, 31–35, 45, 213n86
Sarkissova, Karina, 158–59
Schéhérazade, 124
Schlosser, Mlle, 86
School of American Ballet, 198, 207
Schorer, Suki, 207
Scotch Symphony (Balanchine), 132
Scott, Amber, 184
Second Empire, 74–75, 90
Sidimus, Joysanne, 133, 176, 185–88, 189–90, 193
Siegel, Marcia, 152
Simpson, Leanne, 190–91
The Sleeping Beauty (Tchaikovsky, Petipa), 92, 118–19, 121, 191
Somova, Alina, 143
Soubise, Charles de Rohan, prince de, 39, 41, 43
Le Spectre de la Rose (Fokine), 125
Stravinsky, Igor, 122–23, 124
Swan Lake (Tchaikovsky, Petipa, Ivanov), 92, 118, 132, 161, 162–63
La Sylphide, 48, 76–77, 118, 136
Taglioni, Filippo, 48
Taglioni, Marie: Emma Livry and, 75, 76–77, 79–81, 83; final years, 90–91; private life, 54–55; as Romantic ballerina, 48–49, 50, 117–18
Tallchief, Maria, 136–37
Taubert, Gottfried, 7
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr, 118
Tcherkassy, Marianna, 150
Temples of Terpsichore, 41–43, 44
Tennant, Veronica, 163, 191
Terpsichore charitable, ou Mademoiselle Guimard visitant les pauvres, 39
Thésée (Lully), 23
Trianon, Henri, 64
Le Tribut de Zamora, 67
Le Triomphe de l’Amour (Lully), 12
Tucker, David, 186–87
Turner, Bryan S., 2, 172–73
Vagonova, Agrippina, 199
La Valse infernale (Meyerbeer), 49
van Goethem, Antoinette, 62, 63, 67
van Goethem, Louise Joséphine (Charlotte), 62, 67, 69–70
van Goethem, Marie, 61–69, 70
van Hamel, Martine, 150–51
Vazem, Ekaterina, 92
Venetozza, Caroline-Dominique (Caroline Lassiat), 76
Véron, Louis, 54, 55, 57, 60, 72, 84
Vertpré, Mlle, 10
Vestris, Auguste, 37, 51
Victoria, Queen, 3
Vigée-LeBrun, Élisabeth-Louise, 38
Vince, Claire, 184–85
Vincent, Lawrence M., 139
Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi, 10, 21
Vizentini, Albert, 59
Volochkova, Anastasia, 158
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet de, 31, 32–33
Wainwright, Steven, 172–73
Wallis, Lynn, 169–70
Washington Ballet, 170
Waterloo Bridge, 3
Webster, Clara, 84–85, 218n32
West, Kanye, 196
Wick, Rebecca, 34
Wilde, Patricia, 132–33
Wilder, Valerie, 169–70
Wilson, Jacqueline, 200–201
Witkowsky, Gizella, 151–52
working conditions: of petits rats, 59–61; salaries and job security, 147–49, 153–55, 160–61. See also ageism; body image issues; injury prevention and athletic training; racism
work/life balance, 132–34, 191–94
Young, Susan, 136
Zara (Taglioni), 80
Zehr, Bridgett, 153–54
Zehr, Rachel, 154
Zorina, Vera, 135, 137
Zucchi, Virginia, 119
Copyright © 2012 by Deirdre Kelly
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher or a license from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For a copyright license, visit www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777.
Greystone Books
An imprint of D&M Publishers Inc.
2323 Quebec Street, Suite 201
Vancouver BC CanadaV5T 4S7
www.greystonebooks.com
Cataloguing data available from Library and Archives Canada
ISBN: 978-1-926812-66-3 (cloth)
ISBN: 978-1-926812-67-0 (ebook)
Editing by Nancy Flight
Copyediting by Anne Holloway
Cover design by Jessica Sullivan
Text design by Setareh Ashrafologhalai
Cover photograph by Iris Friedrich/fStop/Getty Images
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts, the British Columbia Arts Council, the Province of British Columbia through the Book Publishing Tax Credit, and the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities.
Greystone Books is committed to reducing the consumption of old-growth forests in the books it publishes. This book is one step towards that goal.
Also by Deirdre Kelly
Paris Times Eight