Epilogue: The Meanings of History
John-Paul Himka, “The History Behind the Regional Conflict in Ukraine,” Kritika 16, no. 1 (2015): 129–136; Volodymyr Kulyk, “Ukrainian Nationalism Since the Outbreak of EuroMaidan,” Ab Imperio, no. 3 (2014): 94–122; Edward Lucas, The New Cold War: Putin’s Russia and the Threat to the West (New York, 2014); Alexander J. Motyl, Imperial Ends: The Decay, Collapse, and Revival of Empires (New York, 2001); Richard Sakwa, Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands (London, 2014); Andrew Wilson, Ukraine Crisis: What It Means for the West (New Haven, CT, and London, 2014).
Index
absolute monarchy, 134, 189
Accommodation of the Ruthenian Nation of Greek Worship, 92
Age of Reason, 134, 136, 148
agriculture, 4, 17, 19, 74, 185, 209, 238, 246, 255, 291, 292, 299, 301, 307
prices for agricultural products, 302, 303
See also collectivization; famine; grain
Akhmetov, Rinat, 331, 342–343
Alaska, 176–177
Alexander I (Tsar), 148, 152, 154
Alexander II (Tsar), 167, 176, 190
Alexander III (Tsar), 178
Andrew (Saint), 20
Andropov, Yurii, 308
Andrusovo, Truce of, 115, 121, 122
anti-Semitism, 193, 197, 222, 223, 224, 237, 271, 296
Antonescu, Ion, 271
Apostol, Danylo, 129
Argentina, 237
assassinations, 135, 190, 196, 197, 203, 239, 296
Augustus the Strong of Poland, 124
Auschwitz, 269
Austria/Austria-Hungary, 140, 143, 144, 148, 161, 162, 163, 170, 173, 183, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, 209, 212, 213, 237, 242, 265, 283, 288, 327
autocracy, 153, 154, 159, 191
Avars, 17
Babel, Isaac, 221, 223
Babi Yar massacre, 269–270, 272
Balkans, 14, 16, 21, 29, 45, 55, 201
Baltic Sea/Baltic states, 69, 74, 106, 127, 145, 180, 262–263, 266, 316, 318
Bandera, Stepan, 239–240, 262, 266–267, 281, 283, 295, 296, 335
Batu Khan, 51, 52, 53, 55
Baturyn, 125
Beilis affair, 197
Beck, Józef, 256
Belarus, 19, 24, 48, 56, 63, 67, 89, 95, 103, 105, 106, 129, 143, 154, 221, 260, 261, 266, 285, 286, 311, 318, 322
Belgium, 180, 291
Beria, Lavrentii, 297
Bessarabia, 242, 262, 271
Bezborodko, Oleksandr, 133, 138, 140, 142, 145–146
Bible, 5, 70–71
Black Sea, 3, 4, 5, 7, 18, 26, 78, 81, 101, 133, 140, 176, 177
Bogoliubsky, Andrei, 44–46, 51
Bolesław (Prince), 57–58
Bolsheviks, 124, 188, 191, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 216, 218, 219–220, 222, 225, 226, 235, 348, 349
Jewish, 223
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 147, 148–149, 352
Books of the Genesis of the Ukrainian People, The (Kostomarov), 158, 169
Books of the Polish People and the Polish Pilgrimage (Mickiewicz), 158
Borotbists, 220
Boyars, 47, 48, 52, 57, 58, 60, 64, 67
Braichevsky, Mykhailo, 305
Brezhnev, Leonid, 181, 182, 293–294, 297, 303, 312
death of, 307, 308
Britain, 23, 149, 176, 180, 201, 211, 218, 260, 263, 326
Briullov, Karl, 157
Brody, Battle of, 284
Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 156, 158–160, 161, 168, 169
Budapest Memorandum, 326, 347, 354
Bukovyna, 143, 164, 166, 171, 172, 183, 202, 204, 212, 226, 242, 243, 263, 271, 316, 351
Bulgars/Bulgaria, 29, 32, 33, 36, 50
Burundai, 55
Bush, George H. W., xix, 317, 318
Byzantium/Byzantine Empire, 14, 15, 18, 24, 30, 33, 35, 38, 41, 47, 57, 64, 87, 231–232. See also Constantinople
Calvinism, 70, 86
Canada, 183, 203, 237, 291
capitalism, 247, 334
Carolingian Empire, 42
Carpathian Mountains, 45, 52, 73, 150, 183, 202, 279, 280
Carpathian Sich, 256, 257
Casimir III of Poland, 58
Casimir IV of Poland, 65
Catherine II of Russia, 134–135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 148
Central Rada, 205, 206–207, 207–208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 223
Charles X of Sweden, 110
Charles XII of Sweden, 119, 124, 125, 126–126
Chekhivsky, Volodymyr, 234
Chekhov, Anton, 178
Cherkasy, 75, 77
Chernenko, Konstantin, 308
Chernihiv, 80–81, 105, 112, 205
Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 309–312
Chilbudius, 14, 15
Chornovil, Viacheslav, 321, 327, 331
Christianity, xxii, 16, 18, 20, 21, 33–35, 36, 38, 47, 56, 57, 81, 85–86, 133, 351
conversion to, 99
See also Orthodox Church; Protestants; Roman Catholic Church; Ukraine: religious division in; Uniate Church
Chubar, Vlas, 250–251, 299
Churchill, Winston, 285
Church Slavonic language, 34–35, 36, 47, 59, 70, 90, 149, 242
Cimmerians, 5
Clement VIII (Pope), 87
coal, 173, 180, 185, 219, 263, 320, 330, 342
Cold War, xix, xx, 287, 292, 296, 302, 353
collectivization, 245, 249, 250–251, 252, 254, 265, 273, 288, 295, 302, 303
Commonwealth of Independent States, 322, 323–324, 326
communism/communists, 222, 230, 233, 234, 242, 243, 247, 279, 283, 300, 308, 317
Communist Party of Ukraine, 231, 232, 249, 251, 254, 297, 304, 312
Communist Party of Western Ukraine, 241, 262, 327
communists in Ukrainian parliament, 317, 318, 319–320, 330, 331
and Jews, 223, 270
See also Bolsheviks; nationalism: national communism
concentration camps, 268, 269, 274, 285
Confederation of Bar, 138–139
Conference of Ambassadors, 235–236
Congress of Vienna, 148, 152, 162
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, 26, 30
Constantinople, 18, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 35, 36, 37, 45, 50, 56, 74, 87, 94–95
consumer goods, 300, 301, 308
Cooper, Hugh Lincoln, 247–248
corruption, 308, 331, 332, 334, 337, 338, 343
Cossack Hetmanate, 57, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 111, 113, 115–118, 120, 121, 151, 207, 298, 352
end of, 133, 136, 147
liquidation/restoration of office of hetman, 128, 129, 135
as Little Russia, 119, 123, 126, 129, 130, 134, 136
and modern Ukraine, 151
Cossacks, xxiii, 73–84, 91, 124–125, 128, 150, 151, 158, 314, 315
alliance with Orthodox Church, 92
Cossack register, 78, 79, 83, 100, 102, 105, 110
as knights, 83
rebellions of, 78–79, 83, 84, 97–107, 109, 111, 112, 119, 120, 137, 138–139, 141
Zaporozhian Cossacks, 79, 80, 83, 97, 111, 112, 139, 141, 149, 180, 185, 203, 224, 247
See also Cossack Hetmanate
Crimea, xx, 5, 9, 18, 33, 49, 51, 54, 73, 101, 118, 146, 178, 210, 265, 319, 320, 321
annexation by Russia in 2014, 323, 340–341, 343, 347, 348, 349, 354
annexation to Russian Empire, 140, 348
Crimean Khanate, 76, 78, 98, 102, 103, 139, 140, 142
Crimean War, 176, 179–180, 348
governments in, 225
independence from Ukraine, 321
North Crimean Canal, 299
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outmigration from, 142, 225
slave market in, 75
transfer of jurisdiction to Ukraine, 298–299
See also Tatars
Cucuteni-Trypilian culture, 4
cultural issues, xxii, 13, 38, 59, 65, 90, 120, 137, 151, 158, 163, 165, 178, 196, 231, 288, 313
attacks on Ukrainian cultural figures, 294–295
cultural assimilation of minorities, 236
cultural frontiers of Ukraine, 133, 140
cultural nationalism, 192
and religious conflicts, 70, 95
Ukrainian sixties generation, 301, 312
Cyril (metropolitan), 56
Cyril of Thessalonica, 34
Czartoryski, Adam Andrzej (Prince), 154, 155
Czechoslovakia, 226, 229, 237, 243, 256, 278, 280, 288, 353
Dacia, 140
Dairy Union, 237
Daniel, Yulii, 303
Danube River, 4, 16, 29, 45
Danylo of Halych, 52–56, 57, 71, 72
Danzig, 143, 256
Darius the Great, 4
death squads, 269
de Beauplan, Guillaume Levasseur, 84
Dedko, Dmytro, 58
del Carpine, Giovanni, 51, 55
democracy, 6, 15–16, 19, 58, 80, 101, 147, 158, 238, 243, 288, 327, 344, 353
democracy by default, 328
Denikin, Anton (General), 218, 220, 222, 225
deportations, 262, 274, 285, 286–287, 295, 349
Derevlianians, 18, 20, 26–27, 28
Dio Chrysostom, 10
dissidents, 304, 313, 316, 326, 326, 353
Division Galizien, 283–284
Divovych, Semen, 136
Dnieper River, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 17, 18, 26, 45, 54, 71, 72, 109, 115, 116, 119, 130, 142, 143, 144, 299, 311
Dnieper electric power stations, 247–248, 292–293, 301
Dnieper rapids, 30, 75, 84, 141, 179, 247
Dnipropetrovsk, 182, 251, 253, 271, 278, 293, 298, 302, 305, 308, 330, 330, 341, 342
doctors, 137–138
Dolgoruky, Yurii, 45
Donbas region, xx, 175, 188, 224, 247, 253, 263, 342–343, 349, 351, 352, 354
Donetsk, 175, 180, 279, 314, 321, 330, 331, 341, 342, 343, 344
Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih republic, 348
Don River, 11, 25, 54
Dontsov, Dmytro, 239
Dormition Cathedral, 46, 51, 124
Doroshenko, Petro, 115–117, 120, 122
Dovzhenko, Oleksandr, 300–301
Drach, Ivan, 301, 309, 312
Drahomanov, Mykhailo, 169, 325
Dulebians, 17
Dziuba, Ivan, 304, 305
ecological issues, 301–302, 312
education, 36, 58, 58, 71, 94, 120, 136, 137–138, 154–155, 163, 185, 194, 196, 203, 205, 211, 233, 236, 241, 272, 295, 304
elections, xix, 189, 194, 196, 197, 205, 243, 261, 321, 327, 331, 338, 343
fraudulent, 333, 334, 335
See also referenda
electricity, 247, 293, 299, 309. See also Dnieper River: Dnieper electric power stations
Ems Ukase, 167, 169, 170
Eneida (Kotliarevsky), 149, 165
entrepreneurs, 182, 184
Estonia, 262–263, 318
ethnic cleansing, 281
Eurasian Customs Union, 338, 339, 340
European Union, xix, 326, 327, 328, 332, 335, 337, 338, 340, 354
European Parliament/Commission, 334
values associated with, 344–345
exports, 177, 330
False Dmitrii I and II, 80
famine, 79, 80, 239, 248, 250–251, 252–254, 255, 273, 293–294, 302, 311, 314, 335, 349. See also starvation
Feast of the Protection of the Mother of God, 24
February Revolution, 205, 217
Finland, 134, 266
folk songs/folklore, 81, 149, 150, 151, 165
France, 23, 38–39, 42, 139, 152, 176, 177, 178, 180, 201, 211–212, 218, 230, 235, 260
Paris, 148, 223, 262
Franz Ferdinand (Archduke), 201
Franz Joseph (Emperor), 203
frontiers, xxii, 3, 11, 12, 73, 75, 90, 95, 133, 140, 144, 145, 183
Galicia, 63, 85, 89, 91, 99, 161, 164, 165, 170, 172, 184, 195–197, 198, 202, 204, 213, 217–218, 219, 222, 235, 236, 261, 264, 272, 283, 288, 295, 300, 316, 321, 351
Austrian Galicia, xxii, 144, 151, 168, 183, 184, 226, 237
Galicia-Volhynia principality, 48, 50, 52, 53–54, 55, 57–58, 67, 143
Jews in, 237, 271
National Democratic Alliance in, 238
and Sokal border, 240
Western Galicia, 163, 266
Galician Misery (Szczepanowski), 184
Galician Star (newspaper), 164
Gapon, Father Grigorii, 187, 188
gas, 307–308, 329, 338
Gediminas (Grand Duke), 59
Geneva Convention of 1929, 267
Genghis Khan, 50–51, 73
genocide, 254
Germany, 42, 58, 149, 201, 209, 230, 237, 255, 292, 334, 352
Gizel, Inokentii, 121
Glagolitic alphabet, 34
glasnost, 313
Gogol, Nikolai, 151, 158, 179
Golden Horde, 55, 56, 59, 73
Gongadze, Heorhii, 331–332
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 183, 309, 310, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 322, 349
coups against, 318–319
Goths, 13, 14, 18, 31, 49
Göring, Hermann, 266
grain, 9, 69, 74, 177, 179, 210, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 263, 294, 299, 302
Great Northern War, 124, 127, 128
Great Patriotic War (Soviet-German War), 295, 342. See also Ukraine: occupation by Nazi Germany
Greece (ancient), 3–4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 26
Greek Catholic Church, 162, 163, 164–165, 172, 238, 240, 243–244, 262, 328
Greek Project, 140
Green Party, 312
Gulag, 300, 313, 319, 326
Habsburg Empire, xxiii, 143, 144, 145, 161, 162, 164, 170, 172, 351
Haji Devlet Giray (Crimean Khan), 73
Halych, 45, 52, 56
Hannover, Nathan, 99
hard currency, 307, 308
Helgi (Oleh) (Prince), 25–26, 29, 33
Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 313, 326
Henry I of France, 38–39
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 149
Herodotus, 3, 4, 7–8
Himmler, Heinrich, 266, 269, 271, 282
History of the Rus’, The, 150–151
History of Ukraine-Rus’ (Hrushevsky), 195
Hitler, Adolf, 256, 256, 259–260, 263, 266
headquarters in Ukraine, 274
Holocaust, 269, 271, 272, 274
Hrebinka, Yevhen, 157
Hrushevsky, Mykhailo, xx–xxi, xxiii, 195–196, 205, 206, 208, 216, 223, 314
Hughes, John James, 175, 179–180
human rights, 313, 326, 344, 348, 353. See also rights
Human Rights Council (Russia), 341
Hungary, 55, 63, 143, 162, 163, 170, 226, 256, 263, 280
Huns, 13, 14,, 31, 49, 264
Ibn Ya’qub, Ibrahim, 20
Ilarion (Metropolitan), 36, 37
Independent Ukraine (Mikhnovsky), 192
industrialization, 175, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 190, 250, 252, 254–255, 261, 274, 288, 291–292, 294, 301, 307, 330, 332
socialist industrialization, 246
inflation, 330
Ingvar, 27, 29
Innocent IV (Pope), 55, 56
Inte
rnationalism or Russification? (Dziuba), 304
International Workers’ Day, 310
iron ore, 173, 180, 185, 330
irredentism, 239, 257, 285
Islam, xxii, 74, 133, 142, 225. See also Muslims
Islam III Giray (Crimean Khan), 100
Israel, 271, 296, 326
Istanbul, 74, 75
Italy, 201, 235
Ivan the Terrible, 66, 80
Ivan III (Tsar), 65
Jadwiga (queen), 63
Jassy agreement, 142
Jews, 18, 33, 74, 76, 84, 139, 145, 155, 163, 168, 184, 190, 197, 212, 259, 261–262, 277, 286
Jewish Labor Bund, 191, 193
migrations of, 183–184, 237
and Righteous Among the Nations, 271
See also anti-Semitism; Holocaust; under Galicia; Soviet Union; Ukraine
Jogaila (grand duke/king), 63, 64
John II Casimir of Poland, 100
Jordanes, 14, 17
Joseph II (Emperor), 163
Józewski, Henryk, 240–241
Justinian the Great, 14–15, 18
Kaganovich, Lazar, 232, 233, 249, 251, 252, 294, 297
Kalinin, Mikhail, 248
Kapnist, Vasyl, 137
Kasatonov, Igor (Admiral), 325
Katerynoslav, 185, 190
Katyn Forest massacre, 261
Kazakhstan, 301, 309, 318
Kerner, Grigorii, 233
KGB, 296, 300, 303, 305, 319. See also NKVD
Kharkiv, 74, 137, 141, 150, 151, 154, 165, 182, 208, 233, 253, 271, 273, 278, 279, 341, 343
show trials in, 234
Khazars, 17–19, 25, 26, 29, 32, 33, 129
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