Queen Victoria
Page 17
Daily News, The, 123
Daily Telegraph, 128, 146
Darton, John: Famous Girls Who Have Become Illustrious Women, 102
Davidson, Randall, Bishop of Winchester (later Archbishop of Canterbury), 133
Davys, Revd George, 23–4
Derby, Edward George Stanley, 14th Earl of, 114, 117
Derby, Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of (earlier Lord Stanley), 110
Dickens, Charles: Oliver Twist, 70
Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth, 123, 127
Disraeli, Benjamin (Earl of Beaconsfield): on Albert’s role, 97; relations with and influence on QV, 117, 119–21, 131–2, 135; on Gladstone, 121; and award of title Empress of India to QV, 128–9; election defeat (1880), 136; Sybil, 58
Doré, Gustave, 57
Downey, W. & D. (photographers), 129
Drury Lane Theatre, 53
‘dual monarchy’, 61–3, 72, 96
Edward VII, King (earlier Prince of Wales; ‘Bertie’): on monarchy as masquerade, 28; QV denies responsibility and excludes, 32, 136; birth, 58; childhood, 62; upbringing, 67, 84; blamed for father’s illness and death, 83–4; affair with Nellie Clifden, 84; marriage, 92–3; urges QV to make public appearances, 120; and Mordaunt divorce case, 122; popularity, 122; typhoid fever and recovery, 124–7, 142; reintroduces QV to theatre, 151
Edward, Duke of Kent see Kent, Edward, Duke of
Eliot, George: Adam Bede, 63
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 142
Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg (daughter of George III and QV’s aunt), 11
Ely, Jane, Lady, 151
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Albert’s father), 46
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Albert’s brother), 50, 68, 71
Ernest, Duke of Cumberland, King of Hanover, 7, 10, 21
Eugenie, Empress of Napoleon III, 73, 124
Feodora, Princess of Saxe-Meiningen, 131
Feodore, Princess of Leiningen, 10, 16, 23–4, 107
Ferdinand, King of Portugal, 83
Fildes, Luke, 58
Fowler, William, 45, 54
Frederick William, Prince of Prussia (later German Emperor; ‘Fritz’): marriage, 75–7; and Albert’s death, 85; in QV’s family portrait, 134; death from throat cancer, 152
Frith, William Powell, 93
Frogmore Gardens, 98
Frogmore Lodge, Windsor, 80
Gainsborough, Thomas, 5
Gazette de Lausanne, 112
George III: family, 5; death, 16; supports Tories, 36; mental disorder, 78
George IV (earlier Prince Regent), 5–6, 11–12, 20, 22, 63
George, Duke of Cumberland (later George V of Hanover), 22
George, Prince of Denmark, 50
George William, Duke of Cambridge, 22, 125
Gibbon, B.P., 45
Gladstone, William Ewart: QV dislikes, 43, 121, 137–8; relations with QV, 120–1; and QV’s illness, 123; opposes republicanism, 124; plans thanksgiving service for Bertie’s recovery from typhoid, 126, 142; opposes Empress title for QV, 128; attacks Turkish atrocities in Bulgaria, 136; resumes premiership (1880), 137
Glassalt Shiel (house), near Balmoral, 120
Gloucester, Mary, Duchess of (daughter of George III and QV’s aunt), 34, 49
Gordon, General Charles George, 137
Goschen, Sir George Joachim, 138
Gouramma, Princess of Coorg, 148
Grandineau, M. (French tutor), 25
Grant, Sir Francis, 63
Granville, Granville George Leveson-Gower, Earl, 137
Granville, Harriet, Countess, 9, 48
Great Exhibition (1851), 58, 71
Greville, Charles: on London at QV’s coronation, 1; on QV’s father, 10; on QV’s early popularity, 35; on QV’s attachment to Melbourne, 41; on QV-Albert relationship, 61
Grey, General Charles: as QV’s private secretary, 114; The Early Years of HRH The Prince Consort, 98
Gull, Sir William, 125–7
Halifax, Charles Lindley Wood, 2nd Viscount, 142
Hartington, Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of (later 8th Duke of Devonshire), 137
Hastings, Lady Flora, 29, 32, 38–41, 78
Hayter, Sir George, 23, 34, 46
Helena, Princess (‘Lenchen’): birth, 58; marriage and annuity, 100, 102; photographed, 108
Henry, Prince of Battenberg (‘Liko’), 134, 150–1
Herkomer, Hubert von, 58
Holl, Frank, 58
Home Rule (Ireland), 138
Housman, Laurence, 60; Death and the Doctors, 82; Happy and Glorious, 29; The Superlative Relative, 138; Woman Proposes, 49
Howley, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 27, 31
Illustrated London News, 64, 110
India: QV made Empress, 127–9
Ireland: famine (1840s), 57; QV’s interest in, 137; and Home Rule, 138
Isabella II, Queen of Spain, 100
Jenner, Sir William, 83, 106–7
Karim, Abdul (‘the Munshi’), 147–50
Keith Heathcote, Lady Elizabeth, 15
Kensington Gardens, London, 19
Kensington Palace, 19, 28–9
‘Kensington system’, 23, 33
Kent, Edward, Duke of (QV’s father), 7–11, 14
Kent, Victoire, Duchess of (QV’s mother): character, 10; first marriage and children, 10, 13; background, 13; financial means, 14; Conroy’s influence on, 15, 21; and QV’s upbringing, 19–20, 22, 24–6, 62; ambitions for regency, 27; organises QVs tours of England, 34; QV banishes from proximity, 38; rapprochement with QV, 79–80; relations with Albert, 79; death, 80; portrait, 80
Kipling, John Lockwood, 149
Kipling, Rudyard: The Widow at Windsor, 133
Koh-i-Noor diamond, 129
Kruger, Paul, 146
Lamb, Lady Caroline, 37
Landseer, Sir Edwin: Her Majesty at Osborne (painting), 108–10, 113; Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at the Bal Costumé of 12 May 1842 (painting), 59; Windsor Castle in Modern Times (painting), 63
Leeds Mercury, 62
Lehzen, Louise, Baroness: character, 10; and QV’s upbringing, 16, 22, 24, 26; informs QV of destiny as Queen, 27, 29; protects QV, 28; QV’s affection for, 38, 50, 52; Albert dislikes, 54, 147; Albert dismisses, 65–6, 79
Leopold I, King of the Belgians (formerly Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld): influence on and advice to QV, 2, 16, 27–9, 39, 42, 53, 100; marriage to Princess Charlotte, 12; supports Victoire, 13–14, 20; accession to Belgian throne, 27; letters to QV, 27–8, 39; marriage to Louise d’Orléans, 27; letters from QV, 33, 72; sends Stockmar to QV, 33–4; character, 37; approves Fowler’s portrait of QV, 45; plans QV’s marriage to Albert, 46–7, 49; allowance from British Parliament, 49; and QV’s dislike of politics, 60; encourages Vicky’s marriage, 76; urges QV to appear in public, 93; and QV’s resolve to maintain Albert’s wishes, 94; and QV’s administrative concerns, 99; and John Brown’s role in QV’s life, 107; death, 124
Leopold, Prince: birth, 58; haemophilia, 102; death, 133; QV entrusts with responsibilities, 136
Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, 66
Londesborough, William Henry Forester, 1st Earl and Edith Frances, Countess of, 125
London Review, 95
Lorne, John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of (later 9th Duke of Argyll): engagement to Louise, 122; in family portrait, 134; on QV’s death, 153; VRI: Her Life and Empire, 24
Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse: marriage to Alice, 92
Louise d’Orléans, consort of Leopold I, 27
Louise, Princess (later Marchioness of Lorne and Duchess of Argyll): birth, 58; dull home life, 102; photographed, 108; engagement, 122; awarded dowry, 124; childlessness, 133; at QV’s death, 153
Louise Margaret, Princess of Prussia, 138
Lytton, Edward, 1st Earl of, 129
Mallet, Marie, 149
Manchester Guardian, 36, 69–70
Marochetti, Baron Carlo, 98, 154
; Marthanda Varma, Maharaja of Lahore, 129
Martin, Sir Theodore: on QV’s common-sense, 25; and QV’s early years as Queen, 44; on QV’s approach to rule, 60; and QV’s Leaves from the Journal, 118
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 115
Melbourne, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount: relations with QV, 37–8, 41–2, 50, 54, 60, 70; and Flora Hastings affair, 40–1; resigns (1839), 41, 90; returns to power, 43; and QV’s marriage, 46, 49; and Albert’s allowance, 49–50; on limitations of education, 67; social attitudes, 70
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, 151
middle classes: status, 70
Milner, Violet Georgina, Lady, 139
monarchy: QV’s impact on, 1–2; see also republicanism
Mordaunt, Harriett, Lady (née Moncreiffe), 122
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French: and Crimean War, 73; exile in England, 124
John Camden Neild, 66
Nemours, Duchesse de see Victoire, Duchesse de Nemours
Nesbit, E., 19, 31
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia, 129
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 133
Nightingale, Florence, 72
Northumberland, Charlotte Florentia, Duchess of, 27
Oliphant, Margaret, 9, 31, 99
Osborne (House), Isle of Wight: life at, 58, 65–6, 74, 89, 108; Swiss Cottage, 67; Durbar Room, 148
Ottoman Empire: atrocities in Bulgaria, 136
Pain, James & Sons (firework manufacturers), 141
Pall Mall Gazette, 124
Palmerston, Emily, Viscountess (née Lamb; Countess Cowper), 36, 48
Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount: QV dislikes, 43; and Crimean War, 73; qualities, 73; and QV’s demand to be consulted, 97
Parliament: growing power, 2
Pedro V, King of Portugal, 83
Peel, Sir Robert: on QV’s manner, 32, 69; character, 41; relations with QV, 41–2, 70, 115; QV importunes for funds, 62
Philip, John, 76
Phipps, Sir Charles, 106–7
Ponsonby, General Sir Henry: as QV’s private secretary, 112, 114, 127, 136, 137, 142; death, 151
Poor Law Amendment Act (1834), 57
Prempeh I, Ashanti King, 151
Prince of Wales see Edward VII, King
Prinsep, Valentine, 129
Punch (magazine), 54, 118, 128
Ramsay, Allan, 5
Reform Act (1832), 36, 70
Regency Act (1830), 27
republicanism: increases, 119, 121–3; declines after Bertie’s recovery from illness, 126
revolutions of 1848, 57
Roberts, Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh, 1st Earl, 146
Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of, 138, 142
Ross, William, 51–2, 96, 132
Royal Titles Act (1876), 128
Ruskin, John, 60
Russell, Lord John (later 1st Earl), 70, 97, 100
Russia: in Crimean War, 72–3
St Laurent, Julie de, 11
Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of: on QV’s character, 3; on QV’s adopting title Empress of India, 129; premiership, 138; on QV’s relations with Abdul Karim, 150; and imperial representation at QV’s Diamond Jubilee, 152
Sandringham (estate), Norfolk, 125
Sandwich, Mary, Countess of, 48
Sant, James, 132
Saturday Review, The, 93, 110
Schleswig-Holstein, 134
Schreiber, Lady Charlotte, 118
Scotland: Highland Clearances, 57; see also Balmoral
Scott, Sir Walter, 16, 51
Selous, Henry Courtney, 80
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 7
Sitwell, Dame Edith, 11
Sohn, Carl Rudolph, 132
Sophia, Princess (daughter of George III and QV’s aunt), 21
Späth, Baroness, 16, 29
Spectator, The (journal), 143, 153
Stanley, Eleanor, 106
Stanley, Lord see Derby, 15th Earl of
Star of India, Order of, 127
Stockmar, Baron Christian: Leopold sends to QV, 33–4; influence on QV, 53; on changing social conditions, 57; on Victoria’s subservience to Albert, 60; educational regime, 67; encourages Vicky’s marriage, 76; death, 124; and Albert’s celebrating wedding anniversary, 131
Strachey, Lytton: Queen Victoria, 90, 150
Suez Canal company: Britain acquires shares, 128
Switzerland: QV holidays in, 112
Swoboda, Rudolph, 132, 147
Tennyson, Alfred, 1st Baron: on QV’s court, 43–4; on social change, 58; memorial poem to Albert, 101, 103; and QV’s view of children, 135; and death of Gordon, 137; Charge of the Light Brigade, 72; Idylls of the King, 101
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 71
Times, The: on popular view of QV, 1; on QV and monarchy, 2–3; on QV’s upbringing, 23; and Flora Hastings scandal, 40; on middle classes, 70; on QV following Albert’s death, 89–90, 93, 95; on QV’s Leaves from the Journal, 118; and QV’s illness, 123
Tinsley’s Magazine, 110
To the Queen’s Private Apartments (lithograph), 62
Trevelyan, George, 122
Turkey see Ottoman Empire
Tuxen, Laurits Regner, 143, 147; The Family of Queen Victoria in 1887 (painting), 134–5, 147
Tyler, Sir John, 147
unemployment, 57
Vereeniging, Treaty of (1902), 146
Victoire, Duchesse de Nemours, 78, 101
Victoria, Queen: coronation, 1; contradictions and inconsistencies, 2; birth, 8, 11–12; and father’s death, 11, 15; name, 12; childhood and upbringing, 15–16, 20, 22–6; dismisses Conroy, 15; portraits and photographs, 16, 23, 31–2, 34, 45, 54, 59, 63, 65, 96, 105, 108–10, 121, 129, 132, 134; relations with Conroy, 17, 19; dolls, 22, 52; theatre-going, 22, 53, 151; diary (journal), 23, 48, 91; education, 23–6; self-will, 23, 32, 38; sketching, 25, 51; temper, 26, 68; letters from Leopold, 27–8, 39; accession, 30–2; appearance and image, 31–3; letters to Leopold, 33; hairstyle, 34; resolution, 34; Whig sympathies, 36; Melbourne’s relations with, 37–8, 41, 50, 55, 60; attitude to mother, 38; supported by court, 41; courtship and marriage, 46–51, 55; Albert remoulds, 52–3, 68; wedding, 53; limits Albert’s role, 54–5; pregnancies and children, 55, 58; devotion to Albert, 56, 59–61, 68–9, 74; on dislike of politics and business, 60; womanly role, 60; ‘dual monarchy’, 61–3, 72, 96; Highland journals, 62; money gift from Neild, 66; relations with children, 66–7, 102, 135; belief in divine sanction, 70–1; and social change, 70; dress and accoutrements, 73–4; and daughter Vicky’s marriage, 75–8; correspondence with Vicky, 77; post-natal depression, 78; rapprochement with mother, 79–80; collapse at mother’s death, 80–1, 85; and Albert’s illness and death, 82–3, 85–7; grief and despair at Albert’s death, 89–92; posthumous reputation, 90; attends weddings of Bertie and of Alice, 92–3; withdrawal into seclusion in widowhood, 93–6, 101, 122; memorials to Albert, 95, 97; dependence on Albert, 96–7; need for advisers, 98; administrative concerns, 99; interest in foreign policy and British prestige, 99, 135–7; resists opening of Parliament, 100, 120; John Brown’s relations with and effect on, 105–15; engages private secretaries, 114; Disraeli’s influence on, 117, 119–20, 132, 135; declining popularity, 118; Civil List allowance, 119; accused of hoarding money, 122; agrees to open Parliament (1870), 122; illness (1871), 123; and Bertie’s illness and recovery from typhoid, 124–6; and rise of republicanism, 124; granted title of Empress of India, 127–9; changing role and status, 132; matriarchy and family connections, 132–5; antipathy to Gladstone, 137–8; consciousness of deaths, 139–40; Golden Jubilee (1887), 139–43; backward-looking and nostalgic, 140–1; dislikes ceremonial, 141–2; death of dog, 144; and Boer War, 145–6; health decline and failing eyesight, 146; infatuation with Abdul Karim, 148–50; racial liberalism, 149; resumes dancing in old age, 150; Diamond Jubilee (1897), 152–3; death and burial, 153–4; Leaves from the Journal of our Life in the Highlands, 118–19; More Leaves from the Journal of Our Life i
n the Highlands, 140; Remarks – Conversations – Reflections, 91
Victoria and Albert, Order of, 94
Victoria Cross: instituted, 73
Victoria, Princess of Hesse, 143
Victoria, Princess Royal (later Empress Frederick; ‘Vicky’): birth, 58; childhood, 62; marriage, 75; correspondence with QV, 77, 102; and death of Duchess of Kent, 81–2; pregnancy, 81; sense of failure in Prussia, 81–2; and father’s illness and death, 83, 85–6; and QV’s grief in widowhood, 91; and QV’s resistance to widowhood, 94; and QV’s reliance on John Brown, 107, 111–12; on increasing republicanism in Britain, 119; and QV’s dislike of Gladstone, 121; urges QV to end seclusion, 123; and QV’s reaction to birth of grandchildren, 131; and QV’s foreign policy, 136
Victoria, Princess of Wales, 131
Waldstein, Count, 51
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of, 15, 26, 38, 61
Wells, H.T., 31
Westall, Mr (drawing master), 25
What Does She Do With It? (anon. pamphlet), 122
Wilkie, Sir David, 32
William II, German Emperor (earlier Crown Prince), 133–4, 152
William IV (earlier Duke of Clarence), 7, 11–12; coronation, 22; health decline, 26; and succession, 29–30; death, 30
Wilson, George Washington (photographer), 105
Windsor Castle, 74, 101
Winterhalter, Franz Xaver: portrays QV and family, 63, 66; portrait sketch of Duchess of Kent, 80; QV sits for, 129; The Royal Family in 1846, 92
Wolff, Emil, 83
women: Victorian view of, 60
working class: discontent, 57
ALSO BY MATTHEW DENNISON
The Last Princess: The Devoted Life of Queen Victoria’s Youngest Daughter
Empress of Rome: The Life of Livia
The Twelve Caesars
Copyright
William Collins
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First published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2013
Copyright © Matthew Dennison 2013
Matthew Dennison asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
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