Margaret Fuller
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Antiochiana: Robert Lincoln Straker typescript collection of Peabody family papers, Antioch College
Berg: Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations
BPL: Rare Books and Manuscripts, Trustees of the Boston Public Library
FMW: Fuller Manuscripts and Works, Houghton Library, Harvard University
MHS: Massachusetts Historical Society
PSR: Swedenborgian House of Studies, Pacific School of Religion
Smith: Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College
PROLOGUE
[>] “what is most”: WHC, “Papers,” BPL, quoted in CFII, p. 508.
[>] “Nothing personal”: MF, “1849 Journal” bMS Am 1086 [4] FMW.
[>] “first acquaintance”: Ibid., p. 3.
[>] “The people”: Leona Rostenberg, ed., “Margaret Fuller’s Roman Diary,” Journal of Modern History, vol. 12, no. 2, June 1940, p. 213.
[>] “Monstrous are the treacheries”: Ibid., p. 215.
[>] “Rome is barricaded”: Ibid., p. 220.
[>] “will not take off”: MF, “The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women,” Dial, vol. 4, no. 1, July 1843, p. 30.
[>] a “fore-sayer”: FLIII, p. 106.
[>] “the great radical dualism”: “The Great Lawsuit,” p. 43.
[>] “There is no wholly”: Ibid.
[>] “a woman whose”: Ibid., p. 29.
[>] “fulness of being”: Ibid., p. 35.
[>] “history of feeling”: FLVI, p. 76.
[>] “represent the female”: WNC, p. 161.
[>] “takes rank in society”: FLIV, p. 256.
[>] “mind that insisted”: FLV, p. 301.
[>] “life rushes”: MF, Essays on American Life and Letters, Joel Myerson, ed. (Albany, N.Y.: NCUP, 1978), p. 379.
[>] “expansive fellowship”: ELIII, p. 394.
[>] Nathaniel Hawthorne: For an in-depth treatment of the friendship of MF and Nathaniel Hawthorne, see Thomas R. Mitchell, Hawthorne’s Fuller Mystery (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998).
[>] “When a writer”: Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House of the Seven Gables, in Collected Novels (New York: Library of America, 1983), p. 351.
[>] “we propose”: “The Great Lawsuit,” p. 10.
[>] young “lovers”: ELII, p. 332.
[>] “ardent and onward-looking”: FLIII, p. 156.
[>] “genius” would be: FLII, p. 172.
[>] “From a very”: FLVI, p. 134.
[>] fifty thousand readers: “half a hundred thousand readers,” FLIV, p. 56.
[>] “Another century”: Dispatches, p. 245.
[>] “The scrolls”: FLII, p. 249.
[>] “a little space”: FLII, p. 249.
[>] “empowering me”: FLII, p. 187.
1. THREE LETTERS
[>] “dear Father”: FLI, p. 79, original document fMS Am 1086 [9:1] FMW.
[>] “severe though kind”: Quoted in MMM, p. 12.
[>] “original,” worthy: Quoted in CFI, p. 38.
[>] “I have learned”: FLI, p. 81, original document fMS Am 1086 [9:3] FMW.
[>] of her “stile”: Quoted in CFI, p. 50.
[>] “as near perfection”: Quoted in MMM, p. 21.
[>] “high scholar”: OMI, p. 14.
[>] “on the stretch”: OMI, p. 15.
[>] “absolutely no patience”: OMI, p. 17.
[>] “I do not”: FLI, p. 81.
[>] “To excel”: Quoted in MMM, p. 17.
[>] “speaks of”: FLI, p. 81.
[>] “soft, graceful”: OMI, p. 14.
[>] “severe sweetness”: OMI, p. 13.
[>] “My first experience”: OMI, p. 14.
[>] “She who would”: OMI, p. 14.
[>] “delicate” in health: OMI, p. 17.
[>] “with loud cries”: OMI, p. 13.
[>] “I assure”: FLI, p. 91.
[>] difficult, “opinionative”: Quoted in CFI, p. 67.
[>] The Deserted Village: FLI, p. 91.
[>] “profoundly into”: Quoted in MMM, p. 21.
[>] “my mother’s hand”: OMI, p. 23.
[>] “flower-like nature”: OMI, p. 12.
[>] “Do not let”: FLI, p. 91.
[>] “power to disengage”: Quoted in MMM, p. 36. Murray’s discussion of MF’s early reading has been formative to my work, and I refer readers to her chapter “The World of Books,” MMM, pp. 33–44.
[>] “a new tale”: FLI, p. 94.
[>] “P S I do not like”: FLI, p. 95.
2. ELLEN KILSHAW
[>] signed “Margaret”: FLI, p. 89.
[>] “first friend”: OMI, p. 32.
[>] “an English lady”: OMI, p. 33.
[>] “Elegant and captivating”: OMI, p. 33.
[>] “comfortable” yet “very ugly”: OMI, p. 23.
[>] “unsavory” soap factory: MF’s brother Richard F. Fuller, Recollections of Richard F. Fuller (Boston: privately printed, 1936), p. 8.
[>] “child of masculine energy”: Martha L. Berg and Alice de V. Perry, eds., “‘The Impulses of Human Nature’: Margaret Fuller’s Journal from June Through October 1844,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, vol. 102, 1990, p. 115.
[>] “violent bodily exercise”: OMI, p. 41.
[>] “a habit and a passion”: OMI, p. 22.
[>] “the girls supposed”: OMI, p. 41.
[>] “given up”: OMI, p. 41.
[>] presenting a “mesquin”: OMI, p. 23.
[>] “a new apparition”: OMI, p. 33.
[>] “the river”: FLIII, p. 81.
[>] “atmosphere of”: OMI, p. 41.
[>] “I saw”: OMI, p. 39.
[>] “face most fair” . . . “graceful pliancy”: OMI, p. 33.
[>] “my first real”: OMI, p. 34.
[>] “growing beneath”: OMI, p. 33.
[>] “heralds of”: OMI, p. 34.
[>] “from a distance”: OMI, p. 35.
[>] “reserve” . . . “self-possession” . . . “timidity”: OMI, p. 33.
[>] “All accomplishments”: Quoted in VM, p. 20.
[>] “the heir of all”: OMI, p. 14.
[>] “no woman dares”: Quoted in MMM, p. 9.
[>] “so well pleased”: Quoted in VM, p. 19.
[>] “delicious hour[s]”: Quoted in CFI, p. 14.
[>] “the man looks”: WNC, p. 59.
[>] “piece of good fortune”: Quoted in CFI, p. 16.
[>] “throbs of ambition”: Quoted in CFI, p. 17.
[>] “hasty temper”: Quoted in MMM, p. 11.
[>] “a tyrant”: OMI, p. 28.
[>] “such an overflowing”: Quoted in CFI, p. 18.
[>] “more romantically”: Quoted in MMM, p. 18.
[>] “your absent Lord”: Quoted in MMM, p. 24.
[>] “disobedient spouse”: Quoted in MMM, p. 24.
[>] “wayward” behavior: Quoted in MMM, pp. 19–20.
[>] “you in my eye”: Quoted in MMM, p. 19.
[>] “highly cultivated”: OMI, p. 33.
[>] “so surprising”: Quoted in CFI, p. 41.
[>] “better than my life”: FLI, p. 94.
[>] “the lonely child”: OMI, p. 39.
[>] “the voice”: OMI, p. 38.
[>] “a region”: OMI, p. 39.
[>] “shallow and delicate”: OMI, p. 39.
[>] “melancholy”: OMI, p. 40.
[>] “would not be pacified”: OMI, p. 40.
[>] “All joy”: OMI, p. 40.
[>] “In the more”: OMI, p. 12.
[>] “my pair of Ms”: Quoted in MMM, p. 13.
[>] “effeminate”: Quoted in CFI, p. 29.
[>] “I am rather”: Quoted in VM, p. 22.
[>] “she could never”: Quoted in CFI, p. 54.
[>] “Sarah Margarett”: Quoted in MMM, p. 18.
[>] “a very feasible”: FLI, p. 115.
[>] “I see in Sarah M.”: Quoted in VM, p. 20.
[>] “I have long thought” . . . “I intend”: Quoted in VM, p. 22.
[>] “to make”: Quoted in MMM, p. 32.
[>] “Whenever I find”: Quoted in CFI, p. 38.
[>] “how deep”: FLII, p. 176.
[>] “‘Madeira’ seemed”: OMI, p. 36.
3. THEME: “POSSUNT QUIA POSSE VIDENTUR”
[>] “They can conquer”: I have used Dryden’s 1697 translation of line 231 from book five of Virgil’s Aeneid, the translation MF would have known.
[>] “Theme corrected”: bMS Am 1086A, FMW.
[>] “man of business”: OMI, p. 14.
[>] “demanded accuracy”: OMI, p. 17.
[>] “had no conception”: OMI, pp. 16–18.
[>] “I thought”: OMI, p. 22.
[>] “Beauties of Nature”: fMS Am 1086 [9] FMW.
[>] “too much strength”: OMI, p. 18.
[>] “loved to conquer”: OMI, p. 22.
[>] “a victim”: OMI, pp. 15–16.
[>] “came with”: Oliver Wendell Holmes, quoted in CFI, p. 46.
[>] “a revelation” and further Holmes commentary: Quoted in CFI, p. 46; VM, p. 18.
[>] “Miss Mary”: FLI, p. 96.
[>] her “deficiencies”: Quoted in MMM, p. 48.
[>] “very corpulent”: Quoted in MMM, p. 48.
[>] a “robust” girl: Frederic Henry Hedge, quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] “polite forms”: Quoted in CFI, p. 56.
[>] “grown up gentlemen”: FLI, p. 118.
[>] “display” her “attainments”: TF, quoted in CFI, p. 63.
[>] “eye of Intelligence”: FLI, p. 114.
[>] “prodigy of talent”: WHC, quoted in CFI, p. 60.
[>] “wonderful child”: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, quoted in MMM, p. 47.
[>] “had not religion”: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, quoted in CFI, p. 60.
[>] “I get the card”: FLI, p. 98.
[>] “defies the god”: Quoted in MMM, pp. 41–42.
[>] “the dashing misses”: Frederic Henry Hedge, quoted in CFI, p. 61.
[>] “a sad feeling”: WHC, quoted in CFI, p. 60.
[>] “with indiscriminate”: Frederic Henry Hedge, quoted in CFI, p. 61.
[>] “rhapsodical intimations”: Quoted in CFI, p. 58.
[>] “this hopeful”: MCF, quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] “manners and disposition”: Quoted in CFI, p. 69.
[>] “address” . . . “that he never”: FLI, p. 121.
[>] “he had never”: Quoted in CFI, p. 62.
[>] “exceedingly agreeable”: FLI, p. 127.
[>] “well over”: Quoted in CFI, p. 64.
[>] “notoriously unpopular”: Quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] “nobility of blood”: FLI, p. 89.
[>] “my natural”: FLI, p. 332.
4. MARIANA
[>] red “flush”: MF journal c. March 1834 FMW, quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] “eruption” on Margaret’s face: Quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] “mortified to see”: MF journal c. March 1834 FMW, quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] need for “instruction”: Quoted in CFI, p. 73.
[>] “an odd and unpleasing”: FLVI, p. 59.
[>] “much taller”: FLIV, p. 137.
[>] “too independent”: MCF, quoted in CFI, p. 66.
[>] “wounded” vanity: MF journal c. March 1834 FMW, quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] “for I should grieve”: Quoted in CFI, p. 71.
[>] having been “disappointed”: Quoted in CFI, p. 64.
[>] “cheapen her value”: Quoted in CFI, p. 66.
[>] “She certainly”: Quoted in CFI, p. 65.
[>] “I hope you will”: FLI, p. 132.
[>] “not see you”: FLI, p. 135.
[>] “judicious country”: Quoted in CFI, p. 74.
[>] “a fair opportunity”: Quoted in CFI, p. 75.
[>] “Orthography, Reading”: Reprinted in Samuel Abbott Green, Groton Historical Series, vol. 3, no. 9 (Groton, Mass.: 1893), p. 405; quoted in CFI, p. 71.
[>] “I feel myself”: FLI, p. 139.
[>] “I did not intend”: FLI, p. 139.
[>] “those who had”: OMI, p. 52.
[>] “been unfortunately”: The story of Mariana, SOL, pp. 51–58. Margaret may have borrowed the name and some personality traits from Goethe’s headstrong and histrionic Mariana of Wilhelm Meister, a character who, as Margaret once wrote in her journal, liked to “range the orchards as a freebooter, & sit in the boughs of the withered apple tree like Charles 2d in the royal oak.” Martha L. Berg and Alice de V. Perry, eds., “‘The Impulses of Human Nature’: Margaret Fuller’s Journal from June Through October 1844,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, vol. 102, 1990, p. 61.
[>] “those sad experiences”: FLI, p. 160.
[>] “I feel the power”: FLI, p. 151.
[>] “I am determined”: FLI, p. 152.
[>] “a gladiatorial”: FLI, p. 155.
5. THE YOUNG LADY’S FRIENDS
[>] “I expect”: FLI, p. 150.
[>] “translate[d]” through her reading: FLI, p. 153.
[>] “so slow”: FLIII, p. 105.
[>] “one of the most”: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Margaret Fuller Ossoli (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1884), p. 27.
[>] “a young girl”: Ibid., p. 29.
[>] “feudal hall”: FLI, p. 153.
[>] “There is a constant”: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody to Maria Chase, May 1821, Peabody Family Papers, Smith.
[>] “born leader”: Anna Parsons, quoted in CFI, p. 94.
[>] “How did she glorify”: OMI, p. 78.
[>] “sarcastic, supercilious”: Kate Sanborn, quoted in Joel Myerson, Fuller in Her Own Time (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2008), p. xxiii.
[>] disdain for “mediocrity”: OMI, p. 64.
[>] “know as much”: Margaret Fuller Ossoli, p. 25.
[>] “Each was”: OMI, pp. 103–4.
[>] “never rested”: OMI, p. 104.
[>] “be capable”: OMI, p. 78.
[>] “should not”: OMI, p. 64.
[>] “marked the very dawn”: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, quoted in Deborah Pickman Clifford, Crusader for Freedom: A Life of Lydia Maria Child (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), p. 41.
[>] “restless insatiable”: Ibid., p. 50.
[>] “harmless arrow”: Ibid., p. 53.
[>] “possessed a large”: Ibid., p. 57.
[>] “honest independence”: Ibid., p. 50.
[>] “a natural person”: FLI, p. 154.
[>] “accidental advantages”: Quoted in CFI, p. 95.
[>] “brilliant” de Staël: FLI, p. 154.
[>] “like a butterfly”: Crusader for Freedom, p. 54.
[>] “a poor isolated”: Ibid., p. 53.
[>] “was the beginning”: George Curtis, quoted in Crusader for Freedom, p. 70.
[>] less “careful”: Mrs. John [Eliza Rotch] Farrar, Recollections of Seventy Years (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1866), p. 171.
[>] “an American freedom”: Charles Eliot Norton, “Reminiscences of Old Cambridge,” Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, vol. 1, 1905, p. 17. See also Elizabeth Bancroft Schlesinger, “Two Early Harvard Wives: Eliza Farrar and Eliza Follen,” New England Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 2, June 1965, pp. 147–67.
[>] “elected” mother: Quoted in CFI, p. 97.
[>] “mould her”: Margaret Fuller Ossoli, p. 36.
[>] “the most intolerable”: Harriet Martineau, quoted in Fuller in Her Own Time, p. xxiii.
[>] become a “gentlewoman”: [Eliza Ware Rotch Farrar], The Young Lady’s Friend (Boston: American Stationers’ Company, John B. Russell, 1837), p. 318.
[>] “In no country”: Ibid., p. 319.
[>] “dragged round”: Ibid., pp. 112–14.
[>] �
�who attend”: Ibid., p. 318.
[>] “run, jump”: Ibid., p. 325.
[>] “one of the highest”: Ibid., pp. 385–86.
[>] “the precious”: Ibid., pp. 2–3.
6. ELECTIVE AFFINITIES
[>] the “brutal” Constantine: FLI, p. 152.
[>] “My whole being”: FLI, p. 164.
[>] “anxious suspense”: FLI, p. 153.
[>] “powerful eye” . . . “imposing maniere”: FLII, p. 154.
[>] “inclined to idealize”: FLIII, p. 156.
[>] “truly myself”: FLVI, p. 234.
[>] “like a plaything”: John Wesley Thomas, ed., The Letters of James Freeman Clarke to Margaret Fuller (Hamburg: Cram, de Gruyter, 1957), p. 97.
[>] “Her mind”: WNC, p. 29.
[>] “intellectual abandon”: JFC, quoted in CFI, p. 102.
[>] “pull people”: Sarah Clarke, quoted in CFI, p. 103.
[>] “gladiatorial disposition”: FLI, p. 155.
[>] “contempt for”: OMI, p. 104.
[>] “aching wish”: FLI, p. 155.
[>] “communicate more”: FLVI, p. 272.
[>] “so open” . . . “intimacy”: FLVI, p. 234.
[>] souls to be “conjugal”: FLVI, p. 134.
[>] “brilliant vivacity”: FLVI, pp. 160, 159.
[>] “I have determined”: FLI, pp. 158–59.
[>] “When disappointed”: FLI, p. 159.
[>] whose “pride”: FLI, p. 158.
[>] declared himself “satisfied”: FLVI, pp. 161–62.
[>] “Ah weakness”: SOL, pp. 59, 58.
[>] “insincerity and heartlessness”: FLVI, p. 102.
[>] “Thoughts he had”: SOL, pp. 59–60.
[>] If “separation” was possible: FLI, p. 347.
[>] “given” to her: FLIII, p. 197.
[>] “my child”: FLII, p. 187.
[>] “while night”: FLII, p. 187.
[>] “thirty-seven degrees”: FLI, p. 161.
[>] “answering store”: FLI, pp. 162–63.
[>] “pleasure . . . of finding”: FLVI, p. 134.
[>] “It seems”: FLI, p. 177.
[>] “extraordinary, generous”: OMI, pp. 59, 64.
[>] Elective Affinities: FLI, p. 174.
[>] “E.” should “suffice”: FLVI, p. 166.
[>] “loved and loving”: Letters of James Freeman Clarke to Margaret Fuller, p. 17.