Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Guerrilla Warfare From Ancient Times to the Present

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Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Guerrilla Warfare From Ancient Times to the Present Page 89

by Max Boot


  FLN in, 373

  Lyautey in, 180–83, 200, 356, 379

  Morris, Benny, 325

  Mosby, John Singleton, 212

  Mosby’s Rangers, 212

  Moscow, 203, 241, 349–50, 528

  mosquitoes, 100, 382

  Mossad, 453, 455, 465, 507

  Most, Johann, 232

  Mosul, xxvii, 478, 538–39, 545

  Moto Khan, Hajji, 554

  Motorcycle Diaries (Guevara), 434

  Mountbatten, Lord, 258

  moutarik, 489

  Mozambique, 326, 367, 397

  Mubarak, Hosni, 521

  Muenchhausen, Friedrich von, 69

  Mughniyeh, Imad, 503–4, 507

  Muhammad, Prophet, 42, 505, 507

  mujahideen, xxvi, 484, 487–91, 493, 495–500, 504, 519, 566

  mulattos, 93, 95, 98, 100, 430

  Multi-National Security Transition Command–Iraq, 539–40

  Mumbai shootings (2008), 527

  Munich, 394, 453, 465, 466, 525

  Munro, Bill, 254

  Muong Thanh, 347–49

  Murad, Hadji, 160

  murids, the, 155–56, 160–62

  Musawi, Abbas, 503, 507–8

  Muslim Brotherhood, 461, 481, 488, 519, 525

  Muslims, Islam, 451, 461, 467, 471, 527

  in Afghanistan, 493, 499

  in Algeria, 367–72, 375, 376, 382

  Assassins, 154, 206–8

  Bosnian, 509

  in Caucasus, 158–62, 172

  in Chechnya and Dagestan, xxv, 154–63

  Christian alliance with, 274

  Christians vs., 105, 162, 207–8

  fundamentalist, 481, 482–83, 488, 499, 511, 520, 524

  imperial wars and, 130–31, 154–63, 172

  in Kashmir, 509

  in Malaya, 388

  Shiite, see Shiites

  spread of, 42

  Muslim Youth, 488

  Mussolini, Benito, 271, 288, 296, 309

  Nachaev, Sergei, 262

  Nagorno-Karabakh, 509

  Najaf, 478, 503, 508, 529, 530

  Najibullah, 499, 500, 519

  Nam Yum River, 347, 360

  Nancahuazú Region, 394, 445

  Nanchang, 319, 332

  Nanking, Rape of (1937), 343

  napalm, 356

  Naples, 113, 116–18, 310

  Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 57, 285, 352, 566

  defeat of, 89, 101, 119

  Haiti and, 97, 98

  Peninsular War and, xxii, xxv, 84–86, 89, 102, 130, 309

  Napoleonic Wars, 91, 97, 100

  see also Peninsular War

  Nasrallah, Hassan, 115, 505, 507–8, 510, 512

  Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 323, 462, 518

  Natal, 124, 186, 196, 197

  National Guard, Saudi, 521

  nationalism, 55, 115, 130, 199, 201, 323–24, 392, 509, 563

  Afghan, 487

  Arab, 283

  Asian, 307

  birthplace and, 109

  in Bolivia, 445

  of Ho Chi Minh, 350, 351

  in Ireland, 210, 477

  Nazi definition of, 308

  Palestinians and, 461, 473, 477

  terrorism and, 209–10, 259, 262, 459

  in Yugoslavia, 311

  Nationalist Party, Chinese (Kuomintang), 331–40, 343–46, 350, 353, 390

  AB (Anti-Bolshevik) League of, 334

  blockhouse strategy of, 334–35

  German advisers to, 334

  Sino-Japanese War and, 343–44

  U.S. aid to, 344

  nationalist separatism, 397

  national liberation, wars of, xxv, 318–19, 321–93, 475

  National Liberation Action, 447

  National Liberation Front, Algerian, see FLN

  National Liberation Front, Vietnamese, 416

  National Organization of Cypriot Fighters, see EOKA

  nation building, 537

  in Iraq, 538, 539

  in South Vietnam, 409–10

  nation-states, rise of, 51, 59, 110, 115, 393

  NATO, 176, 493

  Navarino, Battle of, 107

  Navarre, 86–87

  Navarre, Henri-Eugène, 357

  Navy, U.S., 108, 405

  Naxalites, 477

  Nazis, see Germany, Nazi

  Nechaev, Sergei, 228–29, 231

  Nehru, Jawaharlal, 324

  Nepal, 477

  Netanyahu, Benjamin, 453, 455

  Netanyahu, Jonathan, 454–55

  Netherlands, the Dutch, 46, 107, 318, 536

  Boer War and, 193

  in Indonesia, 323, 326

  in War of Austrian Succession, 60–61

  in World War II, 288, 307

  Neumann, Sigmund, 273

  New Delhi, 267, 301–2

  New England:

  French-Indian Wars in (1689–1763), 124, 137

  King Philip’s War (1675–76) in, 124, 138, 139

  New Guinea, 10, 11, 12

  New Hampshire, 137

  New Jersey, American Revolution in, 56, 68–71

  New Left terrorists, 456–58

  Newport, R.I., 70, 79

  newspapers, see press

  New Villages, 382, 386, 417

  New York (state), 214

  New York City, 70, 79

  terrorism in, 230, 231, 484, 500, 523, 525, 528

  New Yorker, The, 321

  New York Herald, 436

  New York Times, 232, 436–37, 515, 540

  New Zealand, 171

  Ngo Dinh Diem, 352, 363, 407–13, 416, 417, 421, 456

  Ngo Dinh Nhu, 412, 416, 417

  Nguyen Tat Thanh, see Ho Chi Minh

  Nicaragua, Sandinistas in, 397, 448

  Nice, 57, 109, 115, 116

  Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia, 161

  Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 206, 242, 243, 245, 260

  Nigeria, 183, 397

  Nihilists, Russian, xxv, 210, 228–29, 235–40, 252, 262, 430, 456, 460

  Nineveh, 201

  Niven, David, 291, 378

  Nixon, Richard M., 423, 424

  Nizari Ismailis, 206–8

  Nkrumah, Kwame, 325

  No. 1 Air Commando, 301

  Noé plantation, 92

  nomad paradox, 41–43

  nomads, 14–20, 26–30, 34–43, 52–53, 338

  Bedouin as, 278

  military advantages of, 41–42

  tsarist Russian expansion and, 157

  Xiongnu, 34–39, 41

  nonviolence, 264, 324

  Normans, 40

  North, Lord, 76–77, 560

  North Africa, 25, 29, 45, 147, 168, 547

  in World War II, 266, 289, 296–98

  North Carolina, 74

  Northern Alliance, 479, 500, 522, 526

  Northern Expedition, 332, 345

  Northern Ireland, 196, 256, 257, 362, 392, 544–45, 562

  see also Irish Republican Army

  North Korea, 36, 319, 346, 399, 477

  North Ossetia, 528

  North Vietnam, 319, 363, 395, 409, 414–20, 422–25, 533

  Northwest Frontier, xxv, 125, 147, 172–76, 191

  Northwest Passage (film), 290

  Norway, 307, 465

  Novaya Uda, 244

  Nyasaland, 392

  Nyere, Julius, 325

  OAS, see Secret Army Organization

  Obama, Barack, 546, 547, 549

  Oceania, 178

  O’Connell, Patrick, 248

  Odessa, 236

  Odierno, Ray, 542

  Oerlikon, 497

  Office of Special Services (OSS), 290, 291, 306, 309, 311–12, 350, 401, 409

  oil, 409, 461, 466, 486–87, 539

  Okada, Keisuke, 272

  Okhrana (tsarist secret police), 236, 237–38, 240, 242–45, 262

  Oklahoma, 149

  as Indian Territory, 124, 140, 141

  Oklahoma City bombing, 230

  Oliver Twist (Dick
ens), 165

  Olmert, Ehud, 510

  Olympics (1972), 453, 465, 525

  Oman, 318, 390–91, 392, 397

  Omdurman, Battle of (1898), 130, 182

  101st Airborne Division, U.S., 538–39

  111th Brigade, 304

  On Guerrilla Warfare (Mao), 340–41

  On Protracted War (Mao), 340–43

  On War (Clausewitz), 90–91

  OPEC, 466

  Opechancanough, 133, 136

  Operation Brotherhood, 410

  Operation Castor, 357

  Operation Defensive Shield, 471–73

  Operation Iraqi Freedom, 538–39

  Operation Lea, 351

  Operation Longcloth, 299–301

  Operation Magistral, 498

  Operation Mongoose, 414

  Operation Rolling Thunder, 417

  Operation Springtime of Youth, 465

  Operation Thunderball, 454–55

  Operation Thursday, 301–5

  Operation Wrath of God, 465, 466

  opium, 165–66, 347, 357

  Orange Free State, 124, 186–89, 197

  Orange River, 189

  Oriente Province, 394, 427–29, 436

  Ortodoxos, 431

  Orwell, George, 234, 324

  Osachi, Hamagushi, 272

  Osage, 141

  Osawatomie, Kans., 214

  Oslo peace process, 469

  OSS, see Office of Special Services

  Oswald, Lee Harvey, 206

  Ottoman Central Bank, 261

  Ottomans, xxv, 51, 53, 61, 266, 287, 310

  Arabs vs., 274–83, 286, 312, 566

  army of, 42

  Caucasus and, 160, 161

  Greek independence and, 102–7, 170–71, 469

  terrorists vs., 260, 261

  outside assistance, xxvi, 77–78, 343, 416, 477, 514, 566

  Oxford, 276, 278, 291

  Oxyartes, 6

  Pac Bo, 350, 429

  Paine, Thomas, 76

  Pakenham, Thomas, 187

  Pakistan, 50, 53, 479, 514, 548

  Afghans and, 487, 488, 492, 496, 499

  Al Qaeda in, 479, 521, 526, 527

  army of, 484

  bin Laden in, 333, 496, 519, 526, 547

  Inter-Services Intelligence of, 496

  Islamists in, 496

  Kashmir and, 509

  madrassas in, 499

  “tribal areas” in, 172

  U.S. embassy attacked in, 483–84

  war on terror in, 176

  Pakistani Taliban (Tehrik-i-Taliban), 479, 546, 547–48

  Palermo, 117, 439

  Palestine, 14, 50

  Arab rebellion in (1936–39), 266, 294–96, 318, 461

  British, 282, 283, 294–96, 323, 324, 325, 379, 461

  as Jewish homeland, 283

  Jewish terrorism in, 325, 391

  origin of name, 7

  Wingate in, 292, 294–96, 298, 299

  Palestine Liberation Army, 467

  Palestine Liberation Organization, see PLO

  Palestine Students’ Union, 461

  Palestinian Authority, 469, 471, 513

  Palestinian Islamic Jihad, 470, 471

  Palestinians, 458–74, 504

  First Intifada of, 468–69, 471, 472, 474

  Hezbollah compared with, 511

  as refugees, 461, 463, 467, 501

  Second Intifada of, 294, 470–74, 510

  statehood for, 461, 473

  see also PLO; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

  Palmer, A. Mitchell, 232

  Palmer Raids, 232

  Pamplona, 87

  Pan Am, 452

  pandours, 61, 63

  Panjshir Valley, 479, 487–91, 500

  Pape, Robert, 531

  Papen, Franz von, 285

  Papua New Guinea, 10

  Paris, 57, 120, 263, 373, 375, 450, 453, 470

  anarchism in, 226–28, 231, 232

  Paris Commune, 227–28, 244, 310

  Paris Peace Accords (1972), 424

  Paris Peace Conference (1919), 249, 282

  Parker, John, 65

  Parkman, Francis, 137

  Parliament, British, 76, 77, 192, 196, 209, 248, 363, 385

  parliament, Irish (Dáil Eireann), 248–49

  “Parthian shot,” 43

  partisans, xxiii, 72, 86, 88

  guerrillas vs., 120

  Soviet, 290, 308–9

  in Yugoslavia, xxiii, 266, 311–12, 343

  “partizans,” 60

  Pashtuns, xxv, 53, 125, 127, 200, 499

  Afghan “tribute” to, 166

  British wars with (1849–1945), xxv, 125, 172–76, 186, 192

  Ghilzai tribal confederation, 166–67

  passports, 194, 321

  Paterson, Ivy, 293–94

  Paterson, Lorna, see Wingate, Lorna Paterson

  Patriot, The (movie), 71

  Pauwels, Philibert, 231

  Pax Romana, 25

  “peaceful penetration” doctrine, 179

  “peacekeeping” missions, xxvii

  Peace to End All Peace, A (Fromkin), 283

  Peake, Frederick W., 274–75

  peasants:

  in Bolivia, 444, 446

  Chinese, 328–29, 332, 333, 336, 340

  Cuban, 428, 429, 436

  Vietnamese, 354, 358

  Peelers, 248

  Peking, 319, 331, 339, 346

  Peking University, 331

  Peloponnese, 105

  Peloponnesian War, xxxii, 4–5

  Peninsular War, 57, 80–91, 99, 102, 107, 120, 123, 130, 205, 290, 309, 561

  regular and irregular forces working together in, 89, 566

  Pentagon, 500, 523

  “Pentagon East,” 421–22

  Pentagon Papers, 421

  People’s Army, 350

  People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan, 485–86, 488

  People’s Liberation Army, Chinese, 332, 344

  see also Red Army, Chinese

  People’s Liberation Army, Congolese, 443–44

  People’s Will (Narodnaya Volya), 203, 235–40, 260

  Percy, Lord Hugh, 66, 67

  Peres, Shimon, 453

  Pérez, Faustino, 427, 428

  Perovskaya, Sophia, 238, 240

  Persia, 157

  Assassins in, 154, 206–7

  Persia, shah of, 230

  Persian Empire, xxxii, xxxiii, 6, 16–18, 29, 106, 151

  Persian Gulf, 276, 469, 478, 486–87

  personalism, 416

  personality, cult of, 115, 333

  Peru, 394, 452

  Shining Path in, 507, 511

  Peshawar, 173, 479, 496, 520

  Péta, 104

  Pétain, Philippe, 182

  petite guerre, 60, 68

  petite guerre, La (monograph), 63

  PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), 502

  Petraeus, David H., xviii, xxi, xxix, 161, 287, 534–46

  accidents and health problems of, 535

  in Afghanistan, 546

  background and career path of, 536–38

  COIN manual and, 540–41, 542

  Operation Iraqi Freedom and, 538–39

  “population-centric” counterinsurgency and, 538–45, 562

  Pew Global Attitudes Project, 547

  PFLP, see Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

  Phalangists, 467, 501

  Philadelphia, Pa., 70

  philhellenes, 103–6, 123

  Philiki Etairia (Society of Friends), 103

  Philippeville, 318, 367

  Philippine army, 403–4, 405

  Philippine Insurrection, 198–99, 343, 381, 399, 440, 565

  Philippine navy, 405

  Philippines, xviii, xxix, 12, 307, 390, 408, 449, 544, 548, 564

  civic action program in, 405

  Huk Rebellion in, xxv, 395, 397, 400–406, 419–20

  imperial wars in (1899–1902), 125, 131, 377


  in World War II, 291

  Philistines, 9

  Phoenix Program, 419

  Piccadilly, 302

  Pickens, Andrew, 72

  Piedmont-Sardinia, 109, 112–13, 115–16

  pieds noir (black feet; European settler population), 367–70, 374, 375

  Pillsbury, Michael, 497–98

  PKK, 397, 459

  plantations, 380, 434

  in Haiti, 92, 93, 95, 97

  Plautius, Gaius, 22

  PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), xxvi, 374, 395, 453, 459–74, 477, 531, 548, 559, 564

  Black September and, 464–66

  creation of, 462

  funds of, 463, 469

  Hezbollah compared with, 503

  Jordan’s expulsion of, 464

  Lebanon evacuation of, 467–68, 501, 503

  peace process and, 469, 470

  turning point for, 466

  Plutarch, 5–6

  Plymouth Brethren, 292–93

  Pocahontas, 133

  Pointe du Hoc, 290

  Poland, Poles, 64, 102, 119, 157, 266, 496

  resistance fighters in, 309

  World War II and, 271, 307, 309, 310

  police, 448

  anarchists and, 232–33, 258

  in China, 329

  Iranian, 481, 484

  Irish struggles and, 248, 251, 252, 254–55, 258

  Okhrana, 236, 237–38, 240, 242–45, 262

  Pakistani, 484

  secret, 259

  U.S., 457

  West German, 458

  Polish Home Army, 310

  Polish Socialist Party, 243

  Politburo, Chinese, 332, 335

  Politburo, Soviet, 485–86, 498

  political organizing, xxvi, 271, 331, 332, 341, 431

  political prisoners, 216–17

  political reform, 264

  political rights, suppression of, 264

  politics, 200, 209, 241

  Pollack, George, 169

  Polybius, 21

  Popski’s Private Army, 266, 289

  Popular Forces militia, 419

  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 395, 397, 450–52, 458, 464, 465, 476, 477, 566

  “population-centric” counterinsurgency, xxvi–xxvii, 70–71, 363, 384, 399, 449, 562–63

  coinage of term, 127

  Lyautey and, 71, 127, 177–83, 399, 403

  Petraeus and, 538–45, 562

  in Philippines, 403

  Porch, Douglas, 178, 180

  Portugal, 84–87, 89, 326

  Post, Jerrold, 264

  post–World War II world, 321–27

  Pottawatomie killings, 211–12, 214, 215

  Powell, Colin, 538

  Powhatan, 133, 138

  Powhatan Indians, 132–36, 147

  Powhatan War (1622–44), 124, 132–35

  Praetorians, The (Lartéguy), 376

  Prague, 307

  Predator drones, 527

  press, 112, 115, 201, 209, 231, 376–77, 392, 451, 531

  American Revolution and, 76–77

  anarchist, 232

  Arafat’s use of, 462, 463–64

  press freedom, 259

  Pretoria, 187, 189

  primitive warfare, 10–12

  Princeton, Washington’s attack on, 69

  Princeton University, 537, 540

 

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