Natural Acts

by David Quammen

  Heuvelmans, Bernard. 1965. On the Track of Unknown Animals. Translated and abridged by Richard Garnett. New York: Hill and Wang.

  Minton, Sherman A., Jr., and Madge Rutherford Minton. 1973. Giant Reptiles. New York: Scribner’s.

  Pope, Clifford H. 1962. The Giant Snakes. London: Routledge and Keegan Paul.

  Wool of Bat

  Allen, Glover Morrill. 1962. Bats. New York: Dover.

  Barbour, Roger W., and Wayne H. Davis. 1969. Bats of America. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

  Bat Research News (originally Bat Banding News), vols. 1–16, 1960–75. Compiled by Wayne H. Davis (Department of Zoology, University of Kentucky, Lexington) from founding to April 1970 and by Robert L. Martin (Department of Biology, University of Maine, Farmington) thereafter.

  Feist, Joe Michael. 1982. “Bats Away!” American Heritage, April–May.

  Peterson, Russell. 1964. Silently, by Night. New York: McGraw-Hill.

  Wimsatt, William A., ed. 1970. Biology of Bats, vols. 1–2. New York: Academic.

  Yalden, D. W., and P. A. Morris. 1975. The Lives of Bats. New York: Quadrangle.

  The Excavation of Jack Horner

  Bakker, Robert T. 1972. “Anatomical and Ecological Evidence of Endothermy in Dinosaurs.” Nature, vol. 238, July 14.

  ———. 1975. “Dinosaur Renaissance.” Scientific American, April.

  Desmond, Adrian J. 1975. The Hot-Blooded Dinosaurs. New York: Dial.

  Horner, John R. 1982. “Evidence of Colonial Nesting and ‘Site Fidelity’ Among Ornithischian Dinosaurs.” Nature, vol. 297, June 24.

  ———. 1984. “The Nesting Behavior of Dinosaurs.” Scientific American, April.

  Horner, John R., and Robert Makela. 1979. “Nest of Juveniles Provides Evidence of Family Structure Among Dinosaurs.” Nature, vol. 282, November 15.

  Ostrom, John H. 1969. “Terrestrial Vertebrates as Indicators of Mesozoic Climates.” In Proceedings of the North American Paleontological Convention.

  The Lives of Eugène Marais

  Ardrey, Robert. 1967. African Genesis: A Personal Investigation into the Animal Origins and Nature of Man. New York: Atheneum.

  Marais, Eugène. 1973. The Soul of the Ape. With an introduction by Robert Ardrey. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

  ———. 1973. The Soul of the White Ant. With a biographical note by his son. Translated by Winifred de Kok. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

  The Man with the Metal Nose

  Dreyer, J.L.E. 1890. Tycho Brahe. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black.

  Koestler, Arthur. 1963. The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man’s Changing Vision of the Universe. New York: Grosset and Dunlap.

  Murdin, Paul, and Leslie Murdin. 1978. The New Astronomy. New York: Crowell.

  Ronan, Colin A. 1981. The Practical Astronomer. London: Roxby.

  Animal Rights and Beyond

  Lopez, Barry. 1983. “Renegotiating the Contracts.” Parabola, spring.

  Morris, Richard Knowles, and Michael W. Fox, eds. 1978. On the Fifth Day: Animal Rights and Human Ethics. Washington, D.C.: Acropolis.

  Regan, Tom. 1982. All That Dwells Therein: Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  ———. 1983. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  Regan, Tom, and Peter Singer, eds. 1976. Animal Rights and Human Obligations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

  Singer, Peter. 1975. Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals. New York: New York Review Books.

  The Tree People

  Beasley, R. S., and J. O. Klemmedson. 1973. “Recognizing Site Adversity and Drought-Sensitive Trees in Stands of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva).” Economic Botany, vol. 27, January-March.

  Currey, Donald R. 1965. “An Ancient Bristlecone Pine Stand in Eastern Nevada.” Ecology, vol. 46, early summer.

  Ferguson, C. W. 1968. “Bristlecone Pine: Science and Aesthetics.” Science, vol. 159, February 23.

  Fowles, John. 1979. The Tree. Photographs by Frank Horvat. Boston: Little, Brown.

  LaMarche, Valmore C., Jr. 1969. “Environment in Relation to Age of Bristlecone Pines.” Ecology, vol. 50, winter 1969.

  Rogers, Julia Ellen. 1922. The Tree Book. New York: Doubleday, Page.

  Love’s Martyrs

  Childerhose, R. J., and Marj Trim. 1979. Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Trout. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

  Gadgil, Mahdav, and William H. Bossert. 1970. “Life Historical Consequences of Natural Selection.” American Naturalist, vol. 104, January-February.

  Gentry, Howard Scott. 1982. Agaves of Continent North America. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  Janzen, Daniel H. 1976. “Why Bamboos Wait So Long to Flower.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol. 7.

  Netboy, Anthony. 1974. The Salmon: Their Fight for Survival. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

  Schaffer, William M. 1974. “Selection for Optimal Life Histories: The Effects of Age Structure.” Ecology, vol. 55, early spring.

  Schaffer, William M., and Michael L. Rosenzweig. 1977. “Selection for Optimal Life Histories. II: Multiple Equilibria and the Evolution of Alternative Reproductive Strategies.” Ecology, vol. 58, winter.

  Schaffer, William M., and M. Valentine Schaffer. 1979. “The Adaptive Significance of Variations in Reproductive Habit in the Agavaceae. II: Pollinator Foraging Behavior and Selection for Increased Reproductive Expenditure.” Ecology, vol. 60, October.

  A Deathly Chill

  I benefited from—in addition to the Ted Lathrop pamphlet and the Associated Press story—the help of Mark Smith, a reporter for the Tri-County Tribune of Deer Park, Washington, not far from Chattaroy. Mr. Smith shared with me his coverage of the Ram Patrol misfortune.

  Is Sex Necessary?

  Beatty, R. A. 1957. Parthenogenesis and Polyploidy in Mammalian Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Birky, C. William, Jr., and John J. Gilbert. 1971. “Parthenogenesis in Rotifers: The Control of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction.” American Zoologist, vol. 11.

  Blackmun, Roger. 1974. Aphids. London: Ginn.

  Ghiselin, Michael T. 1974. The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  Lowe, A. D., ed. 1973. Perspectives in Aphid Biology. Auckland: The Entomological Society of New Zealand.

  Suomalainen, Esko. 1961. “Significance of Parthenogenesis in the Evolution of Insects.” Annual Review of Entomology, vol. 7.

  White, M.J.D. 1954. Animal Cytology and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Desert Sanitaire

  Abbey, Edward. 1977. The Journey Home: Some Words in Defense of the American West. New York: Dutton.

  George, Uwe. 1977. In the Deserts of This Earth. Translated by Richard and Clara Winston. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

  Jaeger, Edmund C. 1957. The North American Deserts. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.

  Krutch, Joseph Wood. 1980. The Voice of the Desert: A Naturalist’s Interpretation. New York: Morrow.

  Petrov, M. P. 1966. The Deserts of Central Asia. Washington, D.C.: Joint Publications Research Service.

  Pickwell, Gayle. 1939. Deserts. New York: McGraw-Hill.

  Jeremy Bentham, the Pietà, and a Precious Few Grayling

  Holton, George D. 1971. “Montana Grayling: The Lady of the Streams.” Montana Outdoors, September-October. For facts and numbers concerning the hatchery and planting program in Montana, I am also indebted to George Holton (personal communication), to a fact sheet prepared by Bill Gould, and to a typescript report on Montana grayling habitat done by Earl E. Willard and Margaret Herman for the U.S. Forest Service.

  Kruse, Thomas E. 1958. “Grayling of Grebe Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.” Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 59.

  Nelson, Perry H. 1954. “Life History and Management of the American Grayling (Thymallus signifier tricolor) in Montana.” Journal
of Wildlife Management, vol. 18, July.

  Yin and Yang in the Tularosa Basin

  Allmendinger, Roger J. n.d. “Hydrologic Control over the Origin of Gypsum at Lake Lucero, White Sands National Monument, New Mexico.” Unpublished master’s thesis in the library at the headquarters of White Sands National Monument.

  Emerson, Fred W. 1935. “An Ecological Reconaissance in the White Sands, New Mexico.” Ecology, vol. 16, April.

  Goodchild, Peter. 1981. J. Robert Oppenheimer: Shatterer of Worlds. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

  Groueff, Stéphane. 1967. Manhattan Project: The Untold Story of the Making of the Atomic Bomb. Boston: Little, Brown.

  Groves, Leslie R. 1975. Now It Can Be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project. New York: Da Capo.

  Harrington, M. W. 1885. “Lost Rivers.” Science, vol. 6, September 25.

  Reid, William H., project director. 1980. Final Report: White Sands National Monument Natural Resources and Ecosystem Analysis. El Paso: Research Report Number 12, Laboratory for Environmental Biology, University of Texas at El Paso.

  Schaafsma, Polly. 1975. Rock Art in New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

  Smith, Alice Kimball, and Charles Weiner, eds. 1980. Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

  Sutherland, Kay. n.d. “Petroglyphs at Three Rivers, New Mexico: A Partial Survey.” The Artifact (published by the El Paso Archeological Society), vol. 16.

  Planet of Weeds

  Aldous, Peter. 1993. “Tropical Deforestation: Not Just a Problem in Amazonia.” Science, vol. 259, March 5

  Alverson, William S., Donald M. Waller, and Stephen L. Solheim. 1988. “Forests Too Deer: Edge Effects in Northern Wisconsin.” Conservation Biology, vol. 2, no. 4.

  Anonymous (signed C. H.). 1974. “Scientists Talk of the Need for Conservation and an Ethic of Biotic Diversity to Slow Species Extinction.” Science, vol. 184, May 10.

  Anonymous. 1990. The Economist Book of Vital World Statistics: A Complete Guide to the World in Figures. London: Hutchinson.

  Athanasiou, Tom. 1996. Divided Planet: The Ecology of Rich and Poor. Boston: Little, Brown.

  Babbitt, Bruce. 1998. “Kudzu, Kudzu, Kill! Kill! Kill!” Excerpt from a speech to the Science in Wildland Weed Management Symposium, April 8. Reprinted (not his choice of title, presumably) in Harper’s, July.

  Barber, Benjamin R. 1996. Jihad vs. MacWorld. New York: Ballantine.

  Baskin, Yvonne. 1996. “Curbing Undesirable Invaders.” BioScience, vol. 46, no. 10.

  ———. 1997. The Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us. Washington, D.C.: Island.

  Botkin, Daniel B. 1990. Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-first Century. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Calvin, William H. 1998. “The Great Climate Flip-flop.” Atlantic Monthly, January.

  Challoner, W. G., and A. Hallam, eds. 1989. Evolution and Extinction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Cohen, Joel E. 1995. How Many People Can the Earth Support? New York: W. W. Norton.

  ———. 1995. “Population Growth and Earth’s Human Carrying Capacity.” Science, vol. 269, July 21.

  Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 1981. Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings. Translated by Eisei Ishikawa and David L. Swain. New York: Basic.

  Daily, Gretchen, ed. 1997. Nature’s Secrets: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, D.C.: Island.

  Dobson, Andrew P. 1996. Conservation and Biodiversity. New York: Scientific American Library.

  Donovan, Stephen K., ed. 1989. Mass Extinctions: Processes and Evidence. New York: Columbia University Press.

  Durning, Alan Thein. 1994. “The Conundrum of Consumption.” In Mazur (1994) and adapted from Durning (1992), How Much Is Enough? The Consumer Society and the Fate of the Earth, New York: W. W. Norton.

  Easterbrook, Gregg. 1995. A Moment on the Earth: The Coming Age of Environmental Optimism. New York: Viking.

  Ehrenfeld, David W. 1970. Biological Conservation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

  Ehrlich, Paul, and Anne Ehrlich. 1981. Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species. New York: Random House.

  Ehrlich, Paul R. 1986. “Extinction: What Is Happening Now and What Needs to be Done.” In Elliott (1986).

  Eldredge, Niles. 1998. Life in the Balance: Humanity and the Biodiversity Crisis. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

  Elliott, David K., ed. 1986. Dynamics of Extinction. New York: Wiley.

  Elton, Charles. (1958) 1977. The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. London: Chapman and Hall.

  Engelman, Robert, and Richard P. Cincotta. 1997. “Nature Displaced: Human Population Trends, Projections, and Their Meanings.” Draft of a paper presented to Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World, a conference held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., October.

  Erwin, Douglas H. 1994. “The Permo-Triassic Extinction.” Nature, vol. 367, January 20,.

  Feduccia, Alan. 1996. The Origin and Evolution of Birds. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

  Flack, Stephanie, and Elaine Furlow. 1996. “America’s Least Wanted.” Nature Conservancy, November-December.

  Fukuyama, Francis. 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Avon.

  Goldschmidt, Tijs. 1996. Darwin’s Dreampond: Drama in Lake Victoria. Translated by Sherry Marx-Macdonald. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

  Goodman, Steven M., and Bruce D. Patterson, eds. 1997. Natural Change and Human Impact on Madagascar. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

  Greider, William. 1998. One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism. New York: Touchstone.

  Harrison, Paul. 1992. The Third Revolution: Environment, Population and a Sustainable World. London: I. B. Tauris.

  Heaney, Lawrence R., and Jacinto C. Regalado, Jr. 1998. Vanishing Treasures of the Philippine Rain Forest. Chicago: Field Museum.

  Herman, Arthur. 1997. The Idea of Decline in Western History. New York: Free Press.

  Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. 1993. Environmental Scarcity and Global Security. Headline Series #300. New York: Foreign Policy Association.

  Horgan, John. 1997. The End of Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age. New York: Broadway Books.

  Jablonski, David. 1986. “Background and Mass Extinctions: The Alternation of Macroevolutionary Regimes.” Science, vol. 231, January 10.

  ———. 1986. “Causes and Consequences of Mass Extinctions: A Comparative Approach.” In Elliott (1986).

  ———. 1986. “Mass Extinctions: New Answers, New Questions.” In Kaufman and Mallory (1986).

  ———. 1989. “The Biology of Mass Extinction: A Paleontological View.” In Challoner and Hallam (1989).

  ———. 1991. “Extinctions: A Paleontological Perspective.” Science, vol. 253, August 16.

  ———. 1996. “Mass Exntinctions: Persistent Problems and New Directions.” In Ryder, G., D. Fastovsky, and S. Gartner, eds. The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History. Special Paper 307. Boulder, Colo.: Geological Society of America.

  Jablonski, David, Douglas H. Ervin, and Jere H. Lipps, eds. 1996. Evolutionary Paleobiology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Jablonski, David, and David M. Raup. 1995. “Selectivity of End-Cretaceous Marine Bivalve Extinctions.” Science, vol. 268, April 21.

  Kaplan, Robert D. 1994. “The Coming Anarchy.” Atlantic Monthly, February.

  Kaufman, Les, and Kenneth Mallory, eds. 1986. The Last Extinction. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

  Keck, Andrew, Narendra P. Sharma, and Gershon Feder. 1994. “Population Growth, Shifting Cultivation, and Unsustainable Agricultural Development: A Case Study in Madagascar.” World Bank Discussion Papers No. 234. Washington, D.
C.: World Bank.

  Kramer, Randall, Carel van Schaik, and Julie Johnson. 1997. Last Stand: Protected Areas and the Defense of Tropical Biodiversity. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Lapham, Lewis H., ed. 1997. History: The End of the World. New York: History Book Club.

  Lawton, John H., and Robert M. May, eds. 1995. Extinction Rates. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Leakey, Richard, and Roger Lewin. 1995. The Sixth Extinction: Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind. New York: Doubleday.

  Leslie, John. 1996. The End of the World: The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction. London: Routledge.

  Lovejoy, Thomas E. 1980. “A Projection of Species Extinctions.” In The Global 2000 Report to the President. Washington, D.C.: Council on Environmental Quality.

  ———. 1997. “National Security, National Interest and Sustainability.” Draft of a paper presented to the Nature and Human Society symposium, Washington, D.C., October.

  Mann, Charles C. 1991. “Extinction: Are Ecologists Crying Wolf?” Science, vol. 253, August 16,.

  Martin, Paul S., and Richard G. Klein. 1984. Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  Mazur, Laurie Ann, ed. 1994. Beyond the Numbers: A Reader on Population, Consumption, and the Environment. Washington, D.C.: Island.

  McDonald, Kim A. 1997. “Scientists Refine Estimates of Number of Species and Their Rate of Extinction.” Chronicle of Higher Education, November 14.

  McKibben, Bill. 1989. The End of Nature. New York: Random House.

  ———. 1998. “A Special Moment in History.” Atlantic Monthly, May.

  McKnight, Bill N. 1993. Biological Pollution: The Control and Impact of Invasive Exotic Species. Indianapolis: Indiana Academy of Science.

  McNeill, William H. 1992. The Global Condition: Conquerors, Catastrophes, and Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

  Myers, Norman. 1976. “An Expanded Approach to the Problem of Disappearing Species.” Science, vol. 193, July 16.

  ———. 1979. The Sinking Ark: A New Look at the Problem of Disappearing Species. New York: Pergamon.